Opaleshoni Popanda Mpeni Wake

POYAMBA, ngakhale kuti Christine anali kumva mutu kuŵaŵa kwambiri, anaziona kuti sizinali zodetsa nkhaŵa; komanso unaleka tsiku lomwelo. Kenaka, khosi la Christine linauma. Kenaka mutu uja unayambiranso, ndipo anachita ngati wazungulira mutu—zizindikiro zodabwitsa kwa aliyense, makamaka kwa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu.

Atampima kuchipatala ndi njira yotchedwa computed tomography (CT) anapeza kuti Christine anali ndi matenda otchedwa arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ku ubongo—nthenda ya kupotana kwa mitsempha.a Padakapanda chithandizo, Christine akanadwala stroko pambuyo pake ndi kufa.

Kufikira posachedwapa, matenda a AVM ameneŵa ankawachiritsa mwa kuchita opaleshoni yong’amba ubongo. Pochita opaleshoniyo, dokotala amasenda ganda la pamutu nkulikankhira kumbuyo nkung’amba chibade. Ndiye kenaka, amaloŵetsa mpeni ndi kumaupewetsa mitsempha yonyamula mauthenga m’thupi yomwe sichedwa kuduka ndiponso minofu ya ubongo kuti afikitse pali matendapo. Kufufuza zammbuyo kochitidwa ndi achipatala kunasonyeza kuti mu 1995, 12 peresenti ya maopaleshoni onse a AVM sanayende bwino.

Makolo a Christine anasankha njira yotchedwa Gamma Knife osati kuchita opaleshoni. Dzinalo likhoza kukupusitsani pang’ono, chifukwa Gamma Knife si mpeni weniweni. M’malo mwake ndi chida chomwe chimatulutsa cheza cha radiation m’malo okwana 201 cholunjikitsidwa bwino kulowa pa chibade. Cheza chilichonse pachokha si chokwana kuwononga minofu imene chimaloŵererayo. Koma cheza chonsecho m’malo 201 chimalunjikitsidwa bwino kuti chikakumane pamalo amodzi ndi kukhala chochuluka pamalo penipeni pamene pali matendapo.

Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti Gamma Knife njotsikirapo mtengo, ndipo ndi ochepa anagwidwa matenda ena chifukwa cha opaleshoniyo kusiyana ndi opaleshoni yong’amba mutu ndi mpeni. Koma kodi opaleshoni imeneyi amaichita motani?

Njira Zinayi Zochitira Opeleshoni ya Radiosurgery

Pochita opaleshoni ya radiosurgery ndi Gamma Knife, amatsatira njira zinayi. Choyamba, mutu wa wodwala amauveka chogwira mutu chimene chimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo asamagwedezeke pamene ayamba kugwira ntchito. Kachiŵiri, amalemba “mapu” a ubongo wa wodwalayo kugwiritsira ntchito CT scan, kapena magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), kapena angiogram. Kenaka, zithunzi za ubongozo amakaziika m’kompyuta imene imapatula malo pali matendawo ndipo imasonyeza malo pamene chezacho chikakumane.

Pomaliza pake amayamba kupereka chithandizo, pamene mutu wa wodwalayo amauika m’chisoti chokhala ndi zibowo 201 momwe cheza cha gamma chimatulukira. Zimenezi zimatenga nthaŵi yaitali motani? Mphindi 15 kufika 45 basi, ndipo panthaŵi imeneyi wodwalayo amakhala atampatsa mankhwala pang’ono akupha ululu ndipo samva kuŵaŵa.

Akatha kupereka chithandizo, wodwalayo amakhalabe kuchipatalako kuti amyang’anire ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amamtulutsa mmaŵa mwake. Zinateronso ndi Christine amene tinamtchula poyamba paja m’nkhani ino. Analandira chithandizo Lachinayi, ndipo anamtulutsa Lachisanu, ndipo anapita kusukulu Lolemba lotsatira.

Nchiyani Chimachitikira AVM?

Sikuti radiosurgery imakonzadi AVM. M’malo mwake imapangitsa maselo a m’mitsempha kuchulukana, ndiye imatseka kuti magazi aleke kudutsa mbali imeneyo. Zotsatira zake, mwina pakatha chaka kapena ziŵiri, magazi amalekeratu kuyenda m’mitsempha yowonongekayo. Kenaka mitsempha inapotana ija imafota ndipo thupi limaisungunula.

Gamma imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchiza zotupa zimene zikuoneka kuphatikizapo zimene zimasinthasintha malo, zimene zimafalikira ku ubongo kuchokera ku kansa yokhala mbali zina zathupi. Kuwonjezera apo zisonyeza kuti zitha kuthandiza pa matenda a trigeminal neuralgia (matenda oŵaŵa omwe amagwira mitsempha yakumaso), khunyu, matenda a Parkinson, ndiponso zoŵaŵa zina zovuta.

Komabe, padakali zotupa zina za muubongo zimene sizichiritsika ndi Gamma Knife. Kaya kuphunzira kwambiri za mitsempha ya ubongo kudzathandiza kupeza njira yochiritsira mwamsanga, tidzaziona mtsogolo. Padakali pano, kuchita opaleshoni ndi cheza cha Gamma Knife kumapatsa chiyembekezo ambiri odwala zotupa za muubongo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 21]

Kuyambika kwa Opaleshoni ya Radiosurgery

Gamma Knife inayambika pafupifupi zaka 50 zapitazo ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya minyewa Lars Leksell ndi biophysicist Börje Larsson. Leksell anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito cheza cha radiation kamodzi kukhoza kuthetsa zotupa mu ubongo popanda kung’amba ndi mpeni—motero popanda kutaika kwa magazi kapena ngozi yoti nkutengapo matenda ena.

Leksell anatcha njira yake yatsopanoyo stereotactic radiosurgery. Pomaliza madokotala anali ndi njira yochiritsira malo omwe samatha kufikira mu ubongo, koma popanda kugwiritsira ntchito mpeni kuuyendetsa mosalongosoka kudutsitsa mitsempha yosachedwa kuduka ndi minofu ya ubongo. Komabe, sanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito njira yatsopanoyi kufikira atatulukira njira zamakono zopangira zithunzi, monga CT scan ndi MRI, zimene zikhoza kusonyeza madokotala malo enieniwo amene ayenera kulunjikitsa cheza cha radiation. Malo oyamba kukhazikitsa Gamma Knife ndi ku Stockholm mu 1968.

[Zithunzi patsamba 20]

Njira Zinayi Zochitira Opaleshoni ndi Gamma Knife

1. Kuika chogwira kumutu

2. Kujambula zithunzi za ubongo

3. Zithunzi za pakompyuta zimathandiza kupanga mapulani ochiritsira

4. Kuchiritsa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Zithunzi mwachilolezo cha Elekta Instruments, Inc., manufacturers of the Gamma Knife®