Dibenga kufua dia anyima: Ntuadijilu wa dilongesha edi

“Kakuena tshiena-bualu tshidi tshitangila muoyo wa muntu udi kauyi wa mu mubidi tshidi tshimueleshishe meji bikole bu mudi etshi tshia ngikadilu wende kunyima kua lufu.” —“ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGION AND ETHICS.”

MBAFUNDE mushikuluji kampanda wa bidimu 70 ne mulongeshi bua dipanga kunemeka Nzambi ne dinyanga ngenyi ya bansonga ku dilongesha diende. Nansha mudiye udilumbuluila bimpe padibu bamulumbuluisha, kasumbu ka banzuji kamane kumuelela ngenyi mibi kadi kamupisha ne kamukosela tshibawu tshia lufu. Mêba makese kumpala kua kumushipabu, mulongeshi eu mukulakaje udi upesha balongi badi bamunguile mulongolongo wa bijadikilu bua kushindika ne: anyima katu ufua, ne se: lufu ki ndua kutshina.

² Muntu eu mupisha n’Socrate, muena nkindi wa bena Greke muende lumu, wa mu siekele muitanu K.B.B.a Mulongi wende Platon wakafunda malu onso aa mu mukanda wa Apologie ne wa Phédon. Socrate ne Platon mbabala munkatshi mua bantu ba kumpala bakafila lungenyi lua se: anyima katu ufua to. Kadi ki mbuobu bavua bapatule dilongesha edi to.

³ Anu bu mutuamona, miji ya lungenyi elu lua muoyo wa bantu ukena ufua mmituadije mu bikondo bia kale menemene. Kadi, Socrate ne Platon ke bakalubuluja lungenyi elu ne kulukudimuna mu dilongesha dia malu a nkindi, nenku kuluvuijabu lutamba kusankisha nsangilu ya bantu bashidimuke ba mu matuku abu ne a pashishe.

Kubangila kudi Pythagore too ne ku piramide

⁴ Bena Greke ba kumpala kua Socrate ne Platon bavua pabu bitabuja ne: anyima utu anu ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu. Pythagore, mumanyi wa makumi wa bena Greke muende lumu, wa mu siekele muisambombo K.B.B., wakamba ne: anyima katu ufua ne utu umuangala. Kumpala kuende, Thalès wa ku Milet, udibu belela meji ne: ke muena nkindi mumanyike wa kumpalampala wa bena Greke, uvua ne meji a se: anyima utu kayi ufua udi ki ng’anu munda mua muntu, mu nyama ne mu mitshi, kadi ne mu bintu bu mudi biamu bidi bikoka bikuabu, bualu bidi mua kunyungisha tshiamu tshikuabu. Bena Greke ba kale bavua bamba muvua anyima ya bafue bayisambuisha musulu wa Styx batangile nayi ku muaba mualabale wa muinshi mua buloba mubikila ne: musoko wa bafue. Kuine aku, banzuji bavua bafundila anyima eyi makenga mu buloko bua bimanu bilebile, anyi masanka mu Elysée.

⁵ Mu ditunga dia Iran, peshi Perse, ku Est, muprofete kampanda dîna diende Zoroastre wakamueneka mu tshialu mu siekele wa muanda-mutekete K.B.B. Wakabangisha ntendelelu wakalua kumanyika bu Buena-Zoroastre. Etshi tshivua tshitendelelu tshia Ampire wa bena Perse, uvua ne buenzeji pa buloba bujima kumpala kua Grèce kuluaye bukokeshi bunene. Mifundu ya Buena-Zoroastre idi yamba ne: “Mu Muoyo ukena kufua anyima wa Muakane neashale kashidi mu Disanka, kadi anyima wa Muena mashimi neashale mu makenga bushuwa. Ne Mikenji eyi Ahura Mazda [mmumue ne: “nzambi wa meji”] mmuyele ku diambuluisha dia bukokeshi Buende bua bumfumu.”

⁶ Dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima divua kabidi mu tshitendelelu tshia bena Iran tshia kumpala kua Zoroastre. Tshilejilu, bisa bia kale bia mu Iran bivua bitabalela anyima ya bafue pa kupesha bafue biakudia ne bilamba bivua ne bua kubakuatshisha ku bafue.

⁷ Ditabuja dia muoyo kunyima kua lufu divua dia mushinga mukole mu tshitendelelu tshia bena Ejipitu. Bena Ejipitu bavua bamba ne: anyima wa muntu mufue uvua ne bua kulumbuluishibua kudi Osiris, nzambi mfumu wa ku bafue. Tshilejilu, mukanda kampanda mufunda pa nyandu udibu bamba ne: ng’wa mu siekele wa 14 K.B.B. udi uleja Anubis, nzambi wa bafue, utuala anyima wa muskribe Hunefer kumpala kua Osiris. Pa bipiminu bibidi, badi bapima bujitu bua mutshima wa muskribe eu, udi uleja kuondo kende ka muoyo, pa kuwelekeja ne disala didi nzambi-mukaji wa bulelela ne buakane muase ku mutu wende. Thoth, nzambi mukuabu, udi ufunda bipeta. Bu mudi mutshima wa Hunefer kauyi munême bujitu ne dipila, udi ne bujitu bushadile ku bua disala, ne badi banyishila Hunefer bua kubuela mu muaba udi Osiris ne upeta muoyo ukena kufua. Mukanda eu udi kabidi uleja tshikaji tshikulu tshimane pabuipi ne bipiminu, tshidiakaje bua kudia mufue padi mutshima upangila ku diteta. Bena Ejipitu bavua kabidi buumisha bitalu bia bafue babu ne bavua balama mibidi ya ba-faraone mu piramide minene (bibakilu binene bia matumba asatu asatu), bualu bavua bela meji ne: lupandu lua anyima luvua lusuikila ku dilama dia mubidi.

⁸ Nenku, nshidimukilu kabukabu ya kale ivua yonso ne dilongesha dimue—dibenga kufua dia anyima. Bavua bapetele dilongesha edi ku mpokolo umue-umue anyi?

Kudi dilongesha edi difumine

⁹ Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: “Mu bulongolodi bua kale, Ejipitu, Perse ne Grèce bakapeta buenzeji bua tshitendelelu tshia bena Babilone.” Mukanda eu udi utungunuka ne kumvuija ne: “Pa kumona dipetangana dia ku kale pankatshi pa Ejipitu ne Babilone, bu mudibi bisokolola kudi tubaya tufunda tua ku El-Amarna, bushuwa kuvua mpunga mivulavulayi bua mmuenenu ne bilele bia bena Babilone kubuelabi mu ntendelelu ya bena Ejipitu. Mu Perse, ntendelelu wa Mithra udi usokolola buenzeji kabuyi kuela mpata bua ngenyi ya bena Babilone . . . Disambakaja dikole dia malongesha a bena Seme mu mianu ya kale ya bena Greke ne mu ntendelelu ya mu Grèce badi baditaba bikole mpindieu kudi bashikuluji mu mushindu udibi kabiyi bilomba kabidi mumvuija makuabu. Tshitupa tshinene tshia malongesha aa a bena Seme ntshifumine nangananga kudi bena Babilone.”b—The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria.

¹⁰ Kadi mmuenenu wa bena Babilone wa tshidi tshienzeka kunyima kua lufu kêna mushilangane bikole ne eu wa bena Ejipitu, bena Perse, ne bena Greke anyi? Tshilejilu, tangila Kasala ka Gilgamesh ka bena Babilone. Gilgamesh, tshilobo tshia bidimu bia bungi tshia mu kasala aka, mutatshisha dîba dionso kudi bualu bulelela ebu bua lufu, udi uditua mu dikeba muoyo ukena kufua kadi udi upangila bua kuupeta. Nsongakaji mutuadi wa mvinyo udiye usambakena nende mu luendu luende udi umukankamija mene bua kusankidila bikole muoyo udiye nawu mpindieu, bualu kakupeta muoyo udi kauyi ne ndekelu udiye ukeba. Mukenji udi mu kasala aka kajima ng’wa se: lufu kaluena kuepuka, ne ditekemena dia muoyo ukena kufua ndungenyi lua tshidingishilu. Bualu ebu budi bulejaku ne: bena Babilone kabavua ne ditabuja mu Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu anyi?

¹¹ Mulongeshi Morris Jastrow, Jr., wa mu Université wa Pennsylvanie, mu États-Unis, wakafunda ne: “Katshia bantu ne baludiki ba ngenyi ya malu a ntendelelu [ba mu Babilone] kabavuaku bamona mushindu uvua dibutuka dijima dia tshivua ne muoyo kumpala mua kuenzeka. Lufu [ku dimona diabu] luvua njila wa kupitshila ku muoyo wa mushindu mukuabu, ne divila dia muoyo ukena kufua divua dishindika patupu mushindu uvua dishintuluka mu dikalaku dituala kudi lufu kadiyi mua kuepukibua.” Eyowa, bena Babilone bavua pabu bitabuja ne: muoyo wa mushindu kampanda, nansha wa mubidi kayi, uvua utungunuka kunyima kua lufu. Bavua baleja bualu ebu pa kujiika bafue ne bintu bivuabu mua kukuata nabi mudimu mu Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu.

¹² Kakuyi mpata, dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima didi disanganyibua too ne mu tshikondo tshia Babilone wa kale. Bilondeshile Bible, mukanda wa malu a kale majalame, tshimenga tshia Babele, peshi Babilone, tshivua tshiasa kudi Nimerode, muana wa muikulu wa Nowa.c Panyima pa Mvula munene wa buloba bujima wa mu matuku a Nowa, kuvua muakulu anu umue ne tshitendelelu anu tshimue. Mu diasa tshimenga atshi ne mu diibaka tshibumba muaba au, Nimerode wakabangisha tshitendelelu tshikuabu. Muyuki wa mu Bible udi uleja ne: kunyima kua dikondakana dia miakulu ku Babele, bantu abu bakapangila kuasa tshibumba etshi bakatangalaka ne bakenza ntuadijilu mipiamipia, kuyabu pamue ne tshitendelelu tshiabu. (Genese 10:6-10; 11:4-9) Ke muakatangalaka malongesha a ntendelelu wa bena Babilone pa buloba.

¹³ Bilondeshile mutubu bamba, Nimerode wakafua lufu lua tshinyangu. Panyima pa lufu luende bena Babilone bavua mua kubimona bia lungenyi bua kumunemeka bikole bu muashi, muibaki ne mukalenge wa kumpala wa tshimenga tshiabu. Bu muvuabu bangata nzambi Marduk (Merodach) bu muashi wa Babilone, bamue bashikuluji mbafile lungenyi lua se: Marduk udi uleja muine Nimerode eu muvuija nzambi. Nenku, bikalabi nanku, lungenyi lua se: muntu udi ne anyima udi utungunuka ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu luvua ne bua kuikala lutangalake pabuipi ne mu tshikondo tshia lufu lua Nimerode. Mu mishindu yonso, miyuki ya malu a kale idi isokolola ne: kunyima kua Mvula munene, Babele, peshi Babilone, ke muaba uvua dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima diledibue.

¹⁴ Kadi, mmunyi muakalua dilongesha edi kudiunda mu bitendelelu bivule bia mu tshikondo tshietu etshi? Tshitupa tshidi tshilonda netshikonkonone dibuela diadi mu bitendelelu bia bena ku Est.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Nkonko ya dilonga]

1-3. Mmunyi muakalubuluja Socrate ne Platon lungenyi lua se: anyima katu ufua?

4. Kumpala kua Socrate, mmuenenu kayi ivua nayi bena Greke pa Muoyo wa kunyima kua panu?

5, 6. Mmunyi muvua bena Perse bangata anyima?

7, 8. Ntshinyi tshivua bena Ejipitu ba kale bitabuja pa ditungunuka ne kuikala ne muoyo dia anyima kunyima kua lufu lua mubidi?

9. Ntshitendelelu kayi tshivua ne buenzeji mu bulongolodi bua kale mu Ejipitu, mu Perse, ne mu Grèce?

10, 11. Bena Babilone bavua ne mmuenenu kayi pa bidi bitangila muoyo kunyima kua lufu?

12-14. (a) Kunyima kua Mvula munene, mmuaba kayi wakaledibua dilongesha dia dibenga kufua dia anyima? (b) Mmunyi muakatangalaka dilongesha edi pa buloba bujima?

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 6]

Mmuenenu wa bena Ejipitu wa anyima ku bafue

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 7]

Socrate wakamba kushindika ne: anyima katu ufua