Kodi Nchiyani Chachitikira Zosangulutsa?

KODI zinali bwanji kuti Aroma akalewo, omwe akusimbidwa kuti anasunga kwambiri mwambo wa chikhalidwe chawo, nkuona kuzunzika kwa anthu anzawo kukhala chosangulutsa? “Chifukwa chokha chiyenera kukhala kukhumba zosangulutsa zatsopano ndi zamphamvu kwambiri,” analemba choncho Gerhard Uhlhorn m’buku lakuti The Conflict of Christianity With Heathenism. “Posakhutiranso ndi zosangalatsa zimene zingakhalepo, anthu anafunafuna . . . zokondweretsa zimene sanathenso kupeza kwina kulikonse.”

Anthu ambiri lero amasonyeza ‘chikhumbo chimodzimodzi cha zosangulutsa zatsopano ndi zamphamvu kwambiri.’ Zoona, iwo sangasonkhane kuti apenyerere kuphana kwenikweni kapena chisembwere. Koma zosangulutsa zimene amasankha zimasonyeza chikhumbo chimodzimodzi cha chiwawa ndi chisembwere. Taonani zitsanzo zina.

Mafilimu. Zaka zaposachedwapa opanga mafilimu aonetsa “kukonda zonyansa,” akutero wopenda mafilimu Michael Medved. Nawonjezera kuti: “Malingaliro operekedwa m’malonda a mafilimu akuoneka kukhala akuti nkhanza ndi zonyansa zina zosonyezedwa ziyenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro ndi kuonedwa kukhala zofunika, kuposa zosonyeza ulemu ndi khalidwe labwino.”

Mpikisano ndi wailesi yakanema wakakamiza opanga mafilimu kuchita monyanya m’njira zawo zokopera anthu kunyumba za mafilimu. “Timafuna mafilimu amphamvu ndi olasa mtima, omwe amakopa kuposa zonse zija zomwe anthu amaona pa TV,” akutero tcheyamani wa nyumba ina ya mafilimu. “Sindiye kuti timangokonda kuonetsa mwazi ndi nkhondo ndi [zotukwana], koma ndizo zofunika zimenezo kuti upange filimu.” Ndithudi, ambiri samadabwanso ngakhale ndi filimu yosonyeza chiwawa choipitsitsa. Mkulu wa zamafilimu, Alan J. Pakula akunena kuti: “Mafilimuwo samawakhudzanso mtima anthu. Imfa zawonjezeka kwambiri, mabomba awonjezera mphamvu yake, koma zonsezi siziwakhudzanso mtima anthu. Akakala mitima moti nkhanza saiyesanso kanthu.”

Wailesi yakanema. Kuonetsa poyera anthu akugonana pa TV tsopano nkofalikira m’mbali zambiri za dziko, kuphatikizapo Brazil, Ulaya, ndi Japan. Munthu wopenyerera TV pamlingo wapakati mu America amaona kapena kumva za kugonana zofika ngati 14,000 pachaka chimodzi. “Palibe chizindikiro chilichonse chakuti kuchuluka kwa nkhani zakugonana ndi kuzionetsa poyera kudzachepako,” likutero gulu lina lofufuza. “Nkhani zimene kale zinali malodza monga kugonana pachibale, kukondwa ndi kuzunzika kwa wina, ndi kugona nyama tsopano zakhala zopezerapo ndalama.”

Malinga ndi kunena kwa buku lakuti Watching America, pali chifukwa chochititsa kulekerera zinthu konyanya pa wailesi yakanema. Limati: “Kugonana kumapezetsa ndalama zambiri. . . . Mmene makampani oulutsa nkhani ndi opanga akanema anapeza kuti anali kusangulutsa openyerera ambiri kuposa amene anawakwiyitsa, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi awonjeza malonda a akanema awo mwa kuonetsa zamalodza m’njira yapoyera kwambiri.”

Maseŵero a Pavidiyo. Maseŵero a pavidiyo abwinopo oyambirira otchedwa Pac-Man ndi Donkey Kong atifikitsa kunyengo ya maseŵero oopsa ndi auchiŵanda. Profesa Marsha Kinder akunena kuti maseŵerowa ali “oipitsitsa kuposa TV kapena filimu.” Iwo amapereka “lingaliro lakuti njira yokha yokhalira ndi ulamuliro ndiyo chiwawa.”

Chifukwa cha kudera nkhaŵa kwa anthu, kampani yotsogolera pakupanga mavidiyo mu United States tsopano imagwiritsira ntchito njira yosiyanitsa maseŵero apavidiyo. Vidiyo yokhala ndi chizindikiro cha “MA-17”—chosonyeza kuti seŵerolo nla “achikulire” ndipo nlosayenera osafika pazaka 17—ingakhale ndi chiwawa, nkhani zakugonana, ndi zotukwana. Komabe, ena akuopa kuti chizindikiro chakuti “achikulire” chidzangowonjezera chikoka cha seŵerolo. Wachinyamata wina wokonda kwambiri maseŵero anati: “Ngati ndinali wazaka 15 ndiyeno nkuona chizindikiro cha MA-17, ndingagule vidiyo imeneyo pamtengo uliwonse.”

Nyimbo. Magazini imene imapenda mawu a m’nyimbo zotchuka ikunena kuti kumapeto kwa 1995, panali nyimbo 10 zokha pa maalubamu 40 otchuka zomwe zinalibemo mawu otukwana kapena kunena za anamgoneka, chiwawa, kapena zakugonana. St. Louis Post-Dispatch ikunena kuti: “Nyimbo zopezeka kwa ana aang’ono nzothetsa nzeru, zambiri zimatamanda poyera upandu weniweni. [Nyimbo] zomwe zimakopa achinyamata ena nzodzala ndi mkwiyo ndi kutaya mtima ndipo zimapatsa malingaliro akuti dziko ndi womvetserayo alibe chiyembekezo chilichonse.”

Nyimbo za death metal, “grunge” rock, ndi “gangsta” rap zimalimbikitsa chiwawa. Ndipo malinga ndi lipoti la San Francisco Chronicle, “ambiri a m’makampani ochirikiza zosangulutsa akunena kuti magulu oopsa kwambiri ndiwo adzapambana kwenikweni.” Nyimbo zotamanda mkwiyo ndi imfa tsopano zatchuka mu Australia, Ulaya, ndi Japan. Zoona, magulu ena ayesa kuimba nyimbo zabwino. Komabe, Chronicle ikunena kuti: “Umboni umasonyeza kuti zimenezo zilibe malonda kwenikweni.”

Makompyuta. Zimenezi ndi zipangizo zabwino ndipo zimathandiza kwambiri. Komabe, ena azigwiritsira ntchito kufalitsa nkhani zonyansa. Mwachitsanzo, magazini yotchedwa Maclean inanena kuti zimenezi zimaphatikizapo “zithunzi ndi mawu okhudza zilizonse kungoyambira pa kumwerekera m’zonyansa mpaka pa uhule ndi kugona ana—nkhani zimene zingadabwitse kwambiri achikulire ambiri, ndi ana awo omwe.”

Nkhani Zoŵerenga. Mabuku otchuka ambiri akudzala ndi zakugonana ndi chiwawa. Zinthu zina zimene zafala posachedwapa mu United States ndi Canada zatchedwa “zopeka zoopsa”—nkhani zoopsa kwambiri zolembedwera achinyamata ngakhale a zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Diana West, polemba m’magazini ya New York Teacher, anati mabuku ameneŵa “amapha chikumbumtima cha ana aang’ono kwambiri, napinimbiritsa maganizo awo asanayambe nkomwe kukula.”

Mabuku ambiri ankhani zoseketsa ofalitsidwa ku Hong Kong, Japan, ndi United States amakhala ndi “nkhani za nkhondo zophana mwankhalwe, kudya anthu, kudula anthu mitu, kulambira Satana, kugona akazi mokakamiza, ndi kutukwana,” likutero lipoti la bungwe la National Coalition on Television Violence (NCTV). Thomas Radecki, mkulu wa ofufuza a NCTV anati: “Ukulu wa chiwawa ndi nkhani zonena za chisembwere m’magazini ameneŵa ngwoopsa. Zimasonyeza mmene talolera zikumbumtima zathu kufa kwambiri choncho.”

Tifunikira Kuchenjera

Mwachionekere, m’dziko la lero anthu amakonda za kugonana ndi chiwawa, ndipo zimenezi zimaonekera m’zosangulutsa. Mkhalidwewo wafanana ndendende ndi umene mtumwi wachikristu Paulo analongosola kuti: “Sazindikiranso makhalidwe, anadzipereka okha ku mayendedwe osadziletsa kuti achite zonyansa za mtundu uliwonse mwaumbombo.” (Aefeso 4:19, NW ) Poona zimenezi, ambiri lero amafunafuna zosangulutsa zina zabwinopo. Kodi inu mukutero? Ngati zili choncho, mudzakondwa kudziŵa kuti mutha kupeza zosangulutsa zabwino, zosonyezedwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Bokosi patsamba 19]

Wailesi Yakanema Ingakhale Yangozi

WAILESI yakanema inayamba kuonekera kwa anthu mu United States, pachisonyezero cha dziko lonse cha mu 1939 ku New York. Mtolankhani wina yemwe analiko kumeneko anatchula nkhaŵa yake ya zamtsogolo ponena za chiŵiya chatsopano chimenechi. Analemba kuti: “Vuto la wailesi yakanema nlakuti anthu ayenera kukhala pansi ndi kusumika maso awo pawailesiyo; mabanja ambiri achimereka alibe nthaŵi yochita zimenezo.”

Analakwitsa bwanji! Indedi, kwanenedwa kuti pofika nthaŵi imene Mmereka amaliza sukulu, adzakhala atawonongera 50 peresenti ya nthaŵi yawo kuonerera TV kuposa imene amakhala akumvetsera kwa mphunzitsi. “Ana omwe amapenyerera kwambiri wailesi yakanema amakhala aukali kwambiri, olingalira zoipa kwambiri, onenepetsa, osasinkhasinkha kwambiri, osasamala kwambiri za ena, ndi osachita bwino kwambiri m’kalasi kuposa anzawo osapenyerera kwambiri wailesi yakanema,” akutero Dr. Madeline Levine m’buku lake lakuti Viewing Violence.

Uphungu wake? “Ana ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti wailesi yakanema ili ndi ntchito yake, mofanana ndi chiŵiya china chilichonse m’nyumba. Sitimasiya makina oumitsira tsitsi (hair dryer) ali oyatsidwa pamene tsitsi lathu lauma, kapena chitofu choyatsa pamene buledi wapsa kale. Timadziŵa ntchito yake ya ziŵiya zimenezi ndi pamene tiyenera kuzizimitsa. Ana athu ayenera kudziŵa zimenezo ngakhale ponena za wailesi yakanema.”

[Bokosi patsamba 21]

Zosangulutsa Padziko Lonse

Galamukani! inapempha atolankhani ake onse m’maiko osiyanasiyana kuti afotokoze zosangulutsa zimene zili kumalo komwe iwo ali. Zina zomwe ananena ndi izi.

Brazil: “Maprogramu a pa TV akuipiraipira. Komabe, ngakhale kuti makolo ambiri amachoka panyumba kupita kuntchito, kaŵirikaŵiri ana amawasiya okha akumapenyerera TV. Ma CD-​ROM okhala ndi nkhani za mizimu ndi maseŵero apavidiyo osonyeza chiwawa choipitsitsa ali ofala.”

Czech Republic: “Chiyambire kugwa kwa Chikomyunizimu, dzikoli ladzala ndi zosangulutsa zimene anthu sanazionepo ndi kale lonse, kuphatikizapo maprogramu a pa TV ochokera Kumadzulo ndi masitolo ogulitsamo zaumaliseche. Achinyamata amapita kaŵirikaŵiri ku madisko, kumakalabu a seŵero la billiard, ndi kunyumba za moŵa. Kaŵirikaŵiri amasonkhezeredwa ndi kusatsa malonda konyanya ndiponso ndi anzawo.”

Germany: “Mwa tsoka lake, makolo ambiri amakhala otopa moti satha kukonzera ana awo zosangulutsa, choncho achinyamatawo amadalirana okhaokha kuti apeze nthaŵi yosangalala. Ena amangomwerekera m’maseŵero apakompyuta. Ena amapita kumakalabu ochezera kuvina, kumene anamgoneka amakhala tayale.”

Japan: “Achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amakonda mabuku a nkhani zoseketsa pamene akupumula, koma kaŵirikaŵiri mabukuŵa amadzala ndi chiwawa, chisembwere, ndi mawu otukwana. Kutchova juga kwafalanso. Mkhalidwe wina woipa kwambiri ndiwo wakuti atsikana ena amaimbira foni makalabu olengezedwa kwambiri amene amapezera amuna akazi okambitsirana nawo zachisembwere. Ena amaimbirako foni kungoseŵera basi, koma ena amafikira pakupangana nawo tsiku lokacheza ndi kuwalipira, zimene nthaŵi zina zimafikitsa ku uhule.”

Nigeria: “Nyumba zoonetseramo mavidiyo zikufalikira mosaletseka mu West Africa yense. Zithando zimenezi zimaloŵetsa anthu a misinkhu yonse, kuphatikizapo ana. Mavidiyo a zamaliseche ndi zoopsa amasonyezedwa nthaŵi zonse. Ndiponso, mafilimu opangidwa kuno osonyezedwa pa TV kaŵirikaŵiri amaonetsa zamizimu.”

South Africa: “Makalabu ochezera kuvina akufalikira kunoko, ndipo anamgoneka amapezeka mosavuta kumeneko.”

Sweden: “Nyumba zamoŵa ndi makalabu ausiku akupita patsogolo mu Sweden, ndipo apandu ndi ogulitsa anamgoneka kaŵirikaŵiri amathamangira kumalo otero. Zosangulutsa za pa wailesi yakanema ndi za pavidiyo nzodzala ndi chiwawa, zamizimu, ndi chisembwere.”