“Yehowa” anyi “Yawe”?

“MUSAMBAKAJA,” “mukuatakaja,” “mupambuke bikole.” Ntshinyi tshivua mua kuikala tshisake bashikuluji ba tshiena-Ebelu tshia mu Bible bua kuamba mêyi makole a nunku? Tshilumbu ntshia kumanya bikala “Yehowa” uvua nshindumuinu mujalame wa dîna dia Nzambi. Dikokangana edi ndikuatakane kukadi bidimu bipite pa lukama. Lelu’eu, bidi bimueneka ne: bashikuluji ba bungi mbasue nshindumuinu wa bikosoluedi bibidi: “Yawe.” Kadi nshindumuinu “Yehowa” udi bushuwa “mupambuke bikole” anyi?

Tshidi tshijudije dikokangana edi

Bilondeshile Bible, Nzambi nkayende wakasokoluela bukua-bantu dîna diende. (Ekesode 3:15) Bijadiki bia mu Mifundu bidi bileja ne: basadidi ba kale ba Nzambi bavua batela dîna edi kabayi bamona bu bualu. (Genese 12:8; Luta 2:4) Dîna dia Nzambi divua dimanyike kabidi kudi bisamba bikuabu. (Yoshua 2:9) Bualu ebu buvua bulelela nangananga panyima pa dipetangana dia bena Yuda bavua bafume mu bupika mu Babulona ne bantu ba bisamba bia bungi. (Musambu 96:2-10; Yeshaya 12:4; Malaki 1:11) Nkonga-miaku kampanda udi wamba ne: “Kudi bijadiki bia bungi bidi bileja ne: mu tshikondo tshia kunyima kua difuma mu bupika, benyi ba bungi bavua bakokibue ku ntendelelu wa bena Yuda.” (The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible) Kadi mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., mmuenenu wa bitabataba wakatangalaka pa bidi bitangila dîna dia Nzambi. Ndekelu wa bionso, tshisamba tshia Isalele katshivua anu tshilekele bua kutela patoke dîna dia Nzambi to, kadi bamue bakakandika mene bua kabadishindumunyi nansha musangu umue. Nenku nshindumuinu wadi mujalame wakajimina​—mmuomu’anyi?

Ntshinyi tshidi mu dîna?

Mu tshiena-Ebelu, badi bafunda dîna dia Nzambi nunku: יהוה. Maleta anayi aa, adibu babala kumbukila ku dia balume batangile ku dia bakaji, batu baabikila ne: Tetragrame. Mêna a bungi a bantu ne a miaba matela mu Bible atu ne dîna dia Nzambi difunda mu tshikoso. Mêna aa adiku mua kufila amue mamanyisha pa mushindu uvuabu bashindumuna dîna dia Nzambi anyi?

Bilondeshile George Buchanan, mulongeshi ukadi muangate pansio wa mu tshilongelu kampanda (Wesley Theological Seminary, mu Washington, D.C., ku États-Unis), diandamuna didi ne: eyowa. Mulongeshi Buchanan udi umvuija ne: “Mu bikondo bia kale, baledi bavua misangu mivule binyika bana mêna a nzambi yabu. Bidi biumvuija ne: bavua bashindumuna mêna a bana babu mushindu uvuabu bashindumuna mêna a nzambi yabu. Bakabueja Tetragrame mu mêna a bantu, ne misangu yonso bavua bafundamu dileta dijikuke dia pankatshinkatshi.”

Tangila bilejilu bikese bia mêna a bantu adi mu Bible ne mikale ne dîna dia Nzambi difunda mu tshikoso. Yonatana, dîna didi difunda mushindu’eu: Yoh·na·thanʹ anyi Yehoh·na·thanʹ mu Bible wa tshiena-Ebelu, didi diumvuija ne: “Yaho anyi Yahowah mmufile,” ke mudi Mulongeshi Buchanan wamba. Mu tshiena-Ebelu dîna dia muprofete Eliya didi ne: ʼE·li·yahʹ anyi ʼE·li·yaʹhu. Bilondeshile Mulongeshi Buchanan, dîna edi didi diumvuija ne: “Nzambi wanyi udi Yahoo anyi Yahoo-wah.” Bia muomumue, dîna dia Yehoshafata mu tshiena-Ebelu didi Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, mmumue ne: “Yaho mmulumbuluishe.”

Nshindumuinu wa bikosoluedi bibidi wa Tetragrame bu mudi “Yawe” kêna wela dileta dijikuke dia o mu dîna dia Nzambi to. Kadi mu mêna a bungi a mu Bible adi ne dîna dia Nzambi munda muawu, dileta edi dijikuke dia pankatshinkasthi didi dimueneka mu mêna a ku ntuadijilu ne mêna mafunda mu tshikoso, bu mudi mu Yehonatana ne Yonatana. Nenku, Mulongeshi Buchanan udi wamba bua dîna dia Nzambi ne: “Mu mishindu yonso kabatu batumpika dileta dijikuke dia oo anyi oh to. Imue misangu bavua bafunda muaku eu mu tshikoso bu ‘Ya,’ kadi ki mbu ‘Ya-weh’ nansha. . . . Pavua Tetragrame mushindumuna mu tshikosoluedi tshimue uvua ‘Yah’ anyi ‘Yo.’ Pavuabu bamushindumuna mu bikosoluedi bisatu uvua ne bua kuikala ‘Yahowah’ anyi ‘Yahoowah.’ Pavuabu bamufunda mu tshikoso mu bikosoluedi bibidi, uvua ne bua kuikala ‘Yaho.’”​—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Mumvuija aa adi atuambuluisha bua kumvua mêyi mamba kudi Gesenius, mushikuluji wa tshiena-Ebelu wa mu siekele wa 19 mu mukanda wende kampanda ne: “Aba badi bamba ne: יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] uvua nshindumuinu mujalame [wa dîna dia Nzambi] buonso buabu kabena bapange nshindamenu bua kubingisha mmuenenu wabu to. Mu dishindumuna dîna dia Nzambi ne: Ye-ho-wah kudi mushindu wa kufila diumvuija didi ditamba kusankisha bua mêna mafunda mu tshikoso, יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] ne יוֹ [Yo], adi asanganyibua ku ntuadijilu kua mêna a bungi a bantu.”​—Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures.

Nansha nanku, mu mêyi a mbangilu mu nkudimuinu wende mupatula matuku adi panshi aa, Everett Fox udi ufunda ne: “Madikolela menza kale ne lelu bua kupingaja nshindumuinu ‘mujalame’ wa dîna [dia Nzambi] mu tshiena-Ebelu ki mmapatule bipeta bimpe to; nansha ‘Yehowa’ utu umvuika imue misangu anyi ‘Yawe’ utu bashikuluji bangata bu nshindumuinu wa nshindamenu kabena mua kuyijadika musangu umue bua kashidi to.”​—The Five Books of Moses.

Kakuyi mpata, bashikuluji nebatungunuke ne kukokangana. Bena Yuda bakalekela kutela dîna dia Nzambi mulelela kumpala kua ba-Masorete kuenzabu mfundilu wa maleta majikuke ne tumanyinu. Nunku kakuena mushindu wa pa buawu wa kujadika maleta majikuke avuabu bafunda nawu maleta matshintamane YHWH (יהוה) to. Nansha nanku, mêna a bantu ba mu Bible​—atu kaayi majimije nshindumuinu wawu—​adi afila mamanyisha malelela bua nshindumuinu wa kale wa dîna dia Nzambi. Bua bualu ebu, bamue bashikuluji batu bitaba ne: ndekelu wa bionso nshindumuinu “Yehowa” ki mmutambe kuikala “mupambuke bikole” nansha.

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]

“Yehowa” nnshindumuinu mutambe kumanyika wa dîna dia Nzambi