Chifukwa Chimene Anasinthira Zinthu Zake Zoyamba

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU BRITAIN

Mwadzidzidzi kunamveka nyimbo yokoma. Nyimboyo inapitiriza kumveka mosalekeza. Ndinachita kakasi. “Ndi nightingale!” Jeremy ananong’ona. Pang’onopang’ono tinazungulira thengo loŵiriralo, tikumayesetsa kuona magwero a kamvekedwe kokongola kameneko. Ndiyeno, tinaona mbalame yamanyazi, yovuta kuiona ya maonekedwe odera ili mkati mwa thengolo. “Zakhala bwino kuti taiona,” anatero Jeremy pomalizira pake pamene tinali kuchoka. “Ndi anthu ochepa amene amatha kuiona.”

NDINALI nditabwera kudzacheza tsikulo ndi Jeremy, woyang’anira Minsmere, malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe a mahekitala 800 a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), amene ali pa amodzi a malo akummaŵa kwambiri a England. Mkati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri yadziko, mbali imeneyi ya gombe la North Sea inali yosefukira ndi madzi kuti atetezere kuukira kwa Germany kothekera. Monga chotulukapo, bango linayamba kumera ndipo ma avocet anayamba kukhala m’madambo. Chikondwerero chinakula mu 1947 pamene ma avocet asanu ndi atatu anamanga zisa, popeza mtundu umenewu sunabalane ku Britain kwa zaka zoposa 100.

Posapita nthaŵi RSBP inatenga malowo, ndipo tsopano ndi malo osungirako zolengedwa zofunika padziko lonse. Kuwonjezera pa bango, malo a mbalamewo amaphatikizapo mathamanda a madzi amchere ndi madzi abwino—lalikulu kwambiri lotchedwa Scrape—gombe la timiyala, mchenga wounjikana, madambo, thengo la udzu, malo a makande ndi nkhalango yokhala ndi mitengo imene imayoyotsa masamba ndi imene simayoyotsa yomwe. Mitundu ya mbalame yoposa 330 yalembedwa, 100 kapena kuposapo ya imeneyo yobadwira pamalowo. Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kumeneku kwa mbalame kwenikweni kuli chifukwa cha njira zopitamo posamuka za m’mbali mwa gombe la kummaŵa, koma uyang’aniro wabwino wachitanso zambiri.

“Ndinafika kuno mu 1975,” anandiuza motero Jeremy, ‘chifukwa chakuti Minsmere inapereka chitokoso chapadera. Kuyambira mu 1966 avocet inakhala chizindikiro, ndipo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi inakhala logo ya RSPB. Minsmere tsopano imaonedwa ndi ambiri kukhala malo ofunika koposa osungiramo chilengedwe a RSBP, ikumalandira alendo oposa 80,000 chaka chilichonse.’

Chitokoso Choyamba

“Chidwi changa chinayambira kusukulu,” anapitiriza motero Jeremy tikumayenda. “Ndinaphunzira kuveka mbalame mphete kumeneko ndi kuphunzira kusamuka kwa mbalame. Podzafika kumapeto kwa ma 1960, ndinali kuveka mphete mbalame pakati pa 12,000 ndi 20,000 pa chaka monga chinthu changa chokondedwa. Ndiyeno, Chris Mead wa British Trust for Ornithology anandipempha kuti ndimke naye pa ulendo wa ku Spain kukaveka mphete mbalame zimene zimayenda kudutsa Sahara. Ukonde wogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndiwo wazingwe zazing’ono kwambiri wakuda, wosiyana utali kuyambira pa mamita 6 kufika pa mamita 18, umene umalenjekeka momasuka, ndipo woikidwa mosamala kutsogolo kwa mitengo kotero kuti mbalame zisauone. Mbalamezo sizivulazidwa, ndipo pamene zimachotsedwa mu ukondewo, mphete yaing’ono yachizindikiro, kaŵirikaŵiri yopangidwa ndi Monel Metal, imavekedwa kumwendo.a Kutairira mbalamezo kumafunanso luso. Woveka mbalame mphete samaponya mbalame zake m’mwamba, monga momwe mumaonera nthaŵi zina pa wailesi yakanema. Amangozileka kuti zipite pamene zifunira. Mwachitsanzo, ma Swift amamamatira ku zovala zathonje za munthu ndi kuuluka pamene afunira.

“Chimenecho chinali chochitika chosangalatsa kwambiri chimene ndinatengera tchuthi cha milungu isanu ndi umodzi—ndipo ntchito yanga inatha chifukwa cha zimenezo! Monga chotulukapo chake, ndinasankha kusintha ndi kulondola ntchito yanga yapamtima—kusunga chilengedwe, makamaka mbalame. Ndinasangalala kwambiri pamene RSBP inandiitana kukagwirizana nawo mu 1967.”

Kufunika kwa Nyimbo za Mbalame ndi Kulira Kwake

Kodi mumadziŵa motani mbalame? Nthaŵi zina mwa kuiona, koma kuchita motero mwa nyimbo yake, kapena kulira kwake, nkodalirika kwambiri. Luso la Jeremy pa zimenezi nlodziŵika bwino kwambiri. Katswiri wa zinthu zachilengedwe David Tomlinson mosirira analemba kuti Jeremy “samangodziŵa mbalame ndi nyimbo zake, koma ndithudi akhoza kuzisiyanitsa mwa njira imene zimakokera mpweya pamene zikuimba!”

“Mbalame zimalankhuzana,” anafotokoza motero Jeremy. “Kulira kulikonse kumatanthauza chinachake. Mwachitsanzo, pamene pali nyama yolusa pafupi, ma avocet, ma lapwing, akakoŵa, ndi ma redshank onse ali ndi kulira kwawo kwapadera, koma kulira kulikonse kumatanthauza chinthu chimodzimodzicho: ‘Pali nkhandwe pafupi!’ Ndingadzuke m’tulo tatikulu ndi kudziŵa nthaŵi yomweyo pamene pali nkhandwe, mwa mtundu wa mbalame imene ikulira. Koma musaiŵale kuti ankhandwe nawonso ali ndi khutu lakumva bwino kwambiri. Tinadabwa chifukwa chimene ma tern sanali kuswana kwambiri chaka china ndipo tinatulukira kuti nkhandwe inali kumvetsera anapiye akulira mkati mwa dzira asanaswe. Pamene anangowapeza, anawadya!”

Luso la Kuonerera Mbalame

Woonerera mbalame waluso ku Britain angaone mitundu ya mbalame yosiyanasiyana yoposa 220 m’chaka chimodzi. Ma Twitcher, ophunzira mbalame zosaonekaoneka ndi oonerera mbalame amene amapikisana kulemba mbalame zosaonekaoneka zimene aona, angadziŵe mitundu ya mbalame yoposa 320.b Mbiri yakuti mbalame ina yaonedwa idzawapititsa ulendo kudutsa dzikolo kuti akadzionere okha. Jeremy wakhala wokhutiritsidwa kwambiri. “Sindingayende ndi galimoto kuposa pa makilomita 16 kukaona mtundu wosaonekaoneka,” anatero motsimikizira. ‘Kwenikweni, pali mitundu itatu yokha imene ndinapita kukaiona: nutcraker, buff-breasted sandpiper, ndi great bustard, zonse mosapyola pa makilomita 16. Ngakhale kuti ndikudziŵa bwino lomwe mitundu 500, ndikudziŵa kuti ndi chiŵerengero chaching’ono kwenikweni. Mukudziŵa, kuzungulira dziko pali mitundu 9,000 ya mbalame!’

Pamene tinalunjikitsa mabainokyula athu chakumadambo, Jeremy anawonjezera, koma mwachisoni kuti: “Ndinali ndisanaganizepo za moyo wachimwemwe kapena wobala zipatso woposa uwu, makamaka zaka zanga 16 pa Minsmere!” Ndinamuyang’ana ndi kukumbukira nkhani imene inali itatuluka kumene mu The Times, nyuzipepala ya ku London. Iyo inati: “Minsmere inali chipambano chake [cha Jeremy] choposa, m’ntchito ya moyo wake wonse.” Jeremy anali kuchokako ku Minsmere. Chifukwa ninji?

Mbewu ndi Kukula

Kuchiyambi kwake tsikulo, tinali titaona kukwerana kwapadera kwa ma avocet. “Kukongola kwakeko,” Jeremy anatero, “sikunganenedwe kuti kunakhalako chifukwa cha chisinthiko. Koma ndikukumbukira ndikuvomereza zaka zingapo kumbuyoku, pamene ndinafunsidwa ngati ndimakhulupira kuti kuli Mulungu: ‘Sindikudziŵa chilichonse—ndipo sindikudziŵa mmene ndingadziŵire!’ Chotero pamene ndinapemphedwa kuŵerenga Baibulo, ndinavomera mosazengereza. Sindinali kudziŵa zambiri ponena za ilo ndipo ndinalingalira kuti palibe chimene ndingataye—ndipo mwinamwake nkukhala kopindulitsa. Tsopano, chifukwa cha zimene ndaphunzira, ndikuchoka pa Minsmere kukakhala mtumiki wanthaŵi zonse.”

Kwa zaka khumi Michael, mkulu wa Jeremy, anali “mpainiya,” liwu limene Mboni za Yehova zimagwiritsira ntchito kunena alaliki awo a anthaŵi zonse. Pamene tinakhala pansi tikumwa tiyi, Jeremy anayamba kufotokoza mwachidule za maganizo ake a kugwirizana ndi mkulu wake. “Anzanga onse akulemekeza chosankha changa chimene ndapanga,” anafotokoza motero Jeremy. “A RSBP ali okondweretsedwa ndi osamala za ena. Andipatsa chichirikizo chawo chonse ndipo afunadi ngakhale kundipatsa mphotho yaikulu ya m’dziko lonse.”

Komabe, ndinadziŵa kuti panali zitsutso zina.

Kufunika kwa Uchikatikati

“Anthu ambiri akhala ochirikiza, koma mwatsoka, ena akuoneka kuti ali ndi lingaliro lolakwika la ntchito yanga kuno,” Jeremy anatero motsimikizira. “Amalingalira kuti chotetezera mkhalidwe wauzimu chachikulu ndicho kukhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe, kusamalira nyama zakuthengo—kugwirira ntchito kusungitsa chilengedwe. Amandiuza kuti pamenepo ndipo pafupi kwambiri ndi paradaiso pamene ungafike, ndiye nkuchokeranji?

“Mwachionekere, ntchitoyo ili ndi mbali ina yauzimu, koma zimenezo sizimalingana ndi mkhalidwe wauzimu. Mkhalidwe wauzimu ndiwo chinthu chaumwini, mkhalidwe umene umatenga nthaŵi yaitali kuukulitsa. Umaloŵetsamo kufunika kwa kuyanjana ndi mpingo wachikristu ndi kuusamalira, kumangirira ndi kumangiriridwa. Nthaŵi zina ndimalingalira kuti ndakhala ndikuyesa kuchita zimene Yesu anati sitingachite—kutumikira ambuye aŵiri. Tsopano ndikuzindikira kuti malo otetezereka kwambiri ndiwo pakati penipenipo pa mpingo wachikristu, ndipo njira yofikira pamenepo ndiyo kuchita upainiya!”

Zinthu Zoyamba Kusamaliridwa

‘Musandimve molakwa. Kusamalira chilengedwe ndi kosangalatsa ndi kokhutiritsa, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina kumakhala kogwiritsa mwala. Mwachitsanzo, kuipitsa malowa kwa PCB ndi mercury kwafika pamlingo wodetsa nkhaŵa—ndipo sitikudziŵa chifukwa chake chenicheni, ngakhale kuti tikuganizira kuti mikunga ndi imene ikukuchititsa.c Koma zilizonse zimene ndingachite kuti ndiwongolere mkhalidwewo nzochepa kwambiri. Palibe munthu amene ali katswiri wa ecology. Tonse timangoyesayesa, tikumaphunzira zochuluka zimene tingathe. Tifunikira chitsogozo. Mlengi wathu yekha ndiye amene akudziŵa mmene tiyenera kukhalira ndi kusamalira dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zake zambiri zosiyanasiyana za moyo.’

Mwachifatse, Jeremy anamaliza kufotokoza malingaliro ake mwakunena kuti: “Sindinapatulire moyo wanga kwa Yehova kuti ndipulumutse nyama zakuthengo; iye akhoza kuzisamalira bwino kwambiri. Mwa Ufumu wake, adzatsimikizira kuti nyama zakuthengo zikuyang’aniridwa ndi ife kunthaŵi zonse m’njira imene akufuna kuti tichitire. Kulalikira uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu kuyenera kukhala koyamba tsopano ngati ndikufuna kuchita thayo langa la kusamala munthu mnzanga.”

Ndinaonananso ndi Jeremy posachedwapa. Panali patapita zaka zitatu kuyambira pamene tinathera tsiku losangalatsalo pamodzi mosungira zolengedwa. Tsopano akukhala pa mtunda wa makilomita asanu ndi atatu kuchokera ku Minsmere wake wokondedwa, akumachita upainiya ndi mkulu wake mwachimwemwe. Koma anandiuza kuti anthu ena amati sakumvetsabe. Kodi mukumvetsa? Kwa Jeremy, inali nkhani ya kuchita zinthu zoyamba.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 17]

Chitsitsimulo Chokondweretsa

Munthu mmodzi yekha mwa anthu khumi ndiye amatha kuona nightingale imene amva, koma nyimbo yake itamvedwa siimaiŵalika. “Ndi nyimbo yeniyeni ndi yokwanira,” analemba motero Simon Jenkins mu The Times ya ku London. Mbalameyo kaŵirikaŵiri imaimba mosalekeza—ina yamvedwa ikuimba maola asanu ndi mphindi 25. Kodi nchiyani chimene chimachititsa nyimboyo kukhala yapadera? Mmero wa nightingale umatulutsa mawu anayi osiyanasiyana panthaŵi imodzi. Ndipo ingachite zimenezi itatseka mlomo wake kapena ndi kamwa lake lodzaza chakudya cha ana ake. Kodi nchifukwa ninji imaimba kwambiri choncho? Kaamba ka chisangalalo chake, ena amatero. “Kodi chilengedwe chonse chili ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa monga mmero wa nightingale?” akumaliza motero Jenkins.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Roger Wilmshurst/RSPB

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Scrape

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chilolezo cha Geoff Welch

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Black-headed gull

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chilolezo cha Hilary & Geoff Welch

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Avocet

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Sandwich Tern

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Redshank