Lukita lua Petelo: Ludi mu Vatican anyi?

“LUKITA lua Mukalenge wa bapostolo luafumi ku disokolodibua.” Dimanyisha edi dia ditshimuna dia Papa Pius XII divua dimanyisha kudi tudiomba tua Vatican. Ku ndekelu wa 1950, diumbula nkita dijingakane muinshi mua Bazilike St. Pierre diakafuma ku dijika. Bilondeshile bamue, bipeta bia dikebulula edi dia bintu bia kale muinshi mua buloba mbijadike ne: Petelo uvua bulelela mujikibue mu Vatican. Kadi, ki mbantu buonso badi batuishibue to.

Bua bena Katolike, Katedrale St. Pierre mu Vatican kadi ne diumvuija dia pa buadi. “Tshipatshila tshinene tshia diya ku ngendu ku Roma ntshia kupetangana ne mupinganyi wa Petelo ne kupeta dibenesha diende,” ke mudi mukanda wa dileja nawu miaba wa bena Katolike wamba, “bualu Petelo wakaya ku Roma ne wakajikibua kuinaku.” Kadi mbulelela se: Petelo wakajikibua ku Roma anyi? Lukita luende ludi ku Vatican anyi? Mifuba yende yakasokolodibua anyi?

Bualu busokoka bua bintu bia kale biangula muinshi mua buloba

Diumbula, diakatuadija bu mu 1940 ne diakanenga bidimu bu dikumi, divua bualu bujudi bua milandu mivule. Ntshinyi tshiakasokolola bakebuludi ba bintu biangula muinshi mua buloba batuma kudi papa? Ntshintu tshimue patupu, majambu a bampangano adi ne nkita bungi bubala. Munkatshinkatshi muayi, muinshi mua tshialtare tshia papa udiku lelu, bakasunguluja aedicula, mmuomu ne: ntshivulukidi tshiibaka bua kusokoka lupingu anyi tshimfuanyi, tshibangula mu tshimana pashishe tshibuwa ne bintu bikunze ne tshiela munkatshi kudi bimana bibidi bidi bienza nseke. Ndekelu wa bionso, ne bu mu tshishima, bishadile bikuabo bia bantu biakasokolodibua, bivuabo bamba ne: bivua bifumina ku tshimue tshia ku bimana bibidi bidi bienza nseke.

Muaba eu ke udi mumvuija atuadija. Bilondeshile bamue bashikuluji ba bena Katolike, bintu bipeta ebi bidi bijadika tshilele tshia [ditabuja] se: tshisombelu ne [muaba wa] difuila ditabuja bia Petelo bivua Roma mu tshikondo tshia bukokeshi bua Néron, pamu’apa mu tshikondo tshia dikengeshibua dia mu 64 B.B. Bivua nansha biambibua ne: bidi bishala mbishadile bia mupostolo ne bidi mua kusungulujibua anu nunku kudi mêyi mafunda adi, bilondeshile diumvuija kampanda, abadibua ne: “Petelo udi apa.” Bidi bimueneka ne: Papa Paul VI uvua utua ku tshia difuanyikija edi pakamanyishaye mu 1968 disokolodibua dia “bishadile bia ku lufu lua Munsantu Petelo, bidi biakanyine kanemu ne dikukuila bietu bionso.”

Kadi, mumvuija aa, avua enda aya tshiapamue ne mumvuija adi abengangana nawu. Mukebuludi wa bintu bia kale muinshi mua buloba muena Katolike ne Jezuite Antonio Ferrua wakaya pende mu diumbula nkita ya ku Vatican, mmutonde misangu mipite pa umue ne: ‘kakapeshibua bukenji bua kumanyisha’ malu wonso adiye mumanye pa muanda eu, bintu bidi pa kubitangila ne mêsu mua kubengangana ne bualu bua mudi bishadile bia Petelo bisungulujibue. Kusakidila apu, mukanda wa difunkuna nawu miaba wa Guida a Roma, mufunda kudi Kardinale wa ekleziya Katolike Poupard ne mupatula mu 1991, wakamba ne: “dikonkonona dia sianse dia mifuba ya muntu misangana muinshi mua bishimikidi bia Tshimana Tshikunze kadiena dimueneka bu didi diyilamika mupostolo Petelo to.” Bualu budi butamba kukemesha mbua se: mu difundulula diakalonda (kunyima mu 1991), tshiambilu atshi tshiakajimina, ne nshapita mupiamupia, udi ne tshiena-bualu tshia “Bulelela: Petelo [udi] ku Katedrale ka St. Pierre,” tshiakasakidibua.

Diumvuija dia bintu bipeta

Bushuwa, bintu bipeta bidi biumvuijibua mishindu kabukabu kudi bantu bashilangane. Eyowa, bashikuluji ba malu a kale batambe kupiluka ba bena Katolike mbatuishibue ne: “Mianda ya kale pa bulelela bua difuila ditabuja dia Petelo ku Roma, ne muaba wa dijikibua diende, bidi mua kuedibua mpata.” Ntshinyi tshidi bintu bipeta bisokolola?

Tshivulukilu tshia aedicula, bilondeshile aba badi bakeba mua kubingisha tshilele tshia ekleziya Katolike, tshidi “tshivulukidi” tshijadika bulelela kudi Gaius, muakuidi uvua ne muoyo ku ntuadijilu kua siekele muisatu. Bilondeshile Eusebius wa ku Sezaré, nsaserdose mushikuluji wa malu a kale wa mu siekele muinayi, Gaius wakamba ne: uvua mua ‘kufunkuna tshivulukidi tshia Petelo pa Mukuna wa Vatican.’ Babingishi ba muyuki eu badi bamba ne: mupostolo uvua mujikibue kuinaku, muinshi mua tshivulukidi tshiakavua kumanyika bu “tshivulukidi tshia Gaius.” Kadi, bakuabo, badi bumvuija bipeta bia diumbula nkita edi mu mushindu munga, pa kumanyisha ne: bena nkristo ba kumpala kabavua batamba kutabalela dijikibua dia bafue babo ne kabidi se: nansha bu Petelo muikale mushipibua kuinaku, disokolola dia mubidi wende divua ne bua kutamba kuikala dia mpukapuka. (Tangila kazubu, dibeji dia 29.)

Kudi bakuabo badi kabayi bitaba ne: “tshivulukidi tshia Gaius” (bikalabi se: ke tshivua tshisokolodibue) nlukita. Badi anu bamba bambulula ne: ntshivulukidi tshiakibakibua bua lumu lua Petelo pabuipi ne ndekelu wa siekele muibidi ne se: ku shòò “tshiakavua kuangatshibua bu tshivulukidi tshia lukita.” Kadi, bilondeshile teolojien Oscar Cullmann, “Diumbula nkita ya ku Vatican kadiena mene disunguluja lukita lua Petelo nansha.”

Ntshinyi tshiambibua bua mifuba? Bidi mua kuambibua ne: kudi mifuba ayi ifumina menemene kutshidi anu nshinga wa dijandula. Kumbukila mu siekele wa kumpala, majambu manene a bampangano avua pa tshidi mpindieu Mukuna wa Vatican, bishadile bivule bia bantu biakajikibua muaba awu, ne bivule mbimana kusokolodibua. Mêyi mafunda akena makumbane (pamu’apa mafunda mu siekele muinayi) adi bamue bamba ne: adi asunguluja muaba uvua bishadile bisokolola bu lukita lua mupostolo, adi mua kutangila “dikalaku difuanyikija dia mifuba ya Petelo.” Kusakidila apu, bashikuluji bavule ba maleta mbatuishibue kudi lungenyi lua se: mêyi mafunda aa adi nansha mua kumvuija ne: “Petelo kêna apa to.”

‘Muyuki ukena muakanyine dieyemenyibua’

“Mikanda ya ku ntuadijilu ne ya kutamba kueyemena kayena nansha itêla muaba wakafuila [Petelo] ditabuja, kadi munkatshi mua eyi ya ku shòò ne ikena mene miakanyine dieyemenyibua mudi dishindika dia se: bivua ku Vatican,” ke mudi mushikuluji wa malu a kale D. W. O’Connor wamba. Nunku dikebakeba dia lukita lua Petelo ku Vatican divua dishindamene pa miyuki ikena miakanyine dieyemenyibua. “Pakalua bishadile bintu bia mushinga mukole,” ke mudi O’Connor utonda, “bena nkristo bakafika ku ditabuja ne muoyo umue se: [tshivulukidi] tshia Petelo mu bulelela buonso tshidi tshifunkuna menemene muaba wa lukita luende.”

Miyuki eyi yakalubuluka tshiapamue ne dikukuila dikena mu diumvuangana ne Mifundu dia bishadile. Kumbukila ku siekele muiisatu ne muinayi too ne ku lelu’eu, bamfumu ba malu a Nzambi mu miaba ya nshindamenu mishilashilangane bakatumika ne bishadile, bilelela anyi bia mashimi​—ne tshipatshila tshia kupeta bubanji—​mu madikolela a kuditeka pa mutu pa buonso mu malu a mu “nyuma” ne bua kulubuluja bukokeshi buabo nkayabu. Nunku, batuishibue ne: bishadile bia Petelo bivua ne bukole bua kuenza bishima, bendakanyi bakenza ngendu baya ku tshivuabo bafuanyikija bu lukita luende. Ku ndekelu kua siekele muisambombo, bena kuitabuja bavua ne tshibidilu tshia kuimansha ne kanemu kuonso bitupa bia bujitu bia bintu pa “lukita.” “Bualu bua dikema,” ke muakamba muyiki muenza matuku adi panshi aa, “bikala ditabuja dia muena milombo dishindame, padi tshilamba tshiangudibua tshiakabidi ku lukita, netshikale tshiwule tente ne bunsantu bua Nzambi ne netshineme bujitu kupita muvuatshi kumpala.” Ebi bidi bileja buondoke buvua nabu bitabataba tshikondo atshi.

Mu kupita kua siekele mivule, mianu ya mushindu’eu ne miyuki mibule nshindamenu kayi wonso biakafikisha ku ditangalaka dia lumu lua Bazilike wa Vatican. Kadi, mmuenenu miabulukangane yakajuka. Mu siekele ya 12 ne 13, balondi ba Waldo bakapisha manekesha aa, ne ku diambuluisha dia Bible, bavua bumvuija ne: Petelo kavua ku Roma musangu nansha umue to. Siekele mivule ku shòò, baleji-mpala ba Dishintuluka dia bena Mishonyi bavua pabu bumvuija bia muomumue. Mu siekele wa 18, bena-nkindi benda lumu bakangata pabu tshilele etshi bu tshikena nshindamenu, nansha mu muyuki wa malu a kale nansha mu Mifundu. Mmuenenu umue umue eu udi kudi bashikuluji bapiluke, bena Katolike ne bakuabo kabidi too ne ku lelu’eu.

Petelo wakafuila ku Roma anyi?

Petelo, mulobi mudipuekeshi muena Ngalileya, bulelela kavua ne lungenyi kayi luonso lua kudibandisha ku mutu kua bakulu mu tshisumbu tshia bena nkristo tshia mu siekele wa kumpala to. Bishilangane, wakakula buende yeye nkayende bu “mukulu nabu.” (1 Petelo 5:1-6, nkudimuinu wa Revised Standard Version) Budipuekeshi bua Petelo budi bubengangana ne butumbi bua tuyayi tukamona budibu bambika tshidibu bafuanyikija bu lukita luende, anu bu mudibi mua kumueneka kudi mukumbudi kayi yonso udi uya ku Bazilike wa Vatican.

Bua kushindamija didibandisha diende pa mutu pa ekleziya mikuabo ya bena nkristo, ekleziya Katolike mmuenze madikolela bua kubingisha muyuki ‘wa ku shòò ne ukena muakanyine dieyemenyibua’ udi wamba ne: Petelo wakasomba ku Roma tshikondo kampanda. Kadi, mmuanda wa dikema, bualu bilondeshile mikuabo miyuki ya kale, muaba wende wa dijikibua kawena mu Vatican to, kadi udi muaba mukuabo ku Roma. Kadi, bua tshinyi kubenga kulamata ku malu malelela mafunda mu Bible, mpokolo umuepele udi ufila mamanyisha buludiludi pa bidi bitangila Petelo? Ku butuangaji bua Dîyi dia Nzambi bidi bipepele se: mu ditumikila mêyi-maludiki akapetaye kudi kasumbu kaludiki ka tshisumbu tshia bena nkristo ku Yeruzaleme, Petelo wakakumbajila mudimu wende mu tshitupa tshia kale tshia ku Est kua dibulunge-buloba, pa kusangisha ne Babilone.​—Galatia 2:1-9; 1 Petelo 5:13; fuanyikija ne Bienzedi 8:14.

Pakafundilaye bena nkristo bavua ku Roma, bu mu 56 B.B., mupostolo Paulo wakatumina bena nkristo bu 30 ba mu tshisumbu atshi mioyo kadi kayi nansha utêla Petelo. (Lomo 1:1, 7; 16:3-23) Pashishe, pankatshi pa 60 ne 65 B.B., Paulo wakafunda mikanda isambombo kumbukila ku Roma, kadi Petelo kêna nansha mutedibue to​—etshi ntshijadiki tshikole tshia pa mutu tshia se: Petelo kavua kuinaku to.a (Fuanyikija ne 2 Timote 1:15-17; 4:11.) Mudimu wa Paulo ku Roma mmumvuijibue ku ndekelu kua mukanda wa Bienzedi, kadi bua musangu eu kabidi, Petelo ki mmutedibue nansha. (Bienzedi 28:16, 30, 31) Nunku, dikonkonona dikena ngenyi midianze kufuka dia bujadiki bua Bible, didi mua kufikisha ku nkomenu wa se: Petelo kakayiisha ku Roma nansha.b

“Didibandisha” dia papa didi dishindamene pa miyuki ikena miakanyine dieyemenyibua ne ditumikila dibi dia mvese. Yezu, ki m’Petelo, ke udi tshishimikidi tshia buena-nkristo. ‘Kristo udi mfumu wa tshisumbu,’ ke mudi Paulo wamba. (Efeso 2:20-22; 5:23, NW) Yezu Kristo ke uvua Yehowa mutume bua kubenesha ne kupandisha aba badi ne ditabuja.​—Yone 3:16; Bienzedi 4:12; Lomo 15:29; tangila kabidi 1 Petelo 2:4-8.

Nunku, aba buonso badi benza ngendu ku tshidibo bitabuja ne muoyo umue ne: n’lukita lua Petelo ne tshipatshila tshia ‘kupetangana ne mupinganyi wende’ mbatutakena ne bualu bua kuitabuja ‘miyuki ikena miakanyine dieyemenyibua’ anyi kuitabuja Dîyi dia Nzambi didi diakanyine dieyemenyibua. Bu mudi bena nkristo basue bua se: ntendelelu wabo ikale muanyishibue kudi Nzambi, badi ‘batangila ne ntema yonso kudi Mupuangaji wa ditabuja diabo, Yezu,’ ne ku tshilejilu tshipuangane tshivuaye yeye mushiye bua tuetu kulonda.​—Ebelu 12:2; 1 Petelo 2:21.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu mu dibeji 29]

“Diumbula nkita ki ndisokolole bimanyinu kampanda bia dikalaku dia lukita muinshi mua Aedicula to; nansha kabidi kakuena mua kuikala dijadika kampanda dia se: mubidi wa Munsantu Petelo wakapetshibua tshiakabidi mu bianza bia bamushipi bua kujikibua kudi tshinsanga tshia bena nkristo. Pa tshibidilu, mubidi wa muenyi kampanda (peregrinus), uvua bilondeshile ndongoluelu wa mikenji wangatshibua bu mubundi wa bibawu, uvua ne bua kuimanshibua mu Tibre. . . . Kupita apu, pamu’apa, mu matuku awu a ku ntuadijilu kakuvua ditabalela bishadile dia muomumue ne edi diakalua ku shòò, pakajimina ditabuja dia se: nshikidilu wa bulongolodi ebu ukavua pabuipi ne pakabanga kumueneka dikukuila aba bakafuila ditabuja. Nunku, bushuwa, bualu bua se: mubidi wa Munsantu Petelo kabakaupeta bua kuwujika mbulelela.”​—Mukanda wa Shrine of St. Peter and the Vatican Excavations, mufunda kudi Jocelyn Toynbee ne John Ward Perkins.