Bantu batu bamba tshinyi bua tshitu tshienzeka kunyima kua lufu?
“Biafua muntu, neikale ne muoyo kabidi, anyi?”—YOBO 14:14.
1, 2. Mmunyi mudi bantu ba bungi bakeba busambi padibu bafuishe munangibue kampanda?
MU TSHIMENGA tshia New York (Ku États-Unis), mu nzubu kampanda wa dilongoluela bitalu kumpala kua dibijiika, mu tshimuma, balunda ne bena dîku badi bapita mu mulongo kumpala kua mushete mubulula muikale ne tshitalu tshia nsongalume wa bidimu 17. Mmushipa ne buana buonso kudi disama dia kansere. Ne binsonji ne kanyinganyinga kakole, mamuende udi wamba wambululula mêyi aa: “Patudi tuamba apa, Tomas udi ne disanka dia bungi. Nzambi uvua musue bua Tomas ikale nende mu diulu.” Ke tshidibu bamulongeshe.
2 Mutantshi wa kilometre bu 11 000 ne muaba eu, mu tshimenga tshia Jamnagar ku Inde, mukulumpe ku bana ba balume basatu udi utua mudilu ku tshisumbu tshia nkunyi bua kuosha tshitalu tshia tatuabu. Pavua mudilu utudika, Brahman (muakuidi muena Hindu) udi utenda bakishi mu tshiena-Sanskrit wamba ne: “Anyima utu kayi ufua atungunuke mu madikolela ende bua kulua tshintu tshimue ne bulelela bua ndekelu.”
3. Nkonko kayi idi bantu badiele munkatshi mua bipungu bivule?
3 Lelu’eu bantu badi bafua miaba yonso. (Lomo 5:12) Nanku ki mbibi bua tuetu kudiebeja bikala lufu ndekelu wa malu onso. Pavuaye welangana meji pa dilondangana dia muoyo wa bikunyibua, Yobo, musadidi wa kale uvua ne lulamatu kudi Yehowa Nzambi, wakamba ne: ‘Badi bamanye mua kutekemena [bua] mutshi ne: Biautapilabu kuinshi, neusampile kabidi, ne ntonga yawu kayena ilekela kusampila.’ Kadi bidi munyi bua bantu? Yobo wakebeja ne: “Biafua muntu, neikale ne muoyo kabidi, anyi?” (Yobo 14:7, 14) Munkatshi mua bipungu bivule, bantu ba miaba yonso mbadiele nkonko eyi: Tutu tutungunuka ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu anyi? Bituikala tutungunuka nawu, mmuoyo wa mushindu kayi? Ne ntshinyi tshitu bantu bamba ne bua tshinyi?
Tshiena-bualu tshimue, mmuenenu ya bungi
4. Ntshinyi tshidi bantu ba bitendelelu bishilangane bilongesha bua muoyo kunyima kua lufu?
4 Bena Kristo bavule ba ku dîna badi bamba ne: kunyima kua lufu, bantu batu baya mu diulu peshi mu inferno. Ku lunga luseke, bena Hindu badi bitabuja dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Bilondeshile ditabuja dia bena Islame (ba-Mizilman), nekuikale dituku dia dilumbuluisha kunyima kua lufu, dikala Allah (Nzambi) mua kukonkonona nsombelu wa muntu yonso ne kumufundila bua kuya mu mparadizu anyi mu inferno wa kadilu. Mu amue matunga, mitabuja adi atangila bafue atu asambakaja mu mushindu udi ukemesha bilele bia bankambua ne malongesha a Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna. Tshilejilu, mu ditunga dia Sri Lanka, bena Buddha ne bena Katolike batu bashiya biibi ne madidishi buashi padi muntu ufua, ne badi bateka mushete ne makasa a mufue matangija ku mushiku wa mbelu. Badi bela meji ne: dienza nenku didi dipepeja dipatuka dia spiritu anyi anyima wa mufue. Bena Katolike ne bena Mishonyi bavule ba mu Afrike wa ku Ouest batu ne tshibidilu tshia kubuikila mmuenu padi muntu ufua bua kabalu kutangilamu ne kumona spiritu wa eu udi mufue. Pashishe kunyima kua matuku 40, bena dîku ne balunda badi benza musekelelu wa dibanda dia anyima mu diulu.
5. Ndilongesha dinene kayi ditu bitendelelu bivule bitaba?
5 Nansha mudiku mitabuja aa kabukabu, bidi bimueneka ne: bitendelelu bivule bidi biumvuangana pa bualu bumue bua se: Tshintu kampanda munda mua muntu katshitu tshifua ne tshitu tshishala ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu lua mubidi—nansha batshibikile ne: anyima, spiritu anyi mukishi. Mu nkama ya bitendelelu ne tusumbu tuonso tua mu Bukua-buena-Kristo batu bayisha ne: anyima katu ufua to. Lungenyi elu lutu kabidi dilongesha dinene mu Buena-Yuda. Diodi ke tshishimikidi tshia dilongesha dia bena Hindu dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Ba-Mizilman batu bitabuja ne: anyima udi ushala ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu lua mubidi. Bena mu ditunga dia Australie, bena malu a kabukulu ba mu Afrike, bena Shinto, nansha bena Buddha, bonso badi balongesha malu a bungi mafuanangane pa tshiena-bualu etshi tshia dibenga dia anyima.
6. Mmunyi mudi bamue bamanyi bapiluke bamona lungenyi lua se: anyima katu ufua?
6 Ku lukuabu luseke, kudi bantu badi bamba ne: muoyo mulelela udi ushikila padi muntu ufua. Buabu buobu, kuamba ne: tshintu kampanda tshia muoyo tshidi ne dimanya ne meji tshidi tshishala, tshikale bu anyima udi kayi ne ngikadilu ya buntu, ne tshienze bu mundidimbi mutapuluke ne mubidi, kakuena kuleja meji nansha. Miguel de Unamuno, mumanyi mupiluke wa mu siekele wa 20 wa mu ditunga dia Espagne, wakafunda ne: “Kuitabuja dibenga kufua dia anyima nkujinga bua anyima ikale kayi ufua, kadi kujinga bualu ebu ne bukole buonso mu mushindu udi ufikisha muntu ku dipidia lungenyi lujalame ne ku dipanga meji.” Munkatshi mua bakuabu badi ne mmuenenu wa buena eu mudi bantu bashilangane bu mudi bena nkindi ba kale bamanyike bikole: Aristote ne Épicure, munganga Hippocrate, David Hume muena nkindi wa bena Écosse, Averroës mumanyi mupiluke wa bena Arabe, ne Jawaharlal Nehru, kavula-mbedi wa kumpala mu ditunga dia Inde kunyima kua dipanda.
7. Nkonko kayi ya mushinga pa dibenga kufua dia anyima itudi ne bua kuandamuna mpindieu?
7 Bu mututu tutuilangana ne mmuenenu eyi idi ibengangana, tudi ne bua kudiebeja ne: Tudi bushuwa ne anyima utu kayi ufua anyi? Bikala anyima kayi ufua bushuwa, kadi mmunyi mudi dilongesha edi dia dishima difike ku dibuela mu bitendelelu bipite bungi bidiku lelu’eu? Lungenyi elu ndufumine kuepi? Bidi bitukengela kupeta mandamuna malelela ne mashindame a nkonko eyi, bualu matuku etu atshilualua mmasuikilaku. (1 Kolinto 15:19) Kadi tuanjayi kumanya mushindu wakatuadija dilongesha edi dia dibenga kufua dia anyima.
Ntuadijilu wa dilongesha edi
8. Mmunyi muvua Socrate ne Platon batungunuje lungenyi lua se: anyima katu ufua?
8 Batu bangata Socrate ne Platon, bena nkindi ba mu siekele muitanu K.K.B. bu bavua munkatshi mua bantu ba kumpala bakapatula lungenyi lua se: anyima katu ufua to. Kadi ki mbuobu bavua bapatule lungenyi elu nansha. Tshidibi, buobu ke bakalulengeja ne kuluvuija dilongesha dia malu a nkindi. Nenku luakabanga kusankisha bamanyi ba mukanda ba mu tshikondo tshiabu ne tshia aba bakalua panyima pabu. Muanda udi nenku: bena tshitendelelu tshia Zoroastre ba mu Pelasa wa kale ne bena Ejipitu ba kumpala kuabu bavua pabu bitabuja dibenga kufua dia anyima. Kadi lukonko ludi se: Dilongesha edi ndifumine kuepi?
9. Nkuepi kuvua buenzeji buvua butangalake mu nshidimukilu ya kale ya bena Ejipitu, Pelasa ne bena Greke bufumine?
9 Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: “Kale, Ejipitu, Pelasa ne Grèce bakapeta buenzeji bua tshitendelelu tshia bena Babulona.” (The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria) Bua mitabuja a bena Ejipitu, mukanda eu udi utungunuka ne kuamba ne: “Pa kumona diumvuangana divuaku kale pankatshi pa Ejipitu ne Babulona, bu mudi malu mafunda pa tubaya tua ku El-Amarna aleja, bushuwa kuvua mishindu ya bungi bua mmuenenu ne bilele bia bena Babulona kubuelabi mu ntendelelu ya bena Ejipitu.”a Bidi kabidi bia muomumue bua nshidimukilu ya kale ya bena Pelasa ne bena Greke.
10. Mmuenenu kayi uvua nende bena Babulona bua muoyo kunyima kua lufu?
10 Kadi bena Babulona ba kale bavua bitabuja dibenga kufua dia anyima anyi? Bua muanda eu, Mulongeshi Morris Jastrow, wa mu Université wa ku Pennsylvanie, mu États-Unis, wakafunda ne: “Nansha bantu peshi bamfumu ba bitendelelu [ba mu Babulona] kabavuaku banji kuela meji ne: kudi mushindu wa kushipa kashidi tshintu tshimane kuikala ne muoyo. [Buabu buobu] lufu luvua njila udi ufikisha ku muoyo wa mushindu mukuabu, ne kupanga kuitaba dibenga kufua [dia muoyo wa mpindieu] kuvua patupu kuleja mudi muntu kayi mua kuepuka dishintuluka dia muoyo dikebesha kudi lufu.” Bushuwa, bena Babulona bavua bitabuja ne: muoyo wa mushindu kampanda uvua utungunuka kunyima kua lufu. Ke bua tshinyi bavua bajiika bafue ne bintu bia kuenza nabi mudimu ku bajangi.
11, 12. Kunyima kua Mvula munene, mmuaba kayi wakatuadijila dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima?
11 Bushuwa, dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima ndituadije mu Babulona wa kale. Bualu ebu budi ne mushinga anyi? Budi nawu, bualu bilondeshile Bible, tshimenga tshia Babela anyi Babulona tshivua tshiasa kudi Nimeloda, muana wa muikulu wa Noa. Kunyima kua Mvula munene wa buloba bujima mu matuku a Noa, bantu bonso bavua ne muakulu umue ne tshitendelelu tshimue. Nimeloda kavua anu “tshilembi tshikole ku mesu kua Yehowa,” kadi yeye ne bantu bavua bamulonda bavua basue ‘kuikala ne dîna dia butumbi.’ Nenku pa kuasa tshimenga ne pa kuibaka tshibumba etshi, Nimeloda wakabangisha tshitendelelu tshikuabu.—Genese 10:1, 6, 8-10; 11:1-4.
12 Batu bamba ne: Nimeloda wakafua lufu lubi. Mbia meji bua kuamba ne: kunyima kua lufu luende, bena Babulona bakadiumvua basakibue bua kumupesha lumu lua bungi bu muashi, muibaki ne mukalenge wa kumpala wa tshimenga tshiabu. Bu muvuabu bangata nzambi Mardouk (Merodak) bu muashi wa Babulona, ne bakalenge ba bungi bakadiamu bumfumu bangate mene dîna diende, bamue bamanyi bapiluke badi bamba ne: Mardouk n’Nimeloda muvuija nzambi. (2 Bakelenge 25:27; Yeshaya 39:1; Yelemiya 50:2) Bikala bualu ebu bulelela, lungenyi lua se: muntu udi ne anyima udi ushala ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu luvua ne bua kuikala lutangalake pamu’apa mu tshikondo tshiakafua Nimeloda. Mu mishindu yonso, mikanda ya malu a kale idi ileja ne: kunyima kua Mvula munene, dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima diakatuadijila mu Babela anyi mu Babulona.
13. Mmunyi muvua dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima ditangalake pa buloba bujima, ne kuakapatuka tshipeta kayi?
13 Pashishe Bible udi uleja ne: Nzambi wakapumbishisha madikolela a bibaki ba tshibumba tshia Babela pa kutompakaja muakulu wabu. Bu muvuabu kabayi mua kumvuangana kabidi, bakalekela mudimu wabu ne bakabatangalaja ‘pa buloba buonso.’ (Genese 11:5-9) Tudi ne bua kumanya se: nansha muvuabu bashintulule muakulu wa bantu aba bavua mua kuikala bibaki ba tshibumba, meji ne malongesha abu kabivua bishintuluke nansha. Nanku, bakaya ne mitabuja abu muaba wonso wakayabu. Mushindu’eu ke wakatangalaka malongesha a ntendelelu wa bena Babulona pa buloba—ne dia dibenga kufua dia anyima—ne wakaluawu tshishimikidi tshia bitendelelu binene. Ke muakenzeka nsangilu wa bitendelelu bia dishima bia buloba bujima nanku. Mbiakanyine mudi Bible ubikila nsangilu eu ne: “Babilone Munene, mamu wa bakaji bena buendenda ne wa buenzavi bua pa buloba.”—Mamanyisha 17:5, MMM.
Nsangilu wa bitendelelu bia dishima bia buloba bujima udi utangalaka ku Est
14. Mmunyi muakatangalaka mitabuja a bena Babulona mu tshitupa tshia ku Inde?
14 Bamue bafundi ba malu a kale badi bamba ne: kukadi bidimu bipite pa 3 500, batoke babikila ne: ba-Aryen bavua bafumine ku Nord-Ouest bakalua mu tshimuangi tshinene ne kuasa mu Tshibanda tshia musulu wa Indus, tshidi mpindieu nangananga mu ditunga dia Pakistan ne dia Inde. Kubangila kuine aku, bakatangalaka mu mpata ya Musulu wa Gange ne mu Inde mujima. Bamue bamanyi bapiluke badi bamba ne: mitabuja a bena tshimuangi aba avua mashindamene pa malongesha a kale a bena Iran ne bena Babulona. Nenku mitabuja aa akalua nshindamenu wa buena-Hindu.
15. Mmunyi muakafika lungenyi lua dibenga kufua dia anyima ku dikala ne buenzeji pa Buena-Hindu bua lelu’eu?
15 Mu Inde, lungenyi lua dibenga kufua dia anyima luakalua dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Bena meji ba mu tshitendelelu tshia bena Hindu, bavua baluangana ne tshilumbu tshivua miaba yonso tshia bubi ne makenga mu bantu, bakafika ku tshidibu babikila ne: mukenji wa Karma, mukenji wa tshiledi tshia bualu ne tshipeta tshiabu. Mu disambakaja mukenji eu ne ditabuja dia dibenga kufua dia anyima, bakapatula dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Bilondeshile dilongesha edi, malu mimpe ne malu mabi a mu muoyo umue badi baapetela difutu anyi dinyoka mu muoyo udi ulonda. Moksha ke tshipatshila tshia muena kuitabuja, anyi dipikudibua ku diledibua njila ne njila ne kudisangisha ne tshidibu babikila ne: bulelela bua ndekelu peshi Nirvana. Mu siekele mivule, Buena-Hindu buvua buenda butangalaka diatshimue ne dilongesha edi dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Ne dilongesha edi ndilue nshindamenu wa Buena-Hindu bua lelu’eu.
16. Ndilongesha kayi didi diakula bua ku bafue diakafika ku dikala ne buenzeji pa bitendelelu ne bilele bia bantu ba bungi mu Asia wa ku Est?
16 Buena-Hindu mbulele bitendelelu bikuabu bu mudi Buena-Buddha, Buena-Jaïn ne Buena-Sikh. Biobi pabi bidi bitabuja dilongesha dia dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Kabidi, pakabuela Buena-Buddha mu matunga mavule a ku Asia wa ku Est—Chine, Japon ne miaba mikuabu—buakashintulula bikole nshidimukilu ne tshitendelelu tshia tshitupa atshi tshionso. Kuakapatuka bitendelelu bidi ne mitabuja masambakajangana, mangatshila mu Buena-Buddha, mu ntendelelu wa nyuma mibi ne wa bankambua. Buena-Tao, Buena-Confucius ne Shinto ke bitendelelu bia buenzeji bua bungi munkatshi muabi. Mushindu’eu ke udi ditabuja dia se: muoyo udi utungunuka kunyima kua lufu lua mubidi dikuate muaba mu mitabuja ne bilele bia bantu ba bungi mu tshitupa atshi tshia buloba.
Netuambe tshinyi bua Buena-Yuda, Bukua-buena-Kristo ne Islame?
17. Ntshinyi tshivua bena Yuda ba kale bitabuja bua muoyo kunyima kua lufu?
17 Ntshinyi tshitu bantu badi mu bitendelelu bia Buena-Yuda, Bukua-buena-Kristo, ne Islame (ba-Mizilman) bamba bua muoyo kunyima kua lufu? Ku bionso ebi, Buena-Yuda ke tshitendelelu tshia kale menemene. Tshidiku biangatshile mu matuku a Abalahama kukadi bidimu bu 4 000—kumpala mene kua Socrate ne Platon kulengejabu dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima. Bena Yuda ba kale bavua buobu bitabuja dibiishibua dia bafue, ki ndibenga kufua dia muntu nansha. (Matayo 22:31, 32; Ebelu 11:19) Kadi mmunyi muakabuela dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima mu Buena-Yuda? Miyuki ya kale idi ifila diandamuna.
18, 19. Mmunyi muakabuela dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima mu Buena-Yuda?
18 Mu 332 K.B.B., Mukalenge Alexandre Munene wakafika ku dikokesha Moyen-Orient, ne Yelushalema. Bu muvua bantu bakapingana Alexandre batungunuke ne kampanye kende ka kulongesha bantu malu ne bilele bia bena Greke, nshidimukilu ibidi yakasambakana, wa bena Greke ne wa bena Yuda. Mu bungi bua matuku, bena Yuda bakalua kuibidilangana ne ngenyi ya bena Greke, ne bamue mene bakalua bena nkindi.
19 Philon wa ku Alesandelia—mu siekele wa kumpala B.B.—uvua muena Yuda wakalua muena nkindi. Uvua utumbisha Platon bikole ne udienzeja bua kumvuija Buena-Yuda ne miaku ya nkindi ya bena Greke. Nenku wakunzulula njila bua bena meji ba bena Yuda bakalonda. Ngenyi ya bena Greke ivua kabidi ne buenzeji pa Talmud, mikanda ya mumvuija a mikenji ya mukana mifunda kudi ba-rabbi. Tshibungu kampanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Ba-rabbi ba mu Talmud bavua bitabuja ditungunuka dia anyima ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu.” (Encyclopaedia Judaica) Pashishe, mikanda ya bena Yuda ya malu a majimbu, bu mudi Kabbale, idi mene ifika ku dilongesha dibuela mu mubidi mukuabu kunyima kua lufu. Nanku lungenyi lua dibenga kufua dia anyima luakabuela mu Buena-Yuda ku buenzeji bua nkindi ya bena Greke. Kadi ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua dibuela dia dilongesha edi mu Bukua-buena-Kristo?
20, 21. (a) Mmunyi muvua bena Kristo ba kumpala bangata nkindi ya Platon peshi ya bena Greke? (b) Ntshinyi tshiakafikisha ngenyi ya Platon ku disambakana ne malongesha a bena Kristo?
20 Buena-Kristo bulelela buakatuadija ne Yezu Kristo. Miguel de Unamuno, mumana kutela ku ntuadijilu eku, wakafunda bua Yezu ne: “Uvua witabuja dibiishibua dia mubidi bilondeshile tshibidilu tshia bena Yuda. Kadi kavua witabuja dibenga kufua dia anyima bilondeshile nkindi ya Platon [ya bena Greke] nansha.” Wakakoma ne: “Dibenga kufua dia anyima . . . ndilongesha dia nkindi dia bampangano.” Bua bualu ebu, tudi mua kumvua bua tshinyi mupostolo Paulo wakambila bena Kristo ba mu siekele wa kumpala bua badimukile ‘[“nkindi,” NW] bikole ne meji a tshianana a dishima, afuma ku ngenyi ya bantu ne malu a panu adi kaayi a Kristo.’—Bena Kolose 2:8, MMM.
21 Kadi ndîba kayi ne mmunyi muvua “dilongesha [edi] dia nkindi dia bampangano” dibuele mu Bukua-buena-Kristo? Mukanda kampanda udi umvuija ne: “Kubangila munkatshi mua siekele muibidi B.B., bena Kristo bakavua ne dimanya kampanda dia nkindi ya bena Greke bakatuadija kumvua dijinga dia kujikula ditabuja diabu ne miaku ya nkindi eyi, bua kusankisha meji abu ne bua kumona mua kufikisha bampangano bavua balonge ku ditaba Buena-Yuda. Nkindi ivua itamba kubasankisha ivua ya Platon.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Origène wa ku Alesandelia ne Augustin wa ku Hippone ke bena nkindi babidi ba kale bavua ne buenzeji bukole pa malongesha a Bukua-buena-Kristo. Ngenyi ya Platon ivua ne buenzeji kudibu ne bavua bafike ku disambakajija ngenyi eyi ne malongesha a bena Kristo.
22. Mmunyi mudi dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima dishale ne muaba munene mu Islame?
22 Nansha mudi lungenyi lua dibenga kufua dia anyima lubuele mu Buena-Yuda ne mu Bukua-buena-Kristo ku buenzeji bua Platon, dilongesha edi diakabuela mu ba-Mizilman anu ku ntuadijilu kuende. Coran, mukanda munsantu wa ba-Mizilman, udi ulongesha ne: muntu udi ne anyima utu utungunuka ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu. Udi wakula bua difutu dia ndekelu difundila anyima: muoyo mu budimi bua mparadizu mu diulu anyi dinyoka mu inferno wa kadilu. Ki mbuena kuamba ne: bashikuluji bena Arabe ki mbatete bua kusambakaja malongesha a ba-Mizilman ne nkindi ya bena Greke nansha. Bushuwa, mu bualabale kampanda, ngenyi ya muena nkindi Aristote ivua ne buenzeji kudi bena Arabe. Nansha nanku, dibenga kufua dia anyima ndishale ditabuja dia ba-Mizilman.
23. Nkonko kayi idi itangila muoyo kunyima kua lufu ituandamuna mu tshiena-bualu tshidi tshilonda?
23 Bushuwa, bitendelelu bia pa buloba bujima mbienze malongesha makondakane adi akula bua ku bafue, mashindamene pa dilongesha dia se: anyima katu ufua nansha. Malongesha aa adi ne buenzeji bukole kudi bantu miliyo mivule ne mmabakuate ku bupika. Bu mutudi kumpala kua bionso ebi, tudi ne bua kudiebeja ne: Kudiku mushindu wa kumanya bulelela pa tshidi tshitufikila patudi tufua anyi? Kutu muoyo kunyima kua lufu anyi? Ntshinyi tshidi Bible wamba bua bualu ebu? Ke tshituamona mu tshiena-bualu tshidi tshilonda.
[Mêyi adi kuinshi]
a El-Amarna mmuaba udi bishadila bia tshimenga tshia Akhetaton mu Ejipitu, ne badi bamba ne: tshimenga etshi ntshiasa mu siekele wa 14 K.B.B.
Udi mua kumvuija anyi?
◻ Ntshiena-bualu kayi tshimuepele tshidi tshitangalake mu malongesha mavule a bitendelelu bua muoyo kunyima kua lufu?
◻ Mmunyi mudi miyuki ya kale ne Bible bifunkuna Babulona wa kale bu muaba wakatuadijila dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima?
◻ Mmu mushindu kayi muvua dilongesha dia bena Babulona dia dibenga kufua dia anyima dikale ne buenzeji pa bitendelelu bia ku Est?
◻ Mmunyi muakabuela dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima mu Buena-Yuda, mu Bukua-buena-Kristo ne mu Islame?
[Bimfuanyi mu mabeji 12, 13]
Ditshimuna dia Alexandre Munene diakafikisha nshidimukilu wa bena Greke ne wa bena Yuda ku disambakana
Augustin wakakeba bua kusambakaja nkindi ya Platon ne Buena-Kristo
[Mêyi a dianyisha]
Alexandre: Musei Capitolini, ku Lomo; Augustin: biangatshila mu mukanda wa Great Men and Famous Women