Lungenyi elu ludi lubuela mu bitendelelu bia bena ku Est
“Mvua ngela meji misangu yonso ne: dibenga kufua dia anyima divua bulelela pa buloba bujima buvua muntu yonso witaba. Nenku ngakakema bushuwa pa kumanya se: bamue bena meji banene ba ku Est ne ba ku Ouest mbele ditabuja edi mpata ne disuminyina dionso. Mpindieu ndi ndiebeja muvua lungenyi elu lua muoyo ukena kufua lufike ku dimanyika kudi bena Hindu.” —MULONGI WA UNIVERSITÉ UVUA MUKOLESHA BU MUENA HINDU.
MMUNYI muvua lungenyi lua ne: muntu udi ne anyima utu kayi ufua lubuele mu Buena-Hindu ne mu bitendelelu bikuabu bia bena ku Est? Lukonko elu ndua mushinga nansha bua bena ku Ouest badi mua kuikala kabayi bibidilangane ne bitendelelu ebi, bualu ditabuja edi ditu ne buenzeji pa mmuenenu wa muntu yonso wa matuku atshilualua. Bualu dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia muntu ntshiena-bualu tshia ntaku mu bitendelelu bivule lelu’eu, kumanya muakadiunda lungenyi elu kudi bushuwa mua kuyisha kumpala ngumvuilu ne diyukidilangana bilenga.
2 Ninian Smart, mulongeshi wa malu a bitendelelu mu Université wa Lancaster mu Grande-Bretagne, udi wamba ne: “Ditunga dia Inde ke didi dikale muaba wa mushinga mutambe bunene wa mu Aziya udi ne buenzeji mu malu a bitendelelu. Bidi nanku ki ng’anu bua padi Inde nkayende mupatule bungi kampanda bua bitendelelu—Buena-Hindu, Buena-Buddha, Buena-Jaina, Buena-Sikh, ne bikuabu—kadi mbua se: tshimue tshia kudibi, Buena-Buddha, ntshilue kuikala ne buenzeji buondoke mu nshidimukilu bu yonso wa ku Aziya wa ku Est.” Nshidimukilu mivule idi ku buenzeji ebu “itshidi anu itangila Inde bu kuayi kuyilela kua mu nyuma,” ke mudi mushikuluji muena Hindu Nikhilananda wamba. Nenku, mmunyi muakabuela dilongesha edi dia muoyo ukena kufua mu Inde ne mu bitupa bikuabu bia Aziya?
Dilongesha dia Buena-Hindu dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu
3 Mu siekele muisambombo K.B.B., pavua Pythagore ne balondi bende mu Grèce bikale babingisha dilongesha dia dimuangala dia anyima, bena meji ba bena Hindu bavua basombele ku mielelu ya musulu wa Indus ne wa Ganges mu Inde bavua benda bakolesha lungenyi lumuelumue alu. Dimueneka dia ditabuja edi mu tshipungu tshimue “mu nsangilu wa bena Greke ne mu Inde kadiena mua kuikala bushuwa dia mu mpukapuka,” ke mudi mushikuluji wa malu a kale, Arnold Toynbee wamba. Udi uleja ne: “Mpokolo umue uvua mua kuikalaku [wa buenzeji ebu] nnsangilu wa bantu bamuangadi ba ku Mputu ne ku Aziya, bavua, mu siekele wa 8 ne wa 7 K.B.B., bapueke bua kuasa mu Inde, mu Aziya wa ku Sud-Ouest, mu buloba bua mpata ku muelelu wa ku Nord wa Mbuu Mufiike, ne maloba adi mabuele mu mbuu a Balkan ne Anatolie.” Mbimueneke se: bisa bia bamuangadi ba ku Mputu ne ku Aziya ke biakalua mu Inde ne lungenyi lua dimuangala dia anyima.
4 Buena-Hindu bukavua butuadije mu Inde kumpala menemene, pakafika ba-Aryen bu mu 1500 K.B.B. Anu ku mbangilu mene, Buena-Hindu buvua ne ditabuja dia se: anyima uvua mushilangane ne mubidi, ne se: anyima uvua upanduka ku lufu. Bua nanku bena Hindu bavua ne ntendelelu wa bankambua ne belela anyima ya bafue babu biakudia. Siekele mivule pashishe pakafika lungenyi lua dimuangala dia anyima mu Inde, luvua ne bua kuikala lusankishe bikole bena meji ba bena Hindu bavua baluangana ne tshilumbu tshia buloba bujima tshia bubi ne makenga munkatshi mua bantu. Mu dituangaja lungenyi elu pamue ne tshidibu babikila ne: mukenji wa Karma, mukenji wa tshiledi tshia bualu ne tshipeta tshiabu, bena meji bena Hindu bakapatula dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu. Bilondeshile dilongesha edi, malu mimpe ne malu mabi menza mu muoyo kampanda adi afutshibua anyi akebesha dinyoka mu muoyo udi ulonda.
5 Kadi kuvua lungenyi lukuabu lumue luvua ne buenzeji pa dilongesha dia Buena-Hindu dia anyima. Tshibungu kampanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Bidi bimueneka mudibi bilelela bua se: mu tshikondo tshine tshiakenzabu dilongesha edi dia dimuangala dia anyima ne dia karma, anyi kumpala mene, lungenyi lukuabu . . . luvua luenda ludiunda ku kakese ku kakese mu nsangilu wa bena meji bakese ba mu Inde wa ku N[ord]—lungenyi lua nkindi lua Brahman-Ātman [Brahman mukulu ne wa tshiendelele, bulelela bua ndekelu].” (Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics) Lungenyi elu bakalukuatakaja ne dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu bua kumvuija tshipatshila tshia ndekelu tshia bena Hindu—disungidibua ku dimuangala dilondangane dia anyima bua kumona mua kuikala tshintu tshimue ne bulelela ebu bua ndekelu. Bena Hindu badi bitabuja ne: bualu ebu badi babukumbaja pa kudienzeja bua kuikala ne ngikadilu udibu bitaba munkatshi mua bantu ne dimanya dia pa buadi dia Buena-Hindu.
6 Nenku bantu bena meji bena Hindu bakafuikakaja lungenyi lua dimuangala dia anyima kuluvuija dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu pa kulukuatakaja ne mukenji wa Karma ne lungenyi lua Brahman. Octavio Paz, mufundi wa tusala wakapeta Difutu dia Nobel ne muena-mpala wa kale wa ditunga dia Mexique mu Inde, mmufunde ne: “Anu bu muakatangalaka Buena-Hindu, ke muakatangalaka lungenyi . . . ludi ne mushinga mukole mu Buena-Brahman, Buena-Buddha, ne bikuabu bitendelelu bia bena Aziya: ditentemuka dia anyima, dimuangala dia anyima misangu milondangane, yumbuka mu dikalaku dimue iya mu dikuabu.”
7 Dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu didi tshipanda tshia Buena-Hindu bua lelu. Muena nkindi wa bena Hindu Nikhilananda udi wamba ne: “Muena Hindu yonso muimpe utu witaba muanda wa se: difika ku muoyo ukena kufua ki mmuabi wa pa buawu udi nawu anu basungula bakese, kadi mbukenji bua ku tshilelelu bua bantu bonso.”
Diledibua tshiakabidi njila ne njila mu Buena-Buddha
8 Buena-Buddha buakatuadija mu Inde bu mu 500 K.B.B. Bena Buddha batu bamba ne: muana kampanda wa mukalenge wa bena Inde dîna diende Siddhārtha Gautama, wakalua kumanyika pashishe bu Buddha pakapetaye dikenkeshibua, ke wakatuadija Buena-Buddha. Bu muvuabu bufumine ku Buena-Hindu, malongesha abu adi mu imue mishindu mafuanangane ne a Buena-Hindu. Bilondeshile Buena-Buddha, dikalaku ndilondangana dilunguluke dia diledibua tshiakabidi ne lufu, ne anu bu mu Buena-Hindu, nsombelu wa muntu yonso mu muoyo wende wa mpindieu mmujadika kudi malu akenzaye mu muoyo wende wa kumpala.
9 Kadi Buena-Buddha kabuena bumvuija dikalaku bu se: anyima udi ne bumuntu udi utungunuka ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu nansha. “[Buddha] uvua umona anyima wa muntu anu bu mulongo wa lupitapita wa ngikadilu kayiyi milunguluke ya mu lungenyi, idi milama pamue anu bua dijinga,” ke muakumvuija Arnold Toynbee. Pabi, Buddha uvua witabuja ne: tshintu kampanda—ngikadilu anyi bukole kansanga—tshitu tshisambuluka mu muoyo umue tshiya mu mukuabu. Dr. Walpola Rahula, mushikuluji muena Buddha, udi umvuija ne:
10 “Muntu udi anu tshipeta tshia dikuatakaja patupu dia makole anyi makanda a mubidi ne a mu lungenyi. Tshitudi tubikila ne: lufu ndipanga kutumika dijima dia mubidi wa musunyi. Makole ne makanda onso aa atu imana onso diatshimue ne dipanga kutumika dia mubidi edi anyi? Buena-Buddha budi buamba ne: ‘Tòo.’ Disua, disungula, dijinga, nyota ya kuikalaku, kutungunuka ne kuikala ne muoyo, kuledibua njila ne njila, mbukole butambe bunene budi busaka muoyo mujima, dikalaku dijima, budi nansha busaka buloba bujima. Ebu ke bukole butambe bunene, dikanda ditambe bunene mu buloba. Bilondeshile Buena-Buddha, bukole ebu kabuena buimana diatshimue ne dipanga kutumika dia mubidi, didi dikale lufu; kadi budi butungunuka ne kudileja mu mushindu mukuabu, bupatula dikalaku tshiakabidi didibu babikila ne: diledibua tshiakabidi.”
11 Mmuenenu wa bena Buddha wa Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu udi nunku: Dikalaku ditu dia kashidi anu bikala muntu mufike ku tshipatshila tshia ndekelu tshia Nirvana, disungidibua ku diledibua tshiakabidi njila ne njila. Nirvana ki nngikadilu wa diakalenga dia kashidi anyi wa dilua tshintu tshimue ne bulelela bua ndekelu. Nngikadilu patupu wa dipanga kuikalaku—“muaba ukena lufu” mupite dikalaku dia muntu. Nkonga-miaku kampanda udi umvuija “Nirvana” bu “muaba anyi ngikadilu udi kayi umanya ditabalela, bisama, anyi bulelela bua pambelu.” (Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary) Pamutu pa kukeba muoyo ukena kufua, bena Buddha mbakankamija bua kupita mikalu yawu pa kukumbaja Nirvana.
12 Bu muakatangalakabu mu miaba kabukabu mu Aziya, Buena-Buddha buakashintulula malongesha abu bua kudiakaja ku mitabuja a miaba mikuabu. Tshilejilu, Buena-Buddha bua ba-Mahayana, mushindu udi mutumbe mu ditunga dia Chine ne dia Japon, butu buitabuja ba-bodhisattva ba mu diulu, peshi ba-Buddha ba matuku atshilualua. Ba-bodhisattva badi bindija dibuela mu wabu Nirvana bua kupeta mioyo bungi kabuyi kubala bua bamone mua kukuatshila bakuabu mudimu ne kubambuluisha bua bafike ku Nirvana. Nenku muntu udi mua kusungula bua kutungunuka mu diledibua tshiakabidi njila ne njila nansha panyima pa difika ku Nirvana.
13 Dishintuluka dikuabu diakalua ne buenzeji mu mushindu wa pa buawu mu Chine ne mu Japon ke dilongesha dia Buloba Bukezuke bua ku Ouest, difuka kudi Buddha Amitabha, peshi Amida. Aba badi babila dîna dia Buddha mu ditabuja badi baledibua tshiakabidi mu Buloba Bukezuke, peshi mparadizu, muaba udi nsombelu yambuluisha bikole bua kufika ku dikenkeshibua dia ndekelu. Ntshinyi tshidi tshifumine ku dilongesha edi? Mulongeshi Smart, utukadi batele, udi umvuija ne: “Anu bu mutuvua mua kutekemena, malu a mpatshi a mparadizu, mumvuija bikole mu imue ya ku mifundu ya ba-Mahayana, akalua kupingana pa muaba wa nirvana mu lungenyi lua bantu bu tshipatshila tshia ndekelu.”
14 Buena-Buddha bua mu Tibet mbubueje munda muabu mitabuja makuabu a muaba au. Tshilejilu, mukanda wa bafue wa bena Tibet udi umvuija tshimana-kufunda tshia muntu mu nsombelu wa pankatshi wa kumpala kua diledibua tshiakabidi. Badi bamba mudi bafue banyika ku butoke bua mpatshi bua bulelela bua ndekelu, ne aba badi kabayi bakumbana kushala mu butoke kabena bapeta disungidibua kadi badi baledibua tshiakabidi. Mu butoke buonso, Buena-Buddha mu mishindu yabu kabukabu budi bufila lungenyi lua muoyo ukena kufua.
Ditendelela bankambua kudi bena Shinto mu Japon
15 Kuvua tshitendelelu kampanda mu Japon kumpala kua difika dia Buena-Buddha mu siekele muisambombo B.B. Katshivua ne dîna, ne tshivua tshienza ne mitabuja masuikakaja ne malu a tshitembu ne bilele bia bantu. Kadi mu dibuela dia Buena-Buddha, dikengela diakamueneka dia kusunguluja tshitendelelu tshia bena Japon ne tshia ku ba bende. Ke muakapatuka mbikidilu wa “Shinto,” mmumue ne: “njila wa ba-nzambi.”
16 Nditabuja kayi divua nadi bena Shinto wa ku ntuadijilu bua Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu? Pavua kudima kua luosa mu bisense kutuadija, “madimi a mu bisense avua alomba binsanga bidilongolole bimpe ne bishindame, ne bilele bia malu a madimi—biakalua kupeta pashishe muaba munene mu ntendelelu wa Shintō—biakavulangana,” ke mudi tshibungu kampanda tshiumvuija. (Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan) Ditshina anyima ya bafue diakafikisha bantu aba ba kale ku dilongolola bilele bia kubapolesha nabi. Ebi biakandamuka ne kulua ntendelelu wa spiritu ya bankambua.
17 Bilondeshile ditabuja dia bena Shinto, anyima “wa mufue” utshidi anu ne bumuntu buende kadi udi unyanguka bualu bua lufu. Padi bantu badi bafuishe bakumbaja mikiya ya tshivulukilu, anyima udi upeluka ufika too ne ku diumbusha bubi buonso, ne udi upeta ngikadilu wa ditalala ne dienzelangana bimpe. Ndekelu, spiritu eu wa nkambua udi ubanda mu mulongo wa nzambi wa bankambua, peshi mulami. Bu muvuadi mu tshikondo tshimue ne Buena-Buddha, ditabuja dia Shinto diakanyisha munda muadi amue malongesha a bena Buddha, bu mudi edi dia mparadizu. Nenku, tudi tumona se: ditabuja muoyo ukena kufua ndia nshindamenu mu Shinto.
Muoyo ukena kufua mu Buena-Tao, ntendelelu wa bankambua mu Buena-Confucius
18 Buena-Tao buvua butuadija kudi Lao-tzu, udibu bamba ne: uvuaku mu Chine mu siekele muisambombo K.B.B. Bilondeshile Buena-Tao, tshipatshila tshia muoyo ntshia kupunga mudimu wa muntu ne Tao—njila wa bukua-panu buonso. Bua ngelelu wa meji wa bena Tao pa muoyo ukena kufua, tudi mua kuamba nunku mu tshikoso: Tao ndîyi-diludiki didi dilombola bionso bia panu. Tao kêna ne mbangilu, kêna ne ndekelu. Pa kuikala ne nsombelu mumvuangane ne Tao, muntu udi wenzamu tshiende tshitupa ne ulua wa tshiendelele.
19 Mu madikolela abu bua kuikala tshintu tshimue ne bukua-panu buonso, bena Tao bakalua kukeba pashishe nangananga bua kumanya mudibu bua tshiendelele, ne bukole buabu bua kudienzulula. Bavua belangana meji ne: pamu’apa pa kuikala ne nsombelu mumvuangane ne Tao, peshi njila wa bukua-panu buonso, mu mushindu kampanda muntu uvua mua kusokolola malu masokome a bukua-panu buonso ne kulua mukubibue ku njiwu ya ku mubidi, masama, nansha lufu luine.
20 Bena Tao bakaditua mu kuteta dielangana meji, didibidija bua kueyela, ne ndilu, bualu bavua bela meji ne: kuenza nunku kuvua mua kuindija dinyanguka dia mubidi ne lufu. Mu katupa kîpi mianu e kutuadija kutangalaka ya bakena-bafua bavua mua kubuuka pa matutu ne kumueneka anyi kujimina ku budisuile, ne bavua basombele mu mikuna ya tshijila anyi bidiila bia kulekule bidimu bungi kabuyi kubala, bakuatshisha kudi lumuma anyi bimuma bia majimbu. Miyuki ya malu a kale ya bena Chine idi ilonda ne: mu 219 K.B.B., amperere Ch’in Shih Huang Ti wakatuma tshisumbu tshia mâtu mambule bana ba balume ne ba bakaji 3 000 bua kupeta tshidiila tshia mu muanu tshia P’eng-lai, tshisombedi tshia bakena-bafua, bua kutualabu mu dipingana diabu bisosa bia muoyo ukena kufua. Kabiena nansha kuamba, kabakapingana ne bisosa ebi bia dilepesha muoyo.
21 Dikeba dia muoyo wa tshiendelele diakafikisha bena Tao ku diteta bua kuenza tumuma tua muoyo ukena kufua ku diambuluisha dia alshimi (sianse wa dilungidika malu). Bua bena Tao, muoyo udi upeteka padi makole mabengangane a yin ne a yang (a bakaji ne a balume) akuatakana. Nenku, pa kuenguluja tshiamu tshia ntende (tshifiike, peshi yin) pamue ne mercure (matoke, peshi yang), bena alshimi bavua bidikija ngenzelu wa mu bukua-panu buonso, ne bavua bela meji bua kupatula tshivua ne bua kuikala kamuma ka muoyo ukena kufua.
22 Bu mu siekele wa muanda-mutekete B.B., Buena-Buddha bukavua bubuele mu malu a bitendelelu a bena Chine. Tshipeta tshivua disambakana divua dikonga amue malu a Buena-Buddha, a ditendelela ba-spiritu ne a ntendelelu wa bankambua. Mulongeshi Smart udi wamba ne: “Buena-Buddha ne Buena-Tao biakakaja ne biakajadika mitabuja a malu a kunyima kua lufu avua kaayi matokesha bimpe mu ntendelelu wa kale wa bankambua wa bena Chine.”
23 Confucius, muena meji mukuabu mutumbe wa mu Chine wa mu siekele muisambombo K.B.B., muena nkindi yakalua tshishimikidi tshia Buena-Confucius, kakumvuija mu bule ne mu butshiame malu a Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu. Tshidibi, wakazangika mushinga wa nsombelu wa tshitembu ne bikadilu bianyishibue mu nsangilu wa bantu. Kadi uvua wanyisha ntendelelu wa bankambua ne wakatamba kushindika dilama dia bilele ne mikiya bivua bitangila spiritu ya bankambua bakavua bafue.
Bitendelelu bikuabu bia bena ku Est
24 Buena-Jaina buakatuadijila mu Inde mu siekele muisambombo K.B.B. Mubutuadiji, Mahāvīra, wakalongesha ne: bintu bionso bidi ne muoyo bidi ne anyima ya tshiendelele, ne se: disungidibua dia anyima ku bupika bua Karma didi mua kupeteka anu ku diambuluisha dia didipidia ne didinyoka bikole ne dilonda ne dîsu dikole dibenga kutatshisha bifukibua bionso. Bena Jaina mbalame mitabuja aa too ne lelu’eu.
25 Ditunga dia Inde mmuaba kabidi udi Buena-Sikh buledibue, tshitendelelu tshidi ne bantu batue ku miliyo 19. Tshitendelelu etshi tshiakatuadija mu siekele wa 16 pakangata Guru Nānak dipangadika dia kusambakaja malu matambe buimpe a mu Buena-Hindu ne a mu Islame bua kuenza tshitendelelu tshidipunge. Buena-Sikh buakangata mitabuja a bena Hindu a dibenga kufua dia anyima, dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu ne Karma.
26 Mbimueneke patoke ne: ditabuja dia se: muoyo udi utungunuka padi mubidi ufua didi tshitupa tshia mushinga mukole mu bitendelelu bia bungi bia bena ku Est. Kadi, netuambe tshinyi bua Bukua-buena-nkristo, Buena-Yuda ne Islame?
[Nkonko ya dilonga]
1. Bua tshinyi kumanya muakadiunda ne muakatangalaka dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia muntu mu bitendelelu kabukabu kudi ne mushinga kutudi?
2. Bua tshinyi ditunga dia Inde didi mpokolo munene udi ne buenzeji mu malu a bitendelelu mu Aziya?
3. Bilondeshile mushikuluji kampanda wa malu a kale, mbanganyi bavua mua kuikala batuale mu Inde lungenyi lua dimuangala dia anyima?
4. Bua tshinyi lungenyi lua dimuangala dia anyima luakasankisha bena meji bena Hindu?
5. Bilondeshile Buena-Hindu, anyima udi ne tshipatshila kayi tshia ndekelu?
6, 7. Buena-Hindu bua lelu budi ne ditabuja kayi pa bidi bitangila Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu?
8-10. (a) Mmunyi mudi Buena-Buddha bumvuija dikalaku? (b) Mmunyi mudi mushikuluji kampanda muena Buddha umvuija diledibua tshiakabidi?
11. Mmunyi mudi bena Buddha bamona Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu?
12-14. Mmunyi mudi mishindu mishilangane ya Buena-Buddha yumvuija lungenyi lua muoyo ukena kufua?
15-17. (a) Mmunyi muakadiunda ntendelelu wa spiritu ya bankambua mu bena Shinto? (b) Mmunyi mudi ditabuja mu dibenga kufua dia anyima dikale dia nshindamenu bua bena Shinto?
18. Nngelelu kayi wa meji udi nende bena Tao pa muoyo ukena kufua?
19-21. Dielangana meji dia bena Tao diakafikisha ku dienza madikolela kayi?
22. Ntshipeta kayi tshiakamueneka bua buenzeji bua bena Buddha mu malu a bitendelelu a bena Chine?
23. Confucius uvua ne mmuenenu kayi pa ntendelelu wa bankambua?
24. Ntshinyi tshidi Buena-Jaina bulongesha bua anyima?
25, 26. Mmitabuja kayi a bena Hindu atudi kabidi tusangana mu Buena-Sikh?
[Karte mu dibeji 10]
(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)
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Buena-Buddha buvua ne buenzeji mu Aziya yonso wa ku Est
[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 9]
Dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu didi tshipanda tshia Buena-Hindu
[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 11]
Pa kuikala ne nsombelu mumvuangane ne bukua-panu buonso, muena Tao udi uteta bua kulua wa tshiendelele
[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 12]
Confucius uvua wanyisha ntendelelu wa bankambua