Ðe Wònye Nusi Me Kɔ Ƒã be Enye Biblia ƒe Nufiafia?

NE MAWUÐEKAETƆ̃ la nye nyateƒe la, ekema ele be woagblɔe eme nakɔ nyuie ɖe Biblia me eye matsi tre ɖe eɖokui ŋu o. Nukatae? Elabena abe alesi apostoloawo ka ɖe edzie ene la, Biblia la nye Mawu ƒe ɖeɖefia si ku ɖe eɖokui ŋu si wòtsɔ na ameƒomea. Eye esi ɖe wòle be míanya Mawu hafi asubɔe wòadze eŋu ta la, ele be Biblia nagblɔ amesi tututu wònye la na mí eme nakɔ kɔte.

Ƒe alafa gbãtɔ me xɔsetɔwo xɔ Ŋɔŋlɔawo be wonye Mawu ƒe ɖeɖefia ŋutɔŋutɔ. Eya dzie wotu woƒe dzixɔsewo ɖo, eye eyae nye woƒe ŋusẽ mamletɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, esime apostolo Paulo ɖe gbe ƒã na amesiwo le du si nye Beroia me la, “woxɔ nya la kple dzi faa, eye wole ŋɔŋlɔawo me dzrom gbesiagbe be nusiawo le eme hã.”—Dɔwɔwɔwo 17:10, 11.

Nukae Mawu ƒe ame siwo xɔ ŋkɔ ɣemaɣi la zã abe woƒe ŋusẽ ene? Dɔwɔwɔwo 17:2, 3 gblɔ na mí be: “Abe alesi Paulo nɔa wɔwɔm ene la, . . . [ede ŋugble kpli wo] tso ŋɔŋlɔawo me; eye wòle eme ʋum fia wo kɔte [tso Ŋɔŋlɔawo me].”

Yesu ŋutɔ ɖo kpɔɖeŋu ɖi le Ŋɔŋlɔawo zazã me abe nusi dzi wòanɔ te ɖo hena nufiafia ene eye wògblɔ zi geɖe be: “Woŋlɔ ɖi bena.” “Eɖe nusiwo le ŋɔŋlɔawo katã me le eŋuti la, ƒe gɔme fia wo.”—Mateo 4:4, 7; Luka 24:27.

Eyata Yesu, Paulo, kple ƒe alafa gbãtɔ me xɔsetɔwo zã Ŋɔŋlɔawo abe gɔmeɖokpe na woƒe nufiafia ene. Wonya be “Ŋɔŋlɔ sia ŋɔŋlɔ, si tso Mawu ƒe gbɔgbɔ me la, enyo hã na nufiafia, na mokaka, na ɖɔɖɔɖo, na amehehe, si le dzɔdzɔenyenye me, bene Mawu ƒe ame la nade blibo, eye wòanɔ dzadzraɖoɖi hena dɔ nyui sia dɔ nyui wɔwɔ.”—Timoteo II, 3:16, 17; kpɔ Korintotɔwo I, 4:6; Tesalonikatɔwo I, 2:13; Petro II, 1:20, 21 hã.

Esi wònye Biblia la ate ŋu ‘aɖɔ nuwo ɖo’ ta la, ele be wòaɖe nyatakaka abe esi ku ɖe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ si wogblɔ be enye gɔmeɖokpe ŋu ene la afia eme nakɔ ƒã. Gake ɖe mawuŋutinunyalawo kple ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ŋutɔ gblɔ be edze ƒã be enye Biblia ƒe nufiafiaa?

Ðe “Mawuɖekaetɔ̃” la Le Biblia Mea?

PROTESTANTƆWO ƒe agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be: “Nya si nye Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ la medze le Biblia me o . . . Mekpɔ nɔƒe aɖeke si dzi woda asi ɖo le sɔlemeha la me o vaseɖe ƒe alafa 4 lia me hafi.” (The Illustrated Bible Dictionary) Eye Katolikotɔwo ƒe agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ la “menye Mawu ƒe nya tẽ alo esi woate ŋu akpɔ enumake o.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

The Catholic Encyclopedia hã gblɔ be: “Le Ŋɔŋlɔa me la, womekpɔ nya ɖeka aɖeke si wotsɔ yɔ Ame Etɔ̃ Siwo Le Mawu ƒe Nɔnɔme Me lae haɖe o. Nya τρίας [triʹas] (si ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe Latingbe me nya trinitas nye) dze zi gbãtɔ le Theophilus si tso Antioxia ƒe nyawo me le ƒe A. D. 180 me lɔƒo. . . . Le ema megbe teti la, edze le Latingbe si nye trinitas me le Tertullian ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo me.”

Gake esia ɖeɖe dzaa menye kpeɖodzi be Tertullian fia Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Katolikotɔwo ƒe agbalẽ si nye Trinitas—A Theological Encyclopedia of the Holy Trinity gblɔ be ame bubuwo va zã Tertullian ƒe nya aɖewo emegbe tsɔ ɖɔ Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ lae. Eyi edzi xlɔ̃ nu be: “Gake womate ŋu atso aƒo nya ta klokloklo tso ezazã ŋu o, elabena mezã nya la hena Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe mawunyafiafia o.”

Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo me Ðaseɖiɖiwo

TOGBƆ be nya si nye “Mawuɖekaetɔ̃” medze le Biblia me o hã la, ɖe wofia Mawuɖekaetɔ̃a ƒe nukpɔsusu ya teti kɔte le emea? Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nukae Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo (“Nubabla Xoxoa”) ɖe fia?

The Encyclopedia of Religion lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be: “Mawuŋutinunyalawo lɔ̃ ɖe edzi egbea be Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia la mele Hebrigbe Biblia me o.” Eye New Catholic Encyclopedia hã gblɔ be: “Womefia Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ Kɔkɔe ƒe nufiafia la le N[ubabla] X[oxoa] me o.”

Nenema ke Yesutɔ Edmund Fortman lɔ̃ ɖe edzi le eƒe agbalẽ si nye The Triune God me be: “Nubabla Xoxoa . . . megblɔ nya aɖeke na mí tẽ alo gblɔ nya aɖe si me woakpɔ nya tsoe si fia Mawuetɔ̃ƒokpli si nye Fofo, Vi, kple Gbɔgbɔ Kɔkɔe o. . . . Ðaseɖiɖi aɖeke meli be ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔea ŋlɔla aɖe susu [Mawuɖekaetɔ̃] ƒe anyinɔnɔ le Mawu me gɔ̃ hã o. . . . Alesi woakpɔ nya aɖewo le [“Nubabla Xoxoa” me] si afia ema alo nane siwo anye vɔvɔli, alo ‘dzesi aɖe si dzi wotsyɔ nui’ ku ɖe amewo ƒe ɖekaetɔ̃nyenye ŋu la nye dzedze le ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔeawo ŋlɔlawo ƒe nyawo kple nusi nɔ susu me na wo la ŋu.”—Míawoe te gbe ɖe edzi.

Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋutɔ me dzodzro aɖi ɖase tso nya mawo ƒe nyateƒenyenye ŋu. Eyata Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia si me kɔ aɖeke mele Biblia ƒe agbalẽ 39 gbãtɔ siwo nye Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔ vavãtɔ siwo dzi woda asi ɖo be wotso gbɔgbɔ me la me o.

Ðaseɖiɖi si Tso Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo Me

ENYO, ke ɖe Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo (“Nubabla Yeyea”) ya gblɔ nya si me kɔ kɔte tso Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ŋua?

The Encyclopedia of Religion gblɔ be: “Mawuŋutinunyalawo lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ŋuti nufiafia si me kɔ mele Nubabla Yeyea hã me o.”

Yesutɔ Fortman gblɔ be: “Nubabla Yeyea ŋlɔlawo . . . megblɔ Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia si dzi woda asi ɖo alo si wokpa na mí alo nufiafia si me kɔ be le Mawu ɖeka me la, Mawu etɔ̃ siwo le tasɔsɔ mee li o. . . . Míekpɔa Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia aɖeke si me ame etɔ̃ siwo me Mawu ƒe agbenɔnɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ dze le le Mawuƒokpli ma ke me le afi aɖeke o.”

The New Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be: “Nya Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ alo eŋuti nufiafia si me kɔ medze le Nubabla Yeyea me o.”

Bernhard Lohse gblɔ le A Short History of Christian Doctrine me be: “Zi alesi míele Nubabla Yeyea ŋu nya gblɔm la, màke ɖe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃nufiafia la ŋutɔŋutɔ ŋu le eme o.”

The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology hã gblɔ nya si ɖi ema be: “Mawuɖekaetɔ̃nufiafia si ŋu wotrɔ asi le mele N[ubabla] Y[eyea] me o. ‘Nya si wogblɔ kɔte be Fofo la, Vi la, kple Gbɔgbɔ Kɔkɔe la le nɔnɔme si sɔ kple wo nɔewo me la mele Biblia me o’ [Protestantɔ mawuŋutinunyala Karl Barth ye gblɔe].”

Yale Yunivɛsiti nufialagã E. Washburn Hopkins ka ɖe edzi be: “Edze ƒã be Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia la mele nyanya na Yesu kple Paulo o; . . . womegblɔ naneke tso eŋu o.”—Origin and Evolution of Religion.

Ŋutinyaŋlɔla Arthur Weigall gblɔ be: “Yesu Kristo meƒo nu tso nu ma tɔgbe ŋu kpɔ gbeɖe o, eye nya ‘Mawuɖekaetɔ̃’ medze le Nubabla Yeyea ƒe afi aɖeke o. Ðeko Sɔlemeha la va xɔ nufiafia la wɔ eɖokui tɔe le mía Aƒetɔ la ƒe ku ƒe ƒe alafa etɔ̃ megbe.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.

Eyata Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ la ŋuti nufiafia si me kɔ aɖeke mele Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽ 39 la alo Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽ siwo dzi woda asi ɖo siwo tso gbɔgbɔ me la me o.

Ðe Kristotɔ Gbãtɔwo Fiaea?

ÐE KRISTOTƆ gbãtɔwo fia Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ la? De dzesi nya siwo gbɔna si ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo kple mawuŋutinunyalawo gblɔ la:

“Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ƒe nufiafia si me kɔ si wotra ɖe xɔsemeʋuʋuawo me emegbe la mele Kristotɔnyenye gbãtɔ me o.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.

“Kristotɔ gbãtɔwo ya mebu tame tso [Mawuɖekaetɔ̃] ƒe nukpɔsusu la zazã ɖe woa ŋutɔwo ƒe xɔse ŋu la ŋu gbã o. Wotsɔa woƒe tadedeagu na Mawu Fofo la kple na Yesu Kristo, Mawu ƒe Vi la, eye wodze si . . . nusi Gbɔgbɔ Kɔkɔea nye; gake nu etɔ̃ siawo ƒe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ŋutɔŋutɔ nyenye, si me wo katã sɔ heƒo ƒu nye Ame Ðeka le la ƒe susu aɖeke menɔ tame na wo o.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.

“Gbã la, Kristotɔwo ƒe xɔse menye Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ tɔ o . . . Menye aleae wònɔ le apostoloawo ŋɔli kple le ɣeyiɣi si kplɔ apostoloawo ŋɔli ɖo me o, abe alesi wòdze le N[ubabla] Y[eyea] kple Kristotɔ gbãtɔwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ bubuwo mee ene.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

“Womelɔ̃ ɖe nya kpakpa si nye ‘Ame etɔ̃ le Mawu ɖeka me’ dzi bliboe keŋkeŋ o, kakaɖedzitɔe la, womexɔe de Kristotɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ kple xɔsemeʋuʋu me bliboe do ŋgɔ na ƒe alafa 4 lia ƒe nuwuwu o. . . . Tamesusu alo nukpɔsusu ma tɔgbe aɖeke menɔ anyi si gogoe le Fofo siwo nɔ anyi le Apostoloawo ŋɔli dome kura gɔ̃ hã o.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

Nusi Fofo siwo Nɔ Anyi do ŋgɔ na Nikaea Takpekpea Fia

ENYE nusi dzi wolɔ̃ ɖo be Fofo siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Nikaea Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpea la nɔ ŋgɔ xɔm le mawusubɔsubɔnyawo me le Kristo ƒe dzidzi ƒe ƒe alafa gbãtɔawo megbe. Nusi wofia la nye nusi wòle be míanya.

Justin Martyr, si ku le ƒe 165 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo yɔ Yesu le eƒe anyinɔnɔ do ŋgɔ na amegbetɔzuzu me be enye mawudɔla si wowɔ si nye “amesi le vovo na Mawu si wɔ nuwo katã la.” Egblɔ be Yesu bɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu Mawu eye “mewɔ naneke gbeɖe o negbe nusi nye Wɔla la . . . ƒe lɔlɔ̃nu be wòagblɔ ahawɔ la ko.”

Irenaeus, si ku le ƒe 200 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo, gblɔ tso Yesu ŋu le eƒe anyinɔnɔ do ŋgɔ na amegbetɔzuzu me be enye amesi ƒe anyinɔnɔ ɖe vovo tso Mawu ŋu eye ebɔbɔ ɖe anyi wui. Eɖee fia be Yesu mesɔ kple “Mawu vavã Ðeka kolia la,” si “ƒo nuwo katã ta, eye le eya megbe bubu aɖeke megali o” la o.

Clement si tso Aleksandria, si ku le ƒe 215 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo la yɔ Mawu be enye “Mawu vavã ɖeka kolia si womewɔ o si mekuna o.” Egblɔ be Vi lae “nye amesi gakplɔ Fofo ŋusẽkatãtɔ ɖeka kolia la ɖo” gake mele tasɔsɔ me kplii o.

Tertullian si ku le ƒe 230 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo fia nu tso alesi Mawu ƒo nusianu tae la ŋu. Egblɔ be: “Fofo la le vovo na Vi la (ame bubu), elabena elolo wui; abe alesi amesi dzi vi la le vovo na vi si wòdzi lae ene; abe alesi amesi wodɔ le vovo na amesi dɔe ene.” Egblɔ hã be: “Ɣeyiɣi aɖe nɔ anyi si me Vi la menɔ anyi o. . . . Do ŋgɔ na nuwo katã la, Mawu ɖeɖekoe nɔ anyi.”

Hippolytus si ku le ƒe 235 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo gblɔ be Mawu nye “Mawu ɖeka la, Ame gbãtɔ kple amesi ɖeɖeko li, Wɔla kple nuwo katã dzi Aƒetɔ,” amesi “naneke mesɔ kple le ƒe me o . . . Ke boŋ enye Ame ɖeka, eya ɖeka koe li; amesi ƒe lɔlɔ̃nu mee wòna nusiwo menɔ anyi do ŋgɔ o [abe Yesu si wowɔ si nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na eƒe amegbetɔzuzu la ene] la va dzɔ.”

Origen si ku le ƒe 250 M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo gblɔ be “Fofo la kple Vi la nye nu eve siwo le wo ɖokui si . . . [wonye] nu eve le woƒe anyinɔnɔ me,” eye be “ne wotsɔ Fofoa sɔ kplii la, [Vi la] nye kekeli sue aɖe ko.”

Le nyataƒoƒo tso ŋutinya me ɖaseɖiɖiawo ŋu me la, Alvan Lamson gblɔ le The Church of the First Three Centuries me be: “Nya aɖeke menɔ Justin [Martyr] ƒe nya me si de . . . míaƒe ɣeyiɣia me Mawuɖekaetɔ̃nufiafia si keke ta la dzi o: eye míate ŋu akeke dzesidenya sia ɖe enu vaseɖe Fofo siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Nikaea [ƒe Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpea] dzi; eyae nye vaseɖe Kristotɔ agbalẽŋlɔla siwo katã nɔ anyi le Kristo ƒe dzidzi megbe ƒe ƒe alafa etɔ̃ gbãtɔawo megbe la dzi. Nyateƒee, woƒo nu tso Fofo, Vi, kple . . . Gbɔgbɔ kɔkɔe ŋu, gake menye be wo katã sɔ o, menye be wonye ɖeka le xexlẽme gome o, menye be wonye Ame Etɔ̃ le Ame Ðeka me le gɔmesese si dzi egbegbe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃dzixɔselawo lɔ̃ ɖo la nu o. Nusi tsi tre ɖe esia ŋu tututu boŋ ye nye nyateƒea.”

Eyata ɖaseɖiɖi si tso Biblia kple ŋutinya me kɔ eme ƒã be womenya Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ le Biblia ƒe ɣeyiɣiawo katã me o vaseɖe ƒe alafa geɖe megbe hafi.

[Nya si ɖe dzesi si le axa 7]

“Ðaseɖiɖi aɖeke meli be ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔea ŋlɔla aɖe susu [Mawuɖekaetɔ̃] ƒe anyinɔnɔ le Mawu me gɔ̃ hã o.”—The Triune God