Ditekemena dilenga bua anyima

BASALAYI bena Roma kabavua batekemene bipeta bia nunku. Mu dibuela diabu dia tshintuluntulu mu lumbu lua Masada luashila pa mukuna, muaba-mukolesha wa ndekelu wa biluilu bia bantomboji bena Yuda, bavua badilongolole bua kubunda baluishi babu ne tshikisu, bua mbila miela kudi baluanganyi ba mvita, bua miadi mikobola kudi bakaji ne bana. Pamutu pabi, bakumvua amu ditudika dia ndimi ya kapia. Mu dikenketa diabu dia muaba-mukolesha eu uvua wenda woshika, bena Roma bakalua kumanya bulelela bukuate buôwa: baluishi babu​—bantu batue ku 960—​bakavua bamane kufua! Mu mushindu mulongolola, bena mvita ba bena Yuda bakavua bashipe muntu diende dîku, ne pashishe kushipanganabu buobu bine. Muntu wa ndekelu wakadishipa nkayende.a Ntshinyi tshivua tshibafikishe ku dishipangana mu tshi-bungi dikuate buôwa nunku ne ku didishipa?

Bilondeshile muena malu a kale wa mu tshikondo atshi Josèphe, bualu bunene buvua bua ditabuja mu anyima ukena ufua. Eleazar Ben Jair, mfumu wa ba-Zelote mu Masada, wakateta bangabanga bua kufikisha bantu bende ku dianyisha se: didishipa divua ne bua kuikala bualu bua bunême kupita lufu anyi bupika bua ku bianza bia bena Roma. Pa kubamona belakana, wakaditua mu diakula ne tshisumi tshikole pa bidi bitangila anyima. Wakabambila ne: mubidi uvua amu tshintu tshia patupu, buloko bua anyima. “Kadi, padiye mumane kulekedibua ku bujitu budi bumukoka too ne ku buloba ne mumane kupatukamu,” ke muakatungunukaye, “anyima udi upingana ku muaba wende, apu mu bulelela udi upeta bukole bubenesha ne makanda akena ndekelu, pa kushala kayi umueneka ku mêsu kua bantu anu bu mudi Nzambi Yeye muine.”

Diandamuna? Josèphe udi ulonda ne: pakamana Eleazar kuakula mu luidi elu mu bule ne mu butshiama, “bamuteleji bonso bakamukosa ku dîyi ne, bapie batême kabayi kukanda, bakatuadija kuenza tshienzedi etshi ne lukasa.” Josèphe udi usakidila ne: “Amu bu bantu bakuate kudi nyuma mibi, bakaya lubilu, muntu ne muntu uvua uzuka bua kuenza lukasa kupita mukuabu, . . . dijinga dia mushindu’eu kadiyi kukanuna diakabakuata bua kushipa bakaji babu, bana babu, ne kudishipa buobu bine.”

Tshilejilu etshi tshikuate buôwa tshidi tshiambuluisha amu bua kumvuija mushindu muondoke udi dilongesha edi dia anyima ukena ufua mua kunyanga mmuenenu wa muntu wa pa tshibidilu pa bidi bitangila lufu. Bena kuitabuja ba dilongesha edi mbabalongeshe bua kuangata lufu, ki mbu muluishi mutambe bubi wa muntu, kadi bu tshiibi tshinene patupu tshidi tshipetesha anyima budikadidi bua kupeta muoyo mupite kutumbuka. Kadi bua tshinyi ba-Zelote bena Yuda abu bakitabuja malu a mushindu’eu? Bavule badi mua kuela meji ne: mikanda yabu minsantu, Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, idi ilongesha ne: muntu udi ne spiritu kampanda munda muende udi mumanye malu, anyima kansanga udi upanduka bua kuikala ne muoyo kunyima kua lufu. Bidi nanku bushuwa anyi?

Anyima mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu

Mu tshikoso, kabiena nanku to. Anu mu mukanda wa kumpala mene wa mu Bible, Genese, mbatuambile ne: anyima ki ntshintu kampanda tshiudi natshi, kadi ntshintu ntshiudi mene. Tudi tubala pa bidi bitangila difukibua dia Adama, muntu wa kumpala ne: “Muntu wakalua anyima udi ne muoyo.” (Genese 2:7, NW) Muaku wa tshiena-Ebelu mutumika nawu muab’eu bua anyima, neʹphesh, udi umueneka misangu mipite pa 700 mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, kawena ufila nansha musangu umue lungenyi lua tshitupa kampanda tshia muntu, tshitapuluke, tshikena tshia pa buloba, tshia mu nyuma. Bishilangane, anyima udi tshintu tshidi mua kulengibua, tshisunguluke, tshikale ne mubidi.

Keba mvese mitela idi ilonda eyi mu Bible webe, bualu muaku wa tshiena-Ebelu neʹphesh udi usanganyibua mu mvese yonso eyi. Idi ileja patoke se: anyima udi mua kuakama lutatu, njiwu, ne kukuatshibua mene ku bukole (Dutelonome 24:7; Balumbuluishi 9:17; 1 Samuele 19:11); udi mua kulenga bintu (Yobo 6:7); udi mua kuedibua mu nkanu (Musambu wa 105:18); kukengela biakudia, kubungamijibua kudi dipanga dia biakudia, ne kufua tshipuka bua nzala ne nyota; ne kukenga bua disama kampanda dijikiji dia makanda anyi mene ku dipanga kulala difumina ku kanyinganyinga. (Dutelonome 12:20; Misambu 35:13; 69:10; 106:15; 107:9; 119:28) Mu mêyi makuabu, bu mudi anyima webe muikale wewe, tshiudi wewe muine, anyima webe udi mua kumvua tshintu kayi tshionso tshiudi mua kumvua.b

Nunku, abi bidiku biumvuija ne: anyima udi mua kufua bushuwa anyi? Eyowa. Kabayi bakula bualu buayi bu ikena ifua, mbakule bua anyima ya bantu mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu bu idi ‘yumbushibua,’ peshi ishipibua, bua tshilema kampanda, pa kututshibua bia lufu, kushipibua, kubutudibua, ne kusunsudibua. (Ekesode 31:14; Dutelonome 19:6; 22:26; Musambu wa 7:2) “Anyima udi wenza mpekatu​—yeye muine neafue,” ke mudi Yehezekele 18:4 wamba. (NW) Mbimueneke patoke se: lufu ludi nshikidilu mumanyike wa anyima ya bantu, bu mutudi tuetu bonso tuenza mpekatu. (Musambu wa 51:5) Muntu wa kumpala, Adama, bakamuambila ne: dinyoka dia mpekatu divua lufu​—ki nditentemunyibua mu miaba ya ba-spiritu ne ikena ya lufu. (Genese 2:17) Ne pakenzaye mpekatu, bakamukosela tshibawu etshi: “Bualu udi lupuishi ne neupingane ku lupuishi.” (Genese 3:19, NW) Pakafua Adama ne Eva, bakalua amu tshidi Bible utela bu ‘anyima mipituke’ peshi ‘anyima mifue.’​—Nomba 5:2; 6:6, NW.

Kabiena bitamba kukemesha mudi tshibungu tshia The Encyclopedia Americana tshiamba bua anyima mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne: “Lungenyi lua muntu wa mu Tshiovo tshia Kale ng’elu lua buobumue, ki ndisuikakana dia anyima ne mubidi.” Tshidi tshisakidila ne: “Nefesh . . . katshia ki mmuangata bu udi utumika mutapulukangane ne mubidi.”

Nunku, bena Yuda ba lulamatu bavua bitabuja ne: lufu ntshinyi? Mu ngakuilu mutokesha, bavua bitabuja ne: lufu ndibenga kuikala ne muoyo. Musambu wa 146:4 (NW) udi wamba tshidi tshienzeka padi spiritu, peshi bukole bua muoyo, upatuka mu mubidi wa muntu: “Spiritu wende udi upatuka, yeye udi upingana ku buloba buende; mu dine dituku adi, ngenyi yende idi ijimina.”c Bia muomumue, Mukalenge Solomo wakafunda ne: “bafue ki mbamanye kabidi bualu nansha bumue.”​—Ntoyi 9:5, MMM.

Nunku, bua tshinyi bena Yuda bavule ba mu siekele wa kumpala, bu mudi ba-Zelote ba ku Masada, bavua batambe kutuishibua nunku bua dibenga kufua dia anyima?

Buenzeji bua bena Greke

Bena Yuda bakapetela lungenyi elu kudi bena Greke, ki mmu Bible to. Pankatshi pa siekele wa muanda-mutekete ne muitanu K.B.B., mbimueneke se: lungenyi elu lukavua luende kumbukila ku bibidilu bia ntendelelu bia bena Greke ne kubuela mu nkindi yabu. Lungenyi lua dikalaku kunyima kua lufu muaba uvua anyima mibi ne bua kupeta difutu dia dikenga lukavua lumane kukoka ntema ya bungi mutantshi mule, ne lungenyi elu luakela miji e kutangalakalu. Bena nkindi bavua bakokangana kakuyi dishikila pa ngikadilu mene wa anyima. Homer uvua wamba ne: anyima uvua wongoloka lukasa dîba dia lufu, pa kuela mukungulu mutue, mumvuike bu wa lubulubulu. Épicure wakamba ne: anyima uvua bushuwa ne bujitu, ne nunku, uvua mubidi mutambe bukese menemene.d

Kadi pamu’apa mulambishi mutambe bunene wa dilongesha dia anyima ukena ufua uvua muena nkindi wa bena Greke Platon, wa mu siekele muinayi K.B.B. Diumvuija diende dia lufu lua mulongeshi wende, Socrate, didi disokolola mitabuja mafuanangane bikole ne a ba-Zelote ba ku Masada ba mu siekele mivule kunyima. Anu bu mudi mushikuluji Oscar Cullmann wamba, “Platon udi utuleja mushindu udi Socrate uya ku lufu luende mu ditalala ne diikisha bipuangane. Lufu lua Socrate ndufu lulengele. Kakuena bualu bua ditshina dia lufu muaba eu. Socrate kêna mua kutshina lufu, bualu ludi bushuwa lutupikula ku mubidi. . . . Lufu mmulunda munene wa anyima. Ke mudiye ulongesha; ne nunku, mu diumvuangana dia dikema ne dilongesha diende, udi ufua.”

Mbimueneke se: bivua mu tshikondo tshia bena Makabeye, mu siekele muibidi kumpala kua Kristo, pakatuadija bena Yuda kuanyisha dilongesha edi dia kudi bena Greke. Mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., Josèphe udi utuambila ne: Bafarizeyi ne bena Essene​—bisumbu bia bukole bia Buena-Yuda—​biakanyisha dilongesha edi. Tumue tusala tuvua pamu’apa tufundibua mu tshikondo atshi tudi tuleja ditabuja dia muomumue.

Kadi, netuambe tshinyi bua Yezu Kristo? Yeye ne balondi bende bakalongesha bia muomumue lungenyi elu lua ku ntendelelu wa bena Greke anyi?

Mmuenenu wa bena nkristo ba kumpala pa anyima

Bena nkristo ba mu siekele wa kumpala kabavua bangata anyima bu bena Greke nansha. Tshilejilu, tangila lufu lua Lazaro, mulunda wa Yezu. Bu Lazaro muikale ne anyima ukena ufua, uvua wongoloka diakamue dîba dia lufu, muikale mudikadile ne wa diakalenga, muyuki udi mu Yone nshapita wa 11 kawuvuaku mua kulonda malu mu mushindu mushilangane bikole anyi? Bushuwa Yezu uvua mua kuikala muambile balondi bende bu bikala Lazaro uvua ne muoyo mu diulu, muikale bimpe ne uvuluka malu; bishilangane, wakambulula anu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu pa kubambila ne: Lazaro uvua mulale tulu, kayi mumanye bualu nansha bumue. (Mvese wa 11) Bushuwa Yezu uvua mua kuikala musanke bu mulunda wende mua kuikala mu nsombelu mupiamupia wa mpatshi; kadi, tudi tumumona udila ku mêsu kua bantu bua lufu elu. (Mvese wa 35) Bushuwa, bu anyima wa Lazaro muikale mu diulu, usanka bua dipanga kufua dia kashidi, Yezu kavua mua kuikala ne tshikisu mushindu’eu pa kumupingaja bua kuikalaye tshiakabidi ne muoyo bua bidimu bikese bia pa mutu mu “buloko” bua mubidi ukena mupuangane munkatshi mua bantu badi basama ne badi bafua.

Lazaro wakapingana ku lufu luende ne mianu mitumbe ya matuku ende anayi a dikema bu muntu wa mu nyuma mupikula, kayi ne mubidi anyi? Tòo, kakenza nanku. Bena ditabuja dia anyima ukena ufua nebandamune se: bivua nunku bualu malu mamona kudi muntu eu avua a dikema menemene kaayi kumvuija ne miaku. Kadi tshijadiki atshi tshidi tshipanga bua kutuisha; eyowa, Lazaro kavuaku mua kuambila nansha banangibue bende nansha mu mêyi makese​—pa kuamba amu ne: uvua mumone malu a dikema akena kumvuija anyi? Bishilangane, Lazaro kakamba bualu nansha bumue pa bidi bitangila malu kampanda mamona pavuaye mufue. Elabi meji​—bualu nansha bumue pa tshiena-bualu tshidi lutangilu lua bantu lunemenene kupita ku bualu bukuabu: lufu ludi bu tshinyi! Dipuwa adi didi mua kumvuijibua anu mu mushindu umue. Kakuvua bualu nansha bumue bua kuamba. Bafue mbalale tulu, ki mbamanye bualu nansha bumue.

Nunku, Bible udiku uleja lufu bu mulunda wa anyima, disabuka dia patupu munkatshi mua bitupa bishilangane bia muoyo anyi? Tòo! Bua bena nkristo balelela bu mudi mupostolo Paulo, lufu kaluvua mulunda to; luvua “muluishi wa ndekelu.” (1 Bena Korente 15:26, MMM) Bena nkristo badi bangata lufu, ki mbu lua ku tshifukilu, kadi bu tshintu tshidi tshienza buôwa, katshiyi tshia ku tshifukilu, bualu ludi tshipeta tshia buludiludi tshia mpekatu ne ditombokela Nzambi. (Lomo 5:12; 6:23) Kaluvua nansha kakese mu dilongolola dia Nzambi dia ku ntuadijilu bua bukua-bantu.

Nansha nanku, bena nkristo balelela ki mbapange ditekemena pa bidi bitangila difua dia anyima. Dibiishibua dia Lazaro ng’umue wa ku miyuki mivule ya mu Bible idi ituleja bulelela mu mushindu mutokesha, ditekemena dia mu Mifundu bua anyima mifue​—dibiishibua. Bible udi ulongesha mishindu ibidi mishilangane ya dibiishibua. Bua tshitupa tshinenanenayi tshia bantu badi balale mu lukita, bakane anyi bakena bakane, kudi ditekemena dia dibiishibua bua muoyo wa tshiendelele mu Mparadizu pa buloba apa. (Luka 23:43; Yone 5:28, 29; Bienzedi 24:15) Bua bantu bakese bavua Yezu mutele bu “kasumbu kakese ka mikoko,” kudi dibiishibua bua muoyo ukena kufua bu bifukibua bia mu nyuma mu diulu. Buobu aba, pa kukonga ne bapostolo ba Kristo, nebakokeshe bukua-bantu pamue ne Kristo Yezu ne kubufikisha ku bupuangane.​—Luka 12:32; 1 Kolinto 15:53, 54; Buakabuluibua 20:6.

Kadi, bua tshinyi tudi tusangana ekleziya ya Bukua-buena-nkristo ilongesha, ki ndibiishibua, kadi dibenga kufua dia anyima wa muntu? Tangila diandamuna difila kale mu 1959 kudi muena teoloji Werner Jaeger (mu The Harvard Theological Review): “Bualu butambe mushinga mu malu a kale a dilongesha dia bena nkristo buvua bua se: tatu wa teoloji wa bena nkristo, Origène, uvua muena nkindi muena dia Platon mu tshilongelu tshia Alexandrie. Wakasakidila ku dilongesha dia bena nkristo malongesha onso avua atangila anyima, akangatshilaye kudi Platon.” Nunku ekleziya wakenza menemene amu tshikavua bena Yuda benze siekele mivule kumpala! Bakalekela malongesha a mu Bible bua kulonda nkindi ya bena Greke.

Kudi dilongesha edi difumine bushuwa

Kadi bamue badi mua kukonka, bua kubingisha dilongesha dia dipanga kufua dia anyima ne: Bua tshinyi dilongesha dimue dimue edi, mu mushindu umue anyi mukuabu, didi dilongeshibua kudi bitendelelu bivule nunku bia mu bulongolodi ebu? Mifundu idi ifila kabingila kakumbane ka mudi dilongesha edi ditangalake mu bisumbu bia malu a ntendelelu bia mu bulongolodi ebu.

Bible udi utuambila ne: “bulongolodi ebu bujima mbulale mu bukokeshi bua mubi” ne udi utela Satana mu mushindu musunguluke bu “mukokeshi wa buloba ebu.” (1 Yone 5:19, NW; Yone 12:31) Mbimueneke patoke se: bitendelelu bia mu bulongolodi ebu ki mbipange kuikala ku buenzeji bua Satana. Bishilangane mene, mbikebeshe bikole ndululu ne diluangana mu bulongolodi bua lelu’eu. Ne pa bidi bitangila anyima, mbimueneke bu bidi bileja patoke lungenyi lua Satana menemene. Mmunyi nanku?

Vuluka dishima dia kumpala menemene. Nzambi ukavua muambile Adama ne Eva se: lufu luvua ne bua kupeteka bu buobu bamuenzele mpekatu. Kadi Satana wakajadikila Eva ne: “Kanuena nufua bulelela.” (Genese 3:4) Bushuwa, Adama ne Eva bakafua; bakapingana ku lupuishi bu mukavua Nzambi muambe. Satana, “tatuende wa dishima,” kakalekela nansha kakese didinga diende dia kumpala. (Yowanese 8:44, MMM) Mu bitendelelu bungi kabuyi kubala bidi bipambuke ku dilongesha dia Bible, anyi bikena bilonda buludiki buende, lungenyi lumue lumue elu lutshidi lumuangalajibua: ‘Kanuena nufua bulelela. Mubidi wenu udi mua kufua, kadi anyima wenu neatungunuke ne kuikala ne muoyo, bua kashidi​—anu bu Nzambi!’ Bidi bikoka ntema, Satana wakambila kabidi Eva ne: uvua ne bua kuikala “bu Nzambi”!​—Genese 3:5.

Mmunyipu mudibi bipite buimpe pa kuikala ne ditekemena didi diashila, ki mpa mashimi anyi pa nkindi ya bantu, kadi pa bulelela. Mmunyipu mudibi bipite buimpe pa kuikala ne dieyemena dia se: banangibue betu bakadi bafue ki mbamanye bualu nansha bumue mu lukita, pamutu pa kuelakana pa bidi bitangila muaba udi mua kuikala anyima kampanda ukena ufua! Dilala tulu edi dia bafue kadiena ne bua kututshinyisha anyi kutupesha kanyinganyinga. Mu mushindu kampanda, tudi mua kuangata bafue bu badi mu muaba wa bukubi wa diikisha. Bua tshinyi wa bukubi? Bualu Bible udi utujadikila ne: bafue badi Yehowa munange badi ne muoyo mu ngumvuilu wa pa buende. (Luka 20:38) Badi ne muoyo mu tshivulukilu tshiende. Alu ndungenyi ludi lukankamija bikole bualu tshivulukilu tshiende katshiena ne mikalu. Udi ne dijinga dikole dia kupingaja miliyo ikena kubala ya banangibue ku muoyo ne kubapetesha mushindu wa kuikala ne muoyo bua kashidi mu buloba bua mparadizu.​—Fuanyikija ne Yobo 14:14, 15.

Dituku dia butumbi dia dibiishibua nedilue, anu bu mudi malaya onso a Yehowa ne bua kukumbajibua. (Yeshaya 55:10, 11) Anjibi kuela meji palua mulayi eu kukumbana: “Kadi bafue bebe badi ne muoyo, mibidi yabu neyibike kabidi. Aba badi balale mu buloba nebatabale ne nebele mbila ya disanka; bualu lumume luebe ndumume lua butoke budi bubalakana, ne buloba nebupatule bafue aba ba mutantshi mule ku diledibua kabidi.” (Yeshaya 26:19, The New English Bible) Nunku bafue badi balale mu lukita mbakubibue amu bu muana utshidi mu difu dia mamuende. Bakadi pa “kuledibua” mu katupa kîpi emu, kupingajibua ku muoyo pa buloba bua mparadizu!

Nditekemena kayi divua mua kuikala dimpe kupita edi?

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 7]

Ba-Zelote bena Yuda ba ku Masada bakitabuja ne: lufu luvua ne bua kupikula anyima yabu