BaCollegiant—Ukusambilila Baibolo Kwalengele Bapusaneko

Bushe Mwalibomfwapo “Bacollegiant”?

Ili bumba linono ilya mipepele ilya mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 17 ilya ku Holland lyalipuseneko na macalici yambi aya pali iyo nshita. Lyapuseneko shani, kabili cinshi twingasambililako kuli bene? Pa kusanga ifyasuko, natubwelele ku kale.

MU 1587, Jacobus Arminius (nelyo, Jacob Harmensen) afikile mu musumba wa Armsterdam. Taculile ukusange ncito, pantu alisambilile. Ilyo ali ne myaka 21, apwile amasomo yakwe pa Leiden University mu Holland. Pa numa, aikele imyaka 6 ku Switzerland, alefundwa ifya mipepele kuli Théodore de Bèze, uwapyene John Calvin intungulushi ya Kwaluka kwa ciProtestanti. E mulandu wine baProtestanti mu Amsterdam basontele Arminius uwa myaka 27 ukuba pasita! Nangu cibe fyo, ilyo papitile imyaka inono, abengi mu calici balilangulwike icabakolele ukuti basale Arminius. Mulandu nshi?

Ukupusana pa lwa Cifundisho ca Kupimina Libela

Pa nshita Arminius asontelwe ukuba pasita, e lintu baProtestanti mu Amsterdam bapusene pa lwa cifundisho ca kupimina libela. Abakonshi ba kwa John Calvin balicindike sana ici cifundisho, lelo bamo mu calici bapaashishe ukuti Lesa nga alapimina libela abakapusuka na bakakandwa ninshi afwile ukubo munkalwe kabili uwa lufyengo. Abakonshi ba kwa John Calvin baleenekela Arminius, uwali umusambi wa kwa Bèze, ukulungika abalepaasha. Lelo, Arminius alisuminishe abalepaasha, na bakonshi ba kwa John Calvin balipeshiwe amano. Muli ba 1593 ukukansana kwalicililemo ica kuti baProtestanti mu musumba bapaatukene mu mabumba yabili—abasumine icifundisho e lyo na bakeene.

Mu myaka fye inono, uku kukansana kwaishilepaatukanya baProtestanti mu Holland onse. Basukile mu November 1618 bateyanya icilye ca kupwisha ukukansana. Abakonshi ba kwa Calvin, abaletungililwa na bashilika ne cintubwingi, baitile abalepaasha ukwisa (pali iyo nshita baleitwa Bakakaanyaa) ku cilye ca Holland ica Protestant Synod of Dordrecht. Pa numa ya kukumana, bashimapepo bonse aba mwi bumba lya Bakakaanya babebele ukusalapo cimo pa: Ukusaina umulapo wa kuleka ukupepesha, nelyo ukufuma mu Holland. Abengi basalilepo ukufuma mu Holland. Abakonshi ba kwa Calvin bashelebapyana ififulo ifyo bashimapepo ba mwi bumba lya Bakakaanya bashile. Intungulushi shamwene kwati abakonshi ba kwa John Calvin balicimfishe.

Ifyo BaCollegiant Batendeke ne fyo Balundulwike

Ukupala mu ncende shimbi, icilonganino ca Bakakaanya mu mushi wa Warmond, mupepi na Leiden, tacakwete pasita. Lelo ici cilonganino cena, calikeene ukuti intungulushi she calici shibatumine pasita umbi. Na kabili bamo mu cilonganino balikeene shimapepo wa mwi bumba lya Bakakaanya uwaibikile mu kapoosa mweo pa kubwelela ku Warmond mu 1620 ku kusakamana icilonganino. Batendeke ukulongana mu bumfisolo ukwabula shimapepo. Pa numa, uku kulongana kwaishileitwa amacollege, na balesangwako, baleitwa baCollegiant.

Nangu cingati icalengele ukuti kubeko baCollegiant kukanakwata bapasita, mu kwangufyanya ifintu fyalyalwike. Uwa mu cilonganino Gijsbert van der Kodde apaashishe ukuti ukulongana ukwabula shimapepo kwalengele ibumba ukulakonka sana Baibolo ne nshila ya Bena Kristu ba kubalilapo ukucila amacalici yambi. Atile, bushimapepo bwapangilwe pa numa ya mfwa ya batumwa ku kufwaile ncito abashalefwayo kusambilila ubutukushi.

Mu 1621, Van der Kodde na banankwe bakuushishe college yabo ku mushi wapalamineko uwa Rijnsburg.b Pa numa ya myaka imo, lintu kwaishileko amaipepele, ukulongana kwa baCollegiant kwaile ululumbi mu Holland kabili kwaongwele “abantu abalekanalekana,” nga fintu kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Siegfried Zilverberg asosa. Kwaongwele aba mwi bumba lya Bakakaanya, baMennonite, baSocinian, ukusanshako abasoma ifya mipepele. Bamo bali ni bashibulimi. Bambi bali ni bakashika wa nshintu, abapulinta ifitabo, bashing’anga, ne ntukushi. Uwa mano ya buntunse Spinoza (Benedictus de Spinoza) na kafundisha mukalamba Johann Amos Comenius (nelyo, Jan Komenský), ukusanshako kalenga walumbuka Rembrandt van Rijn, na bo balitemenwe ili bumba. Imfundo shapusanapusana isho aba bakapepa baletele shalilundulwile ifisumino fya baCollegiant.

Pa numa ya 1640 ili bumba lyalilundulwike lubilo lubilo. Amacollege yalipangilwe mu Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Leeuwarden, ne misumba imbi. Profesa wa lyashi lya kale Andrew C. Fix alando kuti pa kati ka 1650 na 1700, “baCollegiant . . . balilundulwike no kusanguka imipepele yacindama kabili iya lulumbi mu Holland uwa mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 17.”

Ifisumino fya BaCollegiant

Apantu baCollegiant baishibikwe nga bantu abalelingulula, abalesuminisha amaipepele, na maisosele, umuCollegiant umo umo ali umuntungwa ukukwata ifisumino ifyapusanako. Nalyo line, kwali ifisumino fimo bakwete ifyalengele bekatane. Ku ca kumwenako, baCollegiant bonse balishibe ubucindami bwa kusambilila Baibolo pa lwabo. UmuCollegiant umo alembele ukuti, cila muntu alingile “ukusapika pa lwakwe, talingile ukusambilila Lesa ku munankwe.” E fintu balecita. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale ilya macalici uwa mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 19 Jacobus C. van Slee, asosele ukuti baCollegiant balishibe Baibolo ukucila amacalici yambi aya pali iyo nshita. Na balwani babo balebatasha pa fyo bakampwike mu kubomfya Baibolo.

Nangu cibe fyo, lintu baCollegiant basambilile sana Baibolo, e lintu balundulwile sana ifisumino ifyapusene ne fya macalici yalumbuka. Ifitabo ifyalembelwe mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 17 ukufika mu walenga 20 filondolola ifisumino fimo ifyo basuminemo:

Icalici lya Kubalilapo. UmuCollegiant kabili uwasoma ifya mipepele Adam Boreel alembele mu 1644 ukuti lintu icalici lya kubalilapo lyaitumpile mu mapolitiki mu nshita ya kwa Kateka Konstantino, lyalitobele icipingo lyapingene na Kristu kabili lyalufishe ukupuutwamo no mupashi wa mushilo. Alundako ukuti e calengele ukuti ifisambilisho fya bufi fifule no kutwalilila ukufika na mu nshiku shakwe.

Ukwaluka. Icalici talyaalwike sana pa numa ya Kwaluka kwa mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 16 ukwaletelwe na Luther, Calvin, na bambi. Lelo, ukulingana no muCollegiant walumbuka kabili shing’anga Galenus Abrahamsz (1622-1706), Ukwaluka kwalyonawile imipepele pantu kwaleteleko ukukansana no lupato. Ukwaluka kwine kwine kulingile ukwalula umutima, lelo Ukwaluka kwalifililwe ukucite co.

Icalici na Bashimapepo. Amacalici yabako yalikowela, yaliitumpa mu fya calo, kabili tayatungululwa na Lesa. Uulefwaya ukupepa kwine kwine alingile ukufuma mu calici apepa epali akumako ku membu sha liko. BaCollegiant balesoso kuti bushimapepo te bwa mu Malembo kabili “bwaleonaula bumupashi bwa cilonganino ca Bwina Kristu.”

Ubufumu na Paradise. Umo uwa bantu bapangile college mu Amsterdam, Daniel de Breen (1594-1664), alembele ukuti Ubufumu bwa kwa Kristu te bufumu bwa ku mupashi ubwikala mu mutima wa muntu. Kafundisha Jacob Ostens, umuCollegiant wa mu Rotterdam, atile “abaHebere ba pa kale balelolela amalayo ya pano isonde.” Na baCollegiant na bo balelolela inshita lintu isonde likasangulwa paradise.

Balesa Batatu. Pa kwambukilwa ne fisumino fya baSocinian, bamo baCollegiant balumbuka balikeene ukuti kwaliba Balesa Batatu.c Ku ca kumwenako, Daniele Zwicker (1621-78) alembele ukuti icifundisho conse umushabo kupelulula, pamo nga ica Balesa Batatu, cali “ica fye kabili ica bufi.” Mu 1694 Baibolo uwapilibwilwe no muCollegiant Reijnier Rooleeuw alisabankanishiwe. Apilibwile amashiwi ya kulekelesha pali Yohane 1:1 ukuti: “Kabili cebo ali mulungu” ukucila ukupilibula kwa lyonse ukutila: “Kabili cebo ali ni Lesa.”d

Ukulongana kwa Cila Mulungu

Nangu cingati baCollegiant balipusene ifisumino, ukulongana (amacollege) kwabo mu misumba yalekanalekana kwalipalene. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Van Slee ashimiko kuti pa kubala baCollegiant tabalepekanishisha libela ukulongana. Basumine ukuti ukulingana na mashiwi ya mutumwa Paulo pa lwa ‘kusesema,’ abaume bonse bali abantungwa ukulandapo pa kulongana. (1 Abena Korinti 14:1, 3, 26) E ico, ilingi line balepwisha ukulongana ubushiku sana ica kuti na bamo abalesangwako “balelaalo tulo.”

Pa numa, ukulongana kwaliteyanishiwe bwino. BaCollegiant balelongana pa Mulungu na mu cungulo bushiku mu kati ka mulungu. Pa kuti kalanda ne cilonganino bengapekanishisha libela ukulongana konse ukwa mu mwaka, programu uwapulintwa aletantika amalembo ya Baibolo ayakalandwapo ukusanshako na mashina ya bakalanda. Pa numa ya kwisula ukulongana no lwimbo ne pepo, kalanda alelondolola amalembo ya mu Baibolo. Nga apwa ukulanda, alelomba abaume ukulandapo pa mutwe uwacilandwapo. Lyene kalanda uwalekonkapo alelangilila ifyo amalembo yamo yene yengabomfiwa. Ukulongana kwalesondwelela ne pepo no lwimbo.

BaCollegiant mwi tauni lya Harlingen, mu citungu ca Friesland, balikwete umungalato balebomfya pa kuti ukulongana kwende bwino. Kalanda nga alya inshita balemulipilisha akamusonko.

Ukulongana Kukalamba

BaCollegiant bamwene ukuti balekabila ukuteyanya ukulongana kukalamba. E ico, ukutendeka mu 1640, baCollegiant ukufuma mu Holland onse baleya imiku ibili mu mwaka (muli shinde na mu lusuba) ku Rijnsburg. Nga fintu kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Fix alemba, uku kulongana kwalelenga ukuti “beshibe imfundo, amatontonkanyo, ifisumino, ne milimo ya bamunyinabo abekala ukutali.”

BaCollegiant bamo abaleisa balesonkela imiputule mu mushi, bambi bena baletubilisha mu ciyanda ca baCollegiant icaleitwa Groote Huis, icakwete imiputule 30. Umo mwine emo abantu 60 ukufika kuli 70 baleliila pamo ifya kulya. Pa numa ya kulya, abeni balefumina pa nse ukololako amolu mwi bala ilyafunguluka pa kuti bengaipakisha ‘imilimo ya kwa Lesa, ukwambaulako, nelyo ukwetetulako.’

BaCollegiant abengi balikatamike ulubatisho. E ico, batendeke ukutantika ulubatisho pa kulongana kukalamba. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Van Slee asoso kuti ulubatisho lwalebako pa Cibelushi ulucelo. Pa numa ya lwimbo ne pepo kwaleba ilyashi pa lwa bucindami lwa lubatisho. Lyene kalanda aleita abakalamba abalefwaya ukubatishiwa ukuilumbulwila icitetekelo cabo, pamo nga, “Ninsumino kuti Yesu Kristu Mwana wa kwa Lesa uwa mweo.” Ilyashi nga lyasondwelela ne pepo, bonse abalesangwako baleya ku cishiba ca lubatisho ku kumona abaume na banakashi uko balefukama mu cishiba, pa kuti amenshi yabafike mu fipeya. Kabatisha lyene panono panono alesunko mutwe wa mupya uwasumina no kumwibisha mu menshi. Pa numa ya lubatisho, bonse balebwelelamo ku fipuna fyabo ku kumfwa ilyashi na limbi.

Pa Cibelushi mu cungulo kasuba pa 17:00 hrs, ukulongana kwaletendeka no kubelenga ukwipi ukwa Baibolo, ulwimbo, ne pepo. Pa kushininkisho kuti lyonse bakalanda balebako, ifilonganino fya mu Rotterdam, Leiden, Amsterdam, na North Holland fyalelekaanina mu kupayanya bakalanda kwi bungano limo na limo. Pa Mulungu ulucelo epo balesefya Umulalilo wa kwa Shikulu. Pa numa ya lyashi, ipepo, no lwimbo, abaume e lyo na banakashi balelya umukate no kunwa umwangashi. Kwaleba amalyashi na yambi mu cungulo bushiku pa Mulungu, e lyo ulucelo pali Cimo bonse balelongana kwi lyashi lya kulekelesha. Van Slee alando kuti amalyashi ayengi pali aya mabungano yali ya kwaafwa, kabili yalekomaila pa kubomfya ifyebo ukucila ukufilondolola fye.

Umushi wa Rijnsburg walesengela abeni abaleisa kuli uku kulongana. Umo kalemba uwa mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 18 alembele ukuti, apantu abeni abaleisa baleshita ifya kulya, calengele ukuti umushi umwenemo ubukumu. Ukulundapo, lyonse pa numa ye bungano baCollegiant balesangwilako indalama ku bapiina ba mu Rijnsburg. Ukwabulo kutwishika, aba muli ulya mushi tabatemenwe lintu kulya kulongana kwalekele mu 1787. Pa numa ya ico, baCollegiant balilobele. Mulandu nshi?

Icalengele Ukuti Balobe

Ku mpela ya mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 17, ukukansana kwalibalamwike pa lwa bucindami bwa kulingulula mu mipepele. BaCollegiant bamo bapaashishe ukuti ukulingulula kwa buntunse kulingile ukupulamo ukucila ukusokolola kwa bulesa, lelo bambi balikeene. Kwi pelepele, ukukansana kwapaatukenye ibumba lyonse ilya baCollegiant. Baishileikatana na kabili lintu fye bonse abalekansana baishilefwa. Nangu ni fyo, ukutula fye apo bapaatukanine “tabatalile abatungulukapo,” nga fintu kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Fix alanda.

Ukwingilishiwako kwa maipepele mu macalici ya baProtestanti mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 18 na ko kwalengele ukuti baCollegiant balobe. Ilyo ifishinte fya baCollegiant ifya kulingulula na maipepele fyapokelelwe ne cinabwingi, “ulubuuto ulwali fye lumo ulwa baCollegiant lwalilobele mu cibutubutu ca lucelo ica Kubuutushiwa.” Ukufika ku mpela ya mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 18, baCollegiant abengi batobenkene na baMennonite na mabumba yambi aya mipepele.

Apantu baCollegiant tabalefwaya ukukwata ifisumino ifyaikatana, cila muntu aliikwatile fisumino fyaibela. Balishibe pa lwa ici, e ico, tabaitungile ukuba ‘abalundikana mu kulinga kumo kwine,’ nga fintu umutumwa Paulo acincishe Abena Kristu ukuba. (1 Abena Korinti 1:10) Nangu cibe fyo, pa nshita imo ine, baCollegiant balelolela inshita lintu ifisumino fya kutendekelako ifya Bwina Kristu, pamo ngo kwikatana kwa fisumino, fikalundinkana.

Nangu cingati ukwishiba kwa cine takwafulile mu nshiku sha baCollegiant, balimike ica kumwenako ico amacalici ayengi ilelo bengasambililako. (Linganyeniko Daniele 12:4.) Pa kukomaila pe sambililo lya Baibolo balekonka ukufunda kwa mutumwa Paulo ukutila: “Lingululeni fyonse.” (1 Abena Tesalonika 5:21) Ukusambilila Baibolo kwalengele Jacobus Arminius na bambi ukwishibo kuti ififundisho ne fibelesho ifyo amacalici yasuminemo pa nshita ntali tafyafumine muli Baibolo. Lintu baishibe pa lwa ici, balikwete ubukose bwa kupusana ne mipepele imbi iyaliko. Bushe nga e fyo mwacitile?

[Amafutunoti]

[Icikope pe bula 24]

Rembrandt van Rijn

[Ifikope pe bula 26]

Umushi wa Warmond umo “baCollegiant” batendekeele, no Mumana wa De Vliet umo balebatishisha

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 23]

Icikope icili ku numa: Pa kusuminishiwa na Librairi wa ba American Bible Society, New York