Philon wa ku Alexandrie: Muntu wakasambakaja Mifundu ne malu mafuikakaja

MU 332 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi (K.B.B.), Alexandre Munene wakabuela ne basalayi bende mu Ejipitu. Kumpala kua kuyaye mutangile ku luseke lua Est bua kukuata matunga makuabu, wakasa tshimenga tshiakabikilaye ne: Alexandrie. Tshiakalua muaba wa nshidimukilu wa bena Greke. Kuine aku, bu mu tshidimu tshia 20 K.B.B., mutshimunyi mukuabu wakaledibua; kavua ne miele ne mafuma bua kuluangana nabi to, yeye uvua ne nkindi. Mmumanyike ku dîna dia Philon wa ku Alexandrie, peshi Philon muena Yuda bualu uvua wa bena Yuda.

Dimuangalaka dia bena Yuda diakenzeka kunyima kua kabutu ka Yelushalema mu 607 K.B.B. diakafikisha bena Yuda ba bungi ku disombela mu Ejipitu. Bavule bakasombela ku Alexandrie. Kadi kuine aku kuvua bilumbu pankatshi pa bena Yuda ne bena Greke. Bena Yuda kabavua basua kutendelela nzambi ya bena Greke, ne bena Greke pabu bavua bapetula Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Bu muvua Philon ne dishidimuka dia bena Greke ne bamukoleshe mu Buena-Yuda, uvua mumanye bimpe dikokangana edi. Buende yeye, Buena-Yuda ke buvua tshitendelelu tshilelela. Kadi kabiyi bu bantu bakuabu ba bungi, Philon wakakeba njila wa ditalala wa kufikisha bena bisamba bikuabu kudi Nzambi. Uvua musue kubafikisha ku ditaba buena-Yuda.

Diumvuija dipiadipia dia malu mafunda kale

Muakulu wa ku dibele wa Philon uvua tshiena-Greke, anu bu muvuabi bua bena Yuda ba bungi ba ku Alexandrie. Nunku dilonga diende divua dishindamene pa nkudimuinu wa Septante wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu mu tshiena-Greke. Mu dikonkonona nkudimuinu eu wa Septante, wakafika ku dituishibua nkayende ne: muvua amue malu a nkindi ne se: Mose uvua ne bua kuikala “muena nkindi wa lungenyi lutue.”

Nkama ya bidimu kumpala, bena meji bena Greke bakavua bafuikakaje miyuki ya banzambi balume ne bakaji (bidika ne bademon ba mu mianu ya bena Greke) ivua mikole bua bantu kuitaba. Bakatuadija kumvuija tshiakabidi mianu ayi ya kalekale. James Drummond, mumanyi wa nshidimukilu ya bena Greke ne bena Lomo wakamba bua ngenzelu wabu wa malu eu ne: “Muena nkindi uvua utuadija kukeba malu mabubika avua masokoka mu mianu, ne ukeba bua kupatuila bulelela kampanda bunene ne bupiabupia ku malu a busenji menemene ne mapote avua baafundi basue kuleja mu ngakuilu udi ujula majinga mabi.” Badi babikila ngenzelu eu ne: ngakuilu wa tshifuanyikijilu, ne Philon wakakeba kuangata ngakuilu eu bua kumvuija nende Mifundu.

Tshilejilu, tangila tshidi Genese 3:21 (3:22 mu nkudimuinu wa Septante wa Bagster) wamba: “Mukalenge Nzambi wakenzela Adama ne mukajende bivualu bia tshiseba tshia nyama ne kubavuadikabi.” Bena Greke bavua bamona bobu ne: kuenza bivualu kakuvua kukumbanyine nansha kakese buneme bua Nzambi Mutambe Bunene to. Nunku Philon wakapeta difuanyikija dia malu mu mvese au e kuambaye ne: “Tshivualu tshia tshiseba nngakuilu wa mu tshimfuanyi bua dikoba dia muntu, mbuena kuamba ne: mubidi wetu; bualu Nzambi pakenzaye bangabanga lungenyi, wakalubikila ne: Adama; pashishe wakalua kufuka tshintu tshidi tshimueneka tshiakabikilaye ne: Muoyo. Ndekelu wa bionso, wakenza kabidi mubidi muvuabi bikengela kuenza, kuubikilaye mu ngakuilu mufuanyikija ne: tshivualu tshia biseba bia nyama.” Ke mushindu wakateta Philon kuvuija tshienzedi tshia Nzambi tshia divuadika Adama ne Eva bivualu muanda wa kuelangana meji kudi bena nkindi.

Tangila kabidi Genese 2:10-14, udi uleja kuvua mâyi avua amiamina budimi bua Edene afumina ne utela misulu inayi ivua ifumina mu budimi abu. Philon wakateta bua kupeta diumvuija dia miaku eyi kayi wimanyina anu pa tshivuayi ileja bua tshitupa tshia buloba etshi to. Mumane kumvuija muvua buloba abu, wakamba ne: “Pamuapa mvese eyi idi payi ne tshifuanyikijilu kampanda; bualu misulu inayi eyi idi bimanyinu bia ngikadilu milenga inayi.” Wakamba ne: musulu wa Pishona udi uleja budimu, wa Gihona uleja wowu ditukija dia muoyo, wa Tigre uleja muoyo mukole ne wa Pelata umvuija buakane. Ke mushindu udi tshifuanyikijilu tshilue kupita diumvuija dia tshitupa kampanda tshia buloba.

Philon wakenza mudimu ne ngakuilu wa tshifuanyikijilu bua kukonkonona muyuki wa bufuki, wa muvua Kayine mushipe Abele, wa Mvula wa kabutu wa mu matuku a Noa, wa dikondakana dia miakulu ku Babele ne mêyi a bungi a mu Mikenji ya Mose. Anu bu mu tshilejilu tshia mu tshikoso tshidi tshishale, Philon uvua witaba misangu ya bungi bualu buvua mvese kampanda wa mu Bible wamba anu muvuabu amu, kadi pashishe ulua kubuejamu wende ngumvuilu wa malu mafuanyikija, wamba miaku bu mudi eyi ne: “Pamuapa tudi ne bua kutangila malu aa bienze anu bu mamba mu tshifuanyikijilu.” Mikanda ya Philon mmiûle tente ne malu mafuanyikija, padi eku diakabi, diumvuija dilelela dia Mifundu dikale dienda dijimina.

Nzambi nnganyi?

Philon wakabingisha dikalaku dia Nzambi mu mufuanu wende kampanda udi welesha meji. Yeye mumane kuakula bua mudi buloba, misulu, mabulunge ne mitoto, wakakomesha ne: “Bintu bidi panu mbitambe kuikala bia mpatshi ne mbienza bionso ne meji, bienze anu bu se: bivua bisangisha kaba kamue kudi kampanda uvua mukumbane tshishiki ne mupuangane menemene mu dimanya. Mu mushindu eu ke mutudi bapete lungenyi lua dikalaku dia Nzambi.” Eu uvua ngelelu wa meji muimpe.​—Lomo 1:20.

Kadi pakumvuija Philon tshidi Nzambi Wa-Bukole-Buonso, wakalekela njila wa bulelela e kuya kule menemene. Philon wakamba ne: Nzambi “kêna ne ngikadilu misunguluke to” ne “kakuena muntu udi mua kumvua tshidi” Nzambi muikale nansha. Philon wakatekesha bantu mu maboko bua kabadienzeji bua kufika ku dimanya Nzambi pa kuamba ne: “kukeba bua kuya kule, kutungunuka ne kukeba bua kumanya tshidi Nzambi muikale anyi ngikadilu yende misunguluke mbualu bua bupale menemene.” Ngelelu wa meji eu kavua mufumine mu Bible to, uvua mufumine kudi Platon, muena nkindi ne mumpangano.

Philon wakamba mudibi bikole menemene bua kumvua tshidi Nzambi muikale, bienza bua kakuikadi nansha mushindu wa kumubikila ku dîna diende nkayende. Wakamba ne: “Nunku bivua bia meji menemene bua kuamba se: kakuena dîna dia nsungasunga divuabu mua kupesha eu udi mu bulelela Nzambi wa muoyo.” Kadi bulelela kabuena nanku to!

Bible udi wamba bimpe ne: Nzambi udi ne diende dîna. Musambu 83:18 udi wamba ne: ‘Wewe nkayebe, ngudi muidike dîna dia Yehowa, udi Mutambe Bunene wa pa mutu pa buloba bujima.’ Yeshaya 42:8 udi utela mêyi a Nzambi muikale wamba ne: ‘Meme ndi Yehowa, adi ndîna dianyi.’ Bua tshinyi Philon, muena Yuda uvua mumanye mvese eyi ya mu Bible, wakalongesha ne: Nzambi kêna ne dîna? Bualu uvua wakula ki mbua Nzambi wa mu Bible udi mumanyike to, kadi bua nzambi wa mu nkindi ya bena Greke udi bantu kabayi mua kumanya.

Anyima ntshinyi?

Philon wakalongesha ne: anyima mmutapuluke ne mubidi. Udi wamba mudi muntu “muikale muenza ne mubidi ne anyima.” Anyima udi mua kufua anyi? Mona diumvuija didi Philon ufila: “Patudi ne muoyo, mubidi wetu udi ne muoyo nansha mudi anyima wetu mufue ne mujikibue mu mubidi wetu, bienze bu mu lukita. Kadi [mubidi] wowu ne bua kufua, dîba adi anyima wetu neashale ne muoyo mu wende mushindu, mumbushibue ku bubi ne mu mubidi mufue mudibu bamusuikile.” Bua Philon, difua dia anyima divua anu dia mu tshimfuanyi. Katu ufua bushuwa nansha. Anyima katu ufua to.

Kadi, ntshinyi tshidi Bible ulongesha bua anyima? Mu 1 Kolinto 15:45, tudi tubala ne: “Muntu wa kumudilu, Adama, wakalua musûke [peshi anyima] udi ne muoyo.” Bilondeshile Bible, bantu kabena ne anyima to; kadi bobu bine badi anyima.

Bible udi ulongesha kabidi ne: anyima utu ufua. Yehezekele 18:4 udi wamba ne: “Muntu [peshi, anyima] udi wenza bualu bubi yeye muine neafue.” Ku diambuluisha dia mvese eyi tudi mua kufika ku diamba bimpe ne: Muntu udi anyima. Nunku padi muntu ufua, anyima udi ufua.​—Genese 19:19.a

Kunyima kua lufu lua Philon, bena Yuda bakateya ntema anu mikese ku malu ende. Kadi Bukua-buena-Kristo buobu buakayitaba. Eusèbe ne bakuabu balombodi ba ekeleziya bavua bela meji ne: Philon wakakudimuka kulua muena Kristo. Jérôme wakamutela mu mulongo wa Batatu ba Ekeleziya. Bena Kristo batontolodi ke bakalama mikanda ya Philon, kadi ki mbena Yuda nansha.

Mikanda ya Philon yakalela dishintuluka dinene mu malu a Nzambi. Buenzeji buende buakafikisha bena Kristo ba ku dîna ku ditaba dilongesha didi kadiyi dia mu Bible dia se: anyima katu ufua to. Ne dilongesha dia Philon didi ditangila Logos (anyi Dîyi) diakapatuisha dilongesha dia bena Kristo batontolodi didi kadiyi dia mu Bible, dia Busatu Bunsantu.

Kabakupambuishi

Mu dilonga diende dia Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, Philon wakajadika ne: kavua “ushiya tshifuanyikijilu nansha tshimue tshivua mua kuikala tshisokome pamuapa mu ngakuilu mutokesha bimpe.” Kadi anu bu mutudi tubala mu Dutelonome 4:2, Mose wakamba bua Mikenji ya Nzambi ne: ‘Kanusangishi mêyi pa mutu pa dîyi dingakanuambila, kanumushi mêyi ku dîyi adi; bua nuenu nutumikile mikenji ya Yehowa, Nzambi wenu, ingakanuambila.’ Ne bionso bidi mua kumueneka bu meji mimpe avua nawu Philon, wakasakidila anu malu makuabu mafuidikija avua anu bu dibungi malue kubuitshidija dilongesha ditoke dia mu Dîyi dia Nzambi difundisha ku spiritu Wende.

Mupostolo Petelo wakamba ne: ‘Tuetu katuakalonda nsumuinu yakambabu ku budimu bua bantu patuakanumanyisha bua bukole ne bua dilua bia Mukalenge wetu Yezu Kristo.’ (2 Petelo 1:16) Malu avua Petelo mufundile tshisumbu tshia bena Kristo tshia kumpala avua mashilangane ne a Philon; avua mashindamene pa bulelela ne pa buludiki bua nyuma wa Nzambi, “nyuma wa bulelela,” uvua ulombola bena Kristo mu bulelela buonso.​—Yone 16:13.

Wewe musue kutendelela Nzambi wa mu Bible, udi dijinga ne buludiki bulelela, ki nne mumvuija mashila pa ngelelu wa meji wa bantu nansha. Udi dijinga ne dimanya dijalame dia Yehowa ne dia disua diende, ne udi dijinga ne budipuekeshi bua kuikala mulongi wa muoyo muimpe. Wewe mulonge Bible ne lungenyi elu luimpe, neufike ku dimanya ‘Mukanda wa Nzambi, udi mumanye mua kukuvuija muena meji too ne ku lupandu luakulua bua ditabuja dia mu Kristo Yezu.’ Neumone se: Dîyi dia Nzambi didi mua kukuvuija ‘mukumbajibue, mulongolola tshishiki bua midimu yonso mimpe.’​—2 Timote 3:15-17.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 10]

TSHIMENGA TSHIVUA PHILON MUSOMBELE

Philon uvua musombele ku Alexandrie, mu Ejipitu, muaba wakenzelaye kabidi mudimu. Munkatshi mua nkama ya bidimu, Alexandrie uvua tshimenga tshinene tshia buloba bujima bua mikanda ne miyiki ya bashikuluji ba malu.

Balongi bavua balongela malu kudi bashikuluji bende lumu bavua balongesha mu bilongelu bia mu tshimenga atshi. Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia ku Alexandrie tshiakalua kumanyika mu buloba bujima. Mikanda ivuamu ivua anu yenda ivulangana kufika too ne ku nkama ya binunu bualu bena tshilaminu tshia mikanda atshi bavua baditatshisha bua kupeta mukanda wonso uvua upatuka.

Pashishe, mushinga uvua bantu ba buloba bujima bangata nawu Alexandrie ne mishiki ya mikanda ya mamanya ivuamu wakakepela ku kakese ku kakese. Bakalenge ba ku Lomo bakatuadija kutumbisha tshiabu tshimenga ne muaba wa nshidimukilu wakashintuluka e kuya ku Mputu. Tshimenga tshia Alexandrie tshiakakuluka mu lukama lua bidimu lua muanda mutekete bikondo bietu ebi. pakalua baluishi kukuata tshimenga etshi. Too ne lelu eu, bamanyi ba malu a kale badi anu badila bua dijimija dia tshilaminu tshia mikanda atshi tshiende lumu. Bamue badi bamba ne: dijimina diatshi diakapingaja dishidimuka dia bantu panyima bidimu 1 000.

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

L. Chapons/​Illustrirte Familien-Bibel nach der deutschen Uebersetzung Dr. Martin Luthers

[Kazubu mu dibeji 12]

NGAKUILU WA TSHIFUANYIKIJILU LELU

Tshifuanyikijilu tshitu pa tshibidilu “ngakuilu muenza ne bimfuanyi ne bienzedi bifuikakaja bia malu malelela anyi malu mamanyike a nsombelu wa bantu.” Batu bamba ne: mikanda idi ne bifuanyikijilu bia malu itu ne bimanyinu bia malu a mushinga mukole adi masokoka. Anu bu muvua Philon wa ku Alexandrie, bamue balongeshi ba malu a Nzambi ba lelu badi banyemena ku ngakuilu eu wa tshifuanyikijilu bua kumvuija malu a mu Bible.

Tangila Genese nshapita 1-11, mudibu bafunde muyuki wa katshia ku difukibua dia muntu too ne ku ditangalaka dia bantu ku tshibumba tshia Babele. Bible kampanda wa bena Katolike udi wamba bua tshitupa etshi tshia Mukanda wa Nzambi ne: “Bua kumvuija bimpe malu malelela adi mu nshapita eyi kudi tshisamba tshia Isalele tshivua ne bua kualama, avua ne bua kuambibua ku diambuluisha dia ngenyi ivua mitambe kumanyika mu tshisamba atshi ne mu tshikondo atshi. Bua bualu ebu, malu malelela wowu mine adi ne bua kuikala masunguluja bimpe ne mumvuija adibu baavuadike.” (The New American Bible) Ebi bidi bileja ne: Genese nshapita 1-11 ki nya kuangata anu mushindu udibu bayifunde au to. Kadi anu bu mudi tshivualu (tshilamba) tshibuikila mubidi, ke mudi mêyi abuikila diumvuija dile didi munda muawu.

Kadi Yezu wakalongesha yeye ne: malu adi mu nshapita ayi ya ntuadijilu ya mukanda wa Genese nga kuangata anu mudiwu amu. (Matayo 19:4-6; 24:37-39) Bapostolo aba, Paulo ne Petelo bakalongesha muomumue. (Bienzedi 17:24-26; 2 Petelo 2:5; 3:6, 7) Balongi ba Bible ba muoyo umue badi babenga mumvuija adi kaayi apetangana ne Dîyi dia Nzambi mu kabujima kadi.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 9]

Nzubu wa muendu wa ku Alexandrie

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Archives Charmet/​Bridgeman Art Library