Tertiyo​—Mufundi muena lulamatu wa Paulo

TERTIYO wakapeta mudimu mukole. Mupostolo Paulo wakasua kutumika nende bu mufundi wende pavuaye ufunda mukanda mule wa kutumina bena nkristo nende ba ku Roma. Eu uvua mua kuikala mudimu mukole.

Bua tshinyi bivua bitambe bukole bua kuikala mufundi mu siekele wa kumpala B.B.? Mmunyi muvua mudimu bu eu wenzeka? Mbintu kayi bia mfundilu bivuabu batumika nabi tshikondo atshi?

Bafundi mu bikondo bia kale

Mu nsangilu wa bantu wa kale wa bena Greke ne bena Roma, muvua mishindu kabukabu ya bafundi. Bamue bantu balume bavua basadila bu bafundi ba mbulamatadi​—bena mudimu wa mbulamatadi bavua benza mudimu mu biro. Muvua kabidi bafundi ba patoke bavua benzela bena-muabu midimu yabu mu miaba ya bisalu. Bafundi ba muntu nkayende (pa tshibidilu bapika) bavua balama kudi babanji. Pashishe kabidi, muvua balunda bena budisuile bavua ne disanka dia kufundila banga bantu mikanda. Bilondeshile mushikuluji E. Randolph Richards, mbabi ya bafundi aba bavua kabayi mu biro “ivua mua kubangila ku dimanya dishadile dia muakulu ne/anyi mishindu ya mfundilu too ne ku dimanya kuenza dibandile mu dipatula dia lukasa dia mukanda mujalame, wa mankenda, ne udi usankisha.”

Nnganyi uvua mua kutumika ne bafundi? Tshia kumpala, aba bavua kabayi bamanye mua kufunda ne kubala. Mikanda mivule ya kale ya kontra ne ya bungenda bavua bayijikija ne mêyi avua mufundi wanyishamu ne: uvua mufunde mukanda eu bua dimanya dishikile dia muntu uvua mumupeshe mudimu au. Kabingila kibidi bua ditumika ne mufundi nkumvuija kudi mukanda kampanda wa kale mufumine ku Thèbes, mu Ejipitu. Badi bamba mu mukanda eu mufundila muntu mukuabu dîna diende Asklepiades ne: “Eumelus, muana wa Herma, mmumufundile . . . bualu yeye mmuenze bu udi ufunda biteketebitekete.”

Pabi, dipanga kumanya mua kubala ne kufunda ki ndienze bu bualu budi busuikakaja ku ditumika ne mufundi. Bilondeshile muedi wa nseka pa Bible John L. McKenzie, “pamu’apa katshivua nansha tshilumbu tshia bintu bidi mua kubadibua, kadi tshivua tshia mfundilu mulengele, anyi mu mishindu yonso tshilumbu tshia mankenda” tshivua tshisaka bantu bua kukeba midimu ya kudi mufundi. Nansha bua bantu bavua balonge, difunda divua ditatshisha, nangananga pavuaku malu a difunda mikale male ne mapite bungi. Mushikuluji J. A. Eschlimann udi wamba ne: eu yonso uvua mua kutumika ne mufundi “ne musangelu wonso uvua wepuka mudimu eu, uupesha bapika, bafundi bapiluke.” Kabidi, mbipepele mua kujingulula bua tshinyi bantu kabavua basue kudifundila mikanda yabu nkayabu patudi tutangila bintu bitumika nabi ne nsombelu ya mudimu.

Tshintu tshia mfundilu tshitumika natshi pa tshibidilu mu siekele wa kumpala B.B. tshivua nyandu (papirise). Bavua bapetela mpolo ya mikaba mikese ku tshikunyibua etshi pa kukosa bia munda binefuke bia bikolakola biatshi mu dilondesha mu bule buabi. Bavua badija panshi tshitatutatu tshia mpolo ya mikaba. Bavua bateka tshitatutatu tshikuabu tshitshiamakaja pa tshia kumpala. Bavua babilamika bionso bibidi pa kubiabambakaja pamue, bipatula tshitupa tshia “dibeji.”

Kabivua bipepele bua kufundila pa tshipapu etshi nansha. Tshivua tshipape ne tshikale ne mionjonji. Bilondeshile mushikuluji Angelo Penna, “mionjonji minefuke ya nyandu ivua ifikisha ku ditangalaka dia mâyi a mukanda, nangananga mu tujila tutambe bukese tuvua tushala pankatshi pa mpolo mikese ya mikaba.” Mufundi uvua ne bua kuenza mudimu pa kusomba panshi muvuangale ne mukuate dibeji pa tshibasa ne tshianza tshimue. Bikalaye kavua ne dimanya dia bungi anyi bia ditumika nabi kabivua bitambe buimpe, kasala kende, anyi katshi ka tshituta, kavua mua kukalama pa dibeji dia nyandu, dibeji edi divua mua kupandika, anyi mfundilu kavua mua kubadibua.

Bavua benza mâyi a mukanda pa kusambakaja mishila ne mâyi a mutshi kampanda. Baasumbisha menze bu milungu ya matumba anayi, bavua ne bua kuengulula ne mâyi mu kalondo ka mâyi a mukanda kumpala kua kutumika nawu bua kufunda. Mu binga bintu bia mudimu bivua pamu’apa mufundi bu Tertiyo mua kuikala nabi muvua kele ka kusonga naku katshi ka mukanda ka tshituta ne kalamba katalale bua kukupula bilema biende. Dileta dionso divua ne bua kufundibua bimpe menemene. Pa nanku difunda divua diya biteketebitekete, dikale ne imue ntatu.

‘Meme Tertiyo, ndi nnuela muoyo’

Munkatshi mua mioyo idi ku ndekelu kua mukanda mutumina bena Roma mudi wa mufundi wa Paulo, wakafunda ne: ‘Meme Tertiyo, munufundidi wa mukanda eu, ndi nnuela muoyo mu Mukalenge.’ (Lomo 16:22) Eu mmusangu umuepele mu mifundu ya Paulo udibu baleje patoke umue wa ku bafundi bende.

Tudi bamanye malu makese pa bidi bitangila Tertiyo. Ku diambuluisha dia muoyo wende ‘mu Mukalenge,’ tudi mua kukomesha ne: uvua muena nkristo wa lulamatu. Uvua pamu’apa muena mu tshisumbu tshia mu Kolinto ne uvua mua kuikala mumanye bena nkristo ba bungi ba mu Roma. Mushikuluji wa Bible Giuseppe Barbaglio udi uleja ne: Tertiyo uvua mua kuikala mupika peshi muntu mupikula. Bua tshinyi? Tshia kumpala, bualu “baskribe pa tshibidilu bavua bena mu kasumbu aka; pashishe, bualu dîna diende dia tshiena-Latin . . . divua ditangalake bikole munkatshi mua bapika ne bantu bapikula.” Barbaglio udi wamba ne: “Pa nanku, kavua mufundi mupiluke ‘muladidile’ nansha, uvua muenzejanganyi wa mudimu, wakambuluisha Paulo mu mushindu’eu bua kubumbakaja pamue mukanda wende mupepele kumvua ne mupite yonso ku bule: mudimu wa mushinga mukole, wakapetesha Paulo mushindu wa kulaminyina dîba ne bukole bua mubidi.”

Mudimu eu wa Tertiyo udi bushuwa wa mushinga mukole. Baruke wakenza mudimu wa muomumue bua Yelemiya, bu muakenza mene Silvano bua Petelo. (Yelemiya 36:4; 1 Petelo 5:12) Ndisanka kayipu divua nadi benzejanganyi ba mudimu aba!

Difundila bena Roma

Mukanda mutumina bena Roma uvua mufundibue pavua Paulo mutule buenyi kua Gayo, bumue bu mu Kolinto. Bivua bu mu 56 B.B., mu luendu luisatu lua Paulo lua bu-misionere. (Lomo 16:23) Nansha mutudi bamanye ne dishindika dionso ne: Paulo wakatumika ne Tertiyo bu mufundi wende bua kufunda mukanda eu, katuena bamanye bimpe menemene mushindu wakatumikaye nende. Nansha bikalabu bavua batumike ne ngenzelu wa mushindu kayi, mudimu eu kauvua mua kuikala muenza bipepele nansha. Kadi bua bualu ebu tudi mua kuikala bashindike ne: Anu bu mudi bitupa bikuabu bia Bible, mukanda wa Paulo mutumina bena Roma uvua “muenzeja ku spiritu wa Nzambi.”​—2 Timote 3:16, 17, NW.

Pakajika mukanda eu, Tertiyo ne Paulo bavua bafunde binunu ne binunu bia miaku, pa kutumika ne mabeji mavule a nyandu. Panyima pa bamane kulamika mabeji aa onso pamue ku ntaku kuawu, mabeji aa akenza muvungu, muenze bu wa bule bua metre 3 too ne ku 4. Bakavunga mukanda eu bimpe menemene ne kuutua tshitampi. Pashishe mbimueneke ne: Paulo wakaupesha Foibe, muanetu wa bakaji mufumine ku Senkreya, ukavua pa kusabuka ne buatu mu luendu mutangile ku Roma.​—Lomo 16:1, 2.

Kubangila mu siekele wa kumpala, ngenzelu mitumika nayi bua kupatula bintu bifunda mmishintuluke bikole. Kadi munkatshi mua siekele mivule, mukanda mutumina bena nkristo ba mu Roma mmukubibue kudi Nzambi. Mmunyipu mutudi mua kuikala bena dianyisha bua tshitupa etshi tshia Dîyi dia Yehowa, tshifunda ku diambuluisha dia Tertiyo, mufundi muena lulamatu wa Paulo ne mukuatshi wa mudimu mukole!