Kodi Chidziŵitso Chamwadzidzidzi Nchiyani?

MADZULO ena mu 1893, kalaliki wa pakampani ya malasha mu Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A., anaona chipangizo chachilendo chopangidwa ndi ziŵiya zina ndi mikombero yanjinga chikuyenda mwaphokoso m’khwalala. Mwadzidzidzi, anakhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu—chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi. Mwanjira inayake iye anadziŵa kuti apa panali chopangidwa chokhala ndi mtsogolo. Mofulumira anakatenga ndalama zokwanira madola chikwi chimodzi zomwe anasunga nakazisungitsa m’kampani ya wopangayo, akumanyalanyaza kuseka kwa akatswiri amene anaumirira kuti chipangizo chachilendocho sichikatchuka konse. Pafupifupi zaka 30 pambuyo pake, anagulitsa mbali yake ya chumacho m’kampani yamagalimoto ya Henry Ford pamtengo wa $35 miliyoni. Kunena zowona, chidziŵitso chake chamwadzidzidzi chinachititsa phindu lalikulu!

Wasayansi wotchuka Albert Einstein ndimunthu wina amene anachita zinthu mwa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi. Anali ndi lingaliro—lomwe pambuyo pake analitcha ganizo lachimwemwe koposa m’moyo wake—lomwe linatsogolera ku kubadwa kwa nthanthi yotchuka ya general relativity. Einstein anatsimikiza kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi nchofunika potumba malamulo achilengedwe. Komabe, simalingaliro onse amphamvu a Einstein amene anakhala achipambano. Iye anaulula kuti panthaŵi ina anataya zaka ziŵiri za ntchito yolimba mwakulondola chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chachinyengo chomwe sichinampindulitse konse.

Ndithudi, nthaŵi zonse chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi sichimachititsa kutchuka ndi chuma, ndiponso sichiri kokha chigawo cha anthu anzeru zoposa ndi ampondamatiki. Kwa ambirife, chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chiri mbali yanthaŵi zonse ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chingachite mbali ina m’zosankha zambiri zimene timapanga: chosankha cha kusakhulupirira mlendo, kugamulapo kaya kuyamba bizinezi, kuzindikira kuti chinachake ncholakwika ndi bwenzi limene liwu lake silinamveke bwino patelefoni.

Komabe, ambiri amadalira pa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kupanga zosankha zofunika kwambiri: ntchito yoilondola, kumene akakhale, amene angakwatire, ngakhale chipembedzo chimene angalondole. Pamene chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chilephera kubweretsa phindu m’mbali zimenezi, zotaika zake zingakhale zazikulu kuposa zaka ziŵiri za ntchito, zomwe Einstein anataya. Pamenepo, kodi “chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi” nchiyani? Kodi chimagwira ntchito motani? Kodi nchodalirika motani?

Msungwana wina wazaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 19, wogwidwa mawu mu The Intuitive Edge, yolembedwa ndi Philip Goldberg, anayankha funso limenelo mwakunena kuti: “Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi ndicho pamene udziŵa chinachake, mwachitsanzo, kuti chachokera kuti?” Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chafotokozedwa kukhala “chidziŵitso chimene munthu amakhala nacho popanda kukumbukira kapena kulingalira.” Kukuwoneka kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimaphatikizapo mtundu wina wa kulumpha—kuchoka pa kuwona vuto kufika pa mankhwala ake. Mwadzidzidzi, timangodziŵa yankho kapena kumvetsetsa mkhalidwewo. Komabe, zimenezo sizikutanthauza kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chiri chofanana ndi chisonkhezero kapena chikhumbo.

Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti, “Pamene ndinachiwona, ndinadziŵa kuti ndiyenera kukhala nacho,” samafotokoza chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kukhala chikhumbo. Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chingawoneke kukhala chofanana ndi chikhumbo popeza kuti chimawoneka kuchitika popanda kulingalira kotsimikizirika, kwadongosolo. Koma chiyambi chake sichiri chamaganizo ndi chinsinsi mofanana ndi zikhumbo zomwe zimachokera m’mitima yathu yomwe kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ‘yonyenga.’—Yeremiya 17:9.

Mwachiwonekere chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi sinzeru yachinsinsi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ayi. Monga momwe The World Book Encyclopedia ikunenera kuti: “Anthu ena amatcha molakwa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kukhala ‘nzeru yachisanu ndi chimodzi.’ Koma kaŵirikaŵiri kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimazikidwa pa chokumana nacho, makamaka chokumana nacho cha anthu ozindikira zinthu kwambiri.” Munthuyo amakundika “nkhokwe ya zikumbukiro ndi malingaliro,” ikugomeka motero Encyclopedia imeneyo, komwe maganizo angatengeko “malingaliro amwadzidzidzi [otchedwa] chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi, kapena ‘malingaliro amphamvu.’”

Chotero mmalo mokhala mkhalidwe wachinsinsi kapena wamatsenga, chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimawoneka kuti chimadza mwachibadwa pamene munthu apeza ukatswiri. Monga momwe magazini a Psychology Today ananenera posachedwapa kuti: “Ofufuza apeza kuti anthu okhala ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi ali ndi mkhalidwe umodzi waukulu: Ali akatswiri m’mbali zakutizakuti . . . za chidziŵitso. Ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito mosavuta chidziŵitso chachikuluchi kuthetsera mavuto mwanjira yapadera. Kwenikweni, anthu amawonekera kukhala ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti—ndi kuukulu wotani—amakhala ndi ukatswiri.” Koma kodi nchifukwa ninji ukatswiri ungapangitse chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi?

Michael Prietula, profesa wongothandizira pamalo oyang’anira indasitale, anapereka nthanthi yakuti pamene apeza chidziŵitso chowonjezereka cha nkhani, “pamakhala kusintha kosalekeza pa kuganiza ndi kulingalira kwa anthu.” Maganizo amalinganiza chidziŵitsocho kukhala mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mbali zazikulu za chidziŵitso zimenezi nthaŵi zina zimatheketsa maganizo kupitirira njira zotenga nthaŵi, zatsatanetsatane nkulumphira ku chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi, kapena malingaliro amphamvu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Prietula, malingaliro amphamvuwo amawongokera pamene ubongo ugwirizanitsa mbali zambiri zimenezi.

Talingalirani chitsanzo cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha m’bukhu la Brain Function: “Tapenyani wosula maloko akugwira ntchito pamene akuloŵetsa waya wopindika m’loko wocholoŵana namutsegula, ngati kuti akutsogozedwa ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chachinsinsi.” Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha wosula malokoyo chingawoneke chachinsinsi kwa wopenyerera; kwenikweni, chimadza ndi kuzoloŵera kwa zaka zambiri. Tonsefe timagwiritsira ntchito mtundu umenewu wa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukutchova njinga, simumanena nokha momvekera zinthu zonga, ‘Ndiganiza ndikhotetsere pang’ono mkombero wakutsogolo kumanzere kapena kulamanja, kupanda apo ndidzagwa.’ Ayi, ubongo umapanga zosankha zoterozo mwadzidzidzi, zozikidwa pa chidziŵitso chomwe mwachipeza.

Mofananamo, chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha Einstein mu physics sichinabwere popanda kanthu. Iye anali ndi nkhokwe yaikulu yaukatswiri komwe anachitengako. Komabe, ukatswiri m’mbali imodzi sungatsogolere ku chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi m’mbali ina. Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha Einstein sichinamthandize kuthetsa vuto la mpopi wamadzi.

Kwa ambiri, mawu akuti “akazi” ndi “chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi” amayendera limodzi. Kodi akazi alidi ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chochuluka kuposa amuna? Ndipo ngati ndichoncho, kodi ndimotani mmene kupeza ukatswiri kungafotokozere mkhalidwewu?

Talingalirani chitsanzo chofala. Mwana alira. Nakubala wozoloŵera, ali wotanganidwa m’chipinda china, atenga mateŵera m’malo mokonzekera kukadyetsa mwanayo. Chifukwa ninji? Iye wakhala ndi mphamvu ya chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi yokhudza kulira kwa mwana wake. Amadziŵa kuti ndikulira kotani kumene kumalongosola zosoŵa zimene mwanayo akufuna ndi nthaŵi imene zingabuke. M’kamphindi kochepa, ndipo popanda kulingalira kwenikweni, amakhoza kuzindikira zimene mwanayo akufuna ndi kuzipereka. Kodi nzeru ina yachinsinsi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ndiyo ikugwira ntchito? Ayi, chidziŵitso chake chamwadzidzidzi chazikidwa pa ukatswiri wake monga nakubala, phindu lopezedwa mwakuyesayesa mwakhama ndi kuzoloŵera. Nakubala watsopano kapena mlezi wamwana angathedwe nzeru mumkhalidwe umodzimodziwo.

Komabe, lingaliro la chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha akazi siliri lolekezera pa unakubala. Ambiri azindikira kuti kaŵirikaŵiri akazi amakhoza kuzindikira mikhalidwe yovuta kumvetsetsa imene imaloŵetsamo anthu ndi maumunthu mofulumira kwambiri ndipo mwachidziŵitso kuposa amuna. Asayansi sali otsimikiza kuti nchifukwa ninji amuna ndi akazi amawoneka kusiyana pankhaniyi.

Modalira pa kupenda kwake nkhaniyi, katswiri wamaganizo Weston Agor wa pa Yunivesite ya Texas, El Paso, anatsimikiza kuti ngakhale kuti akazi ali ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chokulira pa avereji kuposa amuna, kusiyana kumeneko nkozikidwa pa maleredwe osati kapangidwe kathupi. Akatswiri ena atsimikizanso kuti ntchito zamwambo za akazi zimaŵaphunzitsa kukhala aluntha lenileni lozindikira khalidwe. Monga momwe katswiri wa makhalidwe a anthu Margaret Mead akufotokozera kuti: “Chifukwa cha kuphunzira kwawo kwanthaŵi yaitali maunansi a anthu—popeza kuti zimenezo ndizo zomwe chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha akazi chiri—akazi ali ndi mbali yapadera yomwe angachite m’gulu lirilonse lamalonda.”

Ngakhale ziri zowona kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha akazi ndinkhani yokaikiritsa, pali kuvomereza komakulakula pakati pa akatswiri kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi ndichiŵiya chofunika kwambiri ponse paŵiri kwa amuna ndi akazi. M’bukhu lake la The Process of Education, katswiri wamaganizo Jerome Bruner akunena kuti: “Chitamando chimene asayansi amapereka kwa mabwenzi awo amene amadzipezera dzina la ‘wachidziŵitso’ chiri umboni waukulu wakuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi nchinthu chofunika m’sayansi ndipo tiyenera kukalimira kuchikulitsa mwa ophunzira athu.”

Komabe, siophunzira sayansi okha amene amazindikira phindu la luso la chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi ndi kukhumba kuchikulitsa. Funso nlakuti, Kodi zingachitike? Kunena zowona, anthu ena ali ndi mphatso yokulira ya chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kuposa ena. Koma popeza kuti chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimawonekera kukhala chogwirizana kwambiri ndi kupeza ukatswiri, akatswiri ena amalingalira kuti tingakulitse luso lobadwa nalo la chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi mwakupereka chisamaliro chachikulu pa njira imene timaphunzirira.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukuŵerenga, osangodzaza maganizo ndi mfundo zambiri. Dzutsani mafunso. Mveketsani zirizonse zimene simunamvetsetse. Yesani kufupikitsa mfundo zazikulu ndi kupeza zigamulo pasadakhale. Mmalo moyesayesa kumvetsetsa tsatanetsatane wochulukitsitsa, funafunani mbali zazikulu, ndi malamulo amakhalidwe oloŵetsedwamo. Monga momwe katswiri wamaganizo profesa Robert Glaser akuwonera kuti, “luso lakuzindikira madongosolo ambiri atanthauzo” ndilo maziko enieni a chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi.

Ndithudi, sichidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chonse chimene chili chaphindu. Mwachitsanzo, bwanji ngati chidziŵitso chomwe chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzicho chazikidwapo chinali cholakwa? Lingaliro lomvekera limenelo lingatisonkhezere kuyesa mosamalitsa kulongosoka kwa zimene tiphunzira. Pafupifupi zaka 2,000 zapitazo, Baibulo mwanzeru linanena zimenezo. Afilipi 1:10 (NW) akunena motere: “Tsimikizirani zinthu zofunika kwambiri.”—Onaninso Machitidwe 17:11.

Chopinga china cha chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi nchakuti chingaipitsidwe ndi malingaliro athu. Ndicho chifukwa chake kudalira kotheratu pa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi popanga zosankha zazikulu kapena popenda anthu kungakhale kwangozi. “Pamene mwasunga maganizo pa chinthu china, chidziŵitso chanu chamwadzidzidzi sichingakhale chodalirika ngati simuika maganizo anu mumkhalidwe wabwino,” akuchenjeza tero katswiri wamaganizo Evelyn Vaughan. Mkwiyo, mantha, njiru, ndi chidani—malingaliro amphamvu ameneŵa, ngakhale kuti saali chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi mwa iwo okha, angasonkhezere ndipo ngakhale kuipitsa chidziŵitso chathu chamwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za anthu aŵiri omwe akhala akudana kwambiri kwanthaŵi yaitali. Pamene kusamvana kwatsopano kubuka, aliyense wa iwo ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi amadziŵa kuti winayo ali ndi zolinga zoipa. Komabe, Baibulo limatichenjeza mwanzeru kupeŵa mtundu umenewu wa kuweruza monga ‘mopenyeka pamaso.’—2 Akorinto 10:7.

Mkhalidwe wina, kunyada, ungatichititse kuwona chidziŵitso chathu chamwadzidzidzi kukhala chapamwamba, ngati kuti chinali ndi phindu lapadera poyerekezera ndi luntha ndi malingaliro za ena. Tingafulumire kupanga zosankha popanda kufunsa amene akuyambukiridwa. Kapena kunyada kungapangitse kumamatira mouma khosi ku chosankha chamwadzidzidzi mosasamala kanthu za kuvulaza malingaliro a ena kapena uphungu wabwino wa ena. Kachiŵirinso, Baibulo liri ndi uphungu wina wanzeru uwu: ‘Ngati wina ayesa ali kanthu pokhala ali chabe, adzinyenga yekha.’—Agalatiya 6:3.

Pomalizira, kudalira mwamphamvu pa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi kungachititse ulesi wakuganiza. Palibe njira zachidule zopezera chidziŵitso, kumvetsetsa, ndi nzeru; kuphunzira kolinganizidwa bwino ndiko njira yokha. Chotero mmalo mogwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi choyamba kubwera m’maganizo, munthu wanzeru amasunga nkhokwe ya chidziŵitso, chomwe pambuyo pake chimakhala magwero a kuzindikira, chidziŵitso—ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri a chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi.

Ndiiko komwe, chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimakhala chaphindu kokha ngati chili chogwirizana ndi maganizo aakulu koposa m’chilengedwe chonse—maganizo a Mlengi. Ndiye magwero a chidziŵitso cholongosoka ndi nzeru yeniyeni, ndipo amafuna kuti tikhale ndi chidziŵitso chopindulitsa chimenechi. Kupyolera m’Baibulo, mokoma mtima amatipatsa mwaŵi wakuwona maganizo ake, malingaliro, ndi zochita. Pamene tigwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso choterocho m’miyoyo yathu, “zizindikiritso” zathu, kuphatikizapo chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi, ‘zimazoloŵeretsedwa.’—Ahebri 5:14.

Chotero pezani ukatswiri m’mbali imeneyi ya chidziŵitso chonena za Mlengi ndi Mwana wake. (Yohane 17:3) Simudzapeza kalikonse kamene kali kaphindu kofunikira kukalimira kwanu. Palibe magwero ena abwinopo oposa awa omwe chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chingadalirepo.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 16]

Einstein anaika chigogomezero chachikulu pa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 17]

Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi sinzeru yachinsinsi yachisanu ndi chimodzi

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 17]

Kodi akazi alidi ndi chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chochuluka kuposa amuna?

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 19]

Chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi chimakhala chosadalirika ngati chazikidwa pa chidziŵitso cholakwa

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Mwa chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi nakubala amazindikira zimene mwana akufuna atalira