Yehova Atetezera Anthu Ake mu Hungary

HUNGARY, dziko lokhala pakati pa Ulaya, lakumana kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kusintha kwa m’mbiri. Anthu ake avutika kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za kudzipatulira kwawo kwa Namwali Mariya ndi kukakamizidwa kukhala Akristu wamba mu 1001 ndi Stephen, mfumu yawo yoyamba.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri dziko la Hungary linafooketsedwa ndi nkhondo zambiri zachiweniweni zimene zinachititsa maiko ena kuligonjetsa mobwerezabwereza. Anthu m’midzi yathunthu anaphedwa mkati mwa nkhondo zimenezi, ndipo pambuyo pake analoŵedwa m’malo ndi anthu a kumaiko ena. Chotero, anthu ake anakhala msanganizo wa mitundu yambiri. Ponena za chipembedzo, pafupifupi anthu aŵiri mwa atatu a anthu a m’dzikolo anakhalabe Akatolika, ngakhale kuti pambuyo pake kuyambika kwa Kukonzanso kunafalikira m’madera ena.

Chiyambi Chochepa

Munali mu 1908 pamene mbewu za chowonadi cha Baibulo zinafesedwa koyamba m’Hungary. Zimenezi zinachitidwa ndi mkazi yemwe anaphunzira chowonadi kwa Ophunzira Baibulo, monga momwe Mboni za Yehova zinkadziŵikira panthaŵiyo. Chifukwa cha kulalikira kwake, ambiri anakondweretsedwa ndi mbiri yabwino. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake amuna aŵiri amene anabwerera ku Hungary kuchokera ku United States anafalitsa mbiri yabwino kwanthaŵi yonse monga makoputala. Chowonadi chinafalikira mwapang’onopang’ono koma motsimikizirika, ndipo makina osindikizira anakhazikitsidwa ku Kolozsvár.

Lipoti loyamba lodalirika linalandiridwa mu 1922, pamene Ophunzira Baibulo 67 ochokera kumatauni khumi anapezeka pa Chikumbutso cha imfa ya Kristu. Ntchito yawo yolalikira inali ndi chiyambukiro chamwamsanga, chimene chinachititsa chitsutso pamene atsogoleri achipembedzo anapsepsezera boma ndi antchito yofalitsa mawu kutsekereza ntchito yolalikira.

Kuukirako Kuwonjezeka

Mu 1928, wansembe Wachikatolika Zoltán Nyisztor anatulutsa chikalata chokhala ndi mutu wakuti Millennialist Bible Students. Analembamo za Ophunzira Baibulo kuti: “Iwo ngoipa kwambiri kuposa gulu lochilikiza chikomyunizimu limene limaukira ndi zida, popeza kuti iwowa amasokeretsa anthu opanda liŵongo mwakugwiritsira ntchito Baibulo kubisa zolinga zawo zenizeni. Gulu la Royal State Police la ku Hungary likuyang’anitsitsa kwambiri ntchito yawoyo.”

Panthaŵi imeneyo mbale wachangu wotchedwa Josef Kiss anachezera mipingo. Gulu la apolisi okhala ndi zida osungitsa bata linamtsatira mozembera. Mu 1931 iye anali m’nyumba ya mbale pamene apolisi anamdzidzimutsa ndi kumulamula kuchoka panthaŵi yomweyo. Pamene Mbale Kiss anayamba kulongedza katundu wake, wapolisi wina wokhala ndi chida wosungitsa bata anammenya ndi thendere ya mfuti yake yaikulu nawopseza kuti: “Fulumira, apo phuluzi udzabayidwa!” Mbale Kiss anamwetulira nati: “Pamenepo ndidzapita msanga kunyumba,” kunena za chiyembekezo chake chakumwamba monga Mkristu wodzozedwa.

Asilikaliwo anatsatira Mbale Kiss kumalo okwerera sitima. Iye anayembekezeredwa kufika pampingo m’Debrecen pa June 20, 1931, koma sanaonekenso. Abalewo anangoganiza kuti adani ake anamupha, kuti iye ndithudi ‘anapita kunyumba’ kumphotho yake yakumwamba. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yake inaimitsidwa, akuluakuluwo sanakhoze konse kuzimitsa kuunika kwa chowonadi.

Luso linagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri pofuna kupereka umboni. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa ma 1930, mbale wina anamwalira ku Tiszakarád. Maliro akanakhoza kuchitidwa kokha mwa chilolezo cha akuluakulu aboma. Abalewo analoledwa kupereka pemphero la mphindi imodzi yokha ndi kuimba nyimbo kwa mphindi imodzi yokha. Ziŵalo za gulu la apolisi okhala ndi zida osungitsa bata, anafika kumaliroko ali ndi mfuti ndi mabenesi, ncholinga chosungitsa lamuloli. Anthu ambiri a m’tauniyo anafika chifukwa anadabwa kuti malirowo adzachitidwa motani.

Mbale wina anaima pafupi ndi bokosi lamaliro napemphera kwa theka la ola mwanjira yakuti anthuwo anati anali asanamvepo ndi kalelonse. Iwo anati: “Ngakhale ngati ansembe asanu ndi mmodzi akanachititsa malirowo, sakanakhala osonkhezera mtima motero.” Ndiyeno mbale wokhala ndi liwu labwino anayamba kutsogolera nyimbo, koma wapolisi wokhala ndi chida wosungitsa bata anamulamula kuti atonthole. Apolisiwo pambuyo pake anaulula kuti, ngakhale kuti anatekeseka maganizo, iwo sakanakhoza kuimitsa pempherolo.

Pamene kuukirako kunapitiriza, Lajos Szabó, wansembe wa Tchalitchi cha Reformed, analemba zotsatirazi m’brosha lake la mu 1935 lakuti Antichrist by the River Tisza: “Linali lingaliro laluso kuphunzitsa anthu chikomyunizimu m’dzina la chipembedzo . . . Marx anadziwonetsera monga Kristu . . . Wokana Kristu anali pano atadzisanduliza monga Mboni za Yehova.”

Zaka za Mkati mwa Chiletso

Mu 1939 ntchito ya Mboni za Yehova inaletsedwa kotheratu. Inanenedwa kukhala ntchito “yotsutsa chipembedzo ndi chitaganya.” Matchalitchi a Adventist, Baptist, Evangelical, ndi Presbyterian anatulutsa zikalata zotsutsa Mboni. Koma Yehova sanasiye atumiki ake, ndipo anasamaliridwa ndi Mboni za m’maiko ena. Ndiponso, anthu a Mulungu m’Hungary anali ndi zokumana nazo zambiri zolimbitsa chikhulupiriro.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene mbale wina anabweretsa chola choberekera kumsana chodzaza ndi magazini athu kuchokera ku Chekosolovakiya, mkulu wowona za katundu wotuluka ndi kuloŵa m’dziko anafunsa kuti: “Kodi nchiyani chili m’chola chako choberekera kumsana?” Mbaleyo anayankha mowona mtima kuti: “Nsanja za Olonda.” Pamenepo mkuluyo anapanga jesichala ndi dzanja lake kusonyeza ngati kuti mbaleyo ngwamisala, ndipo anamlola kupitiriza ulendo wake. Chotero, chakudya chauzimu chinafika m’Hungary popanda vuto.

Komabe, kusautsidwako sikunaleke. Abale ambiri anagwidwa ndi kumangidwa kwa nyengo ya nthaŵi yosiyanasiyana. Ndiyeno gulu lofufuza lapadera linapatsidwa ntchito yogwira Mboni za Yehova. Mu 1942, amuna, akazi, ndi ana anasonkhanitsidwa naikidwa m’makola ndi m’sukulu Zachiyuda zosagwiritsiridwa ntchito. Pambuyo pa miyezi iŵiri ya kuzunzidwa, iwo anazengedwa mlandu ndi kuweruzidwa. Ena anaweruzidwa kukhala m’ndende kwa moyo wonse; ena analandira zilango za kukhala m’ndende zaka 2 mpaka 15. Abale atatu​—Dénes Faluvégi, András Bartha, ndi János Konrád​—anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe mwakupachikidwa, koma pambuyo pake chilangocho chinasinthidwa kukhala m’ndende kwa moyo wonse. Ndiyeno, abale 160 anapititsidwa ku msasa wachibalo wopherako ku Bor. Atadutsa malire, iwo anauzidwa kuti sadzabwereranso ali ndi moyo. Pa Ayuda 6,000 amene anathamangitsidwa m’dziko kupita kumsasa umenewu, 83 okha anakhalabe ndi moyo. Komabe, Mboni zonse kusiyapo zinayi zokha, zinabwerera.

Mboni za Yehova zinakhalabe ndi ophedwera chikhulupiriro awo. Chakumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, Anazi anapha abale angapo. Bertalan Szabó, János Zsondor, ndi Antal Hónis anaphedwa mwakuwomberedwa, ndipo Lajos Deli anapachikidwa.​—Mateyu 24:9.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kwabwino Koma Kosakhalitsa

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yadziko yachiŵiri, mkhalidwe unasinthanso. Boma loyembekezera linalonjeza kupereka ufulu kwa anthu. Abale amene anabwera kuchokera kumisasa anayamba kulalikira nthaŵi yomweyo ndi kulinganiza mipingo. Iwo analingalira kuti Yehova anawapatsa ufulu kotero kuti atamande dzina lake lalikulu, osati kuti ayeseyese kukundika chuma chakuthupi. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1945, panali ofalitsa Ufumu okangalika 590. Mu 1947 chinyumba chokhala ndi bwalo lalikulu chinagulidwa kuti chidzigwiritsiridwa ntchito monga ofesi yanthambi ya Watch Tower Society, ndipo msonkhano wa mtundu woyamba unachitidwa m’holo yazamaseŵera. Chiŵerengero cha opezekapo chinali 1,200, ndipo kampani ya sitima yaboma la Hungary inachotserako 50 peresenti pa mtengo wolipirira sitima kwa amene anali kupita kumsonkhano.

Komabe, ufuluwo sunakhalitse. Posakhalitsa, Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu chinatenga ulamuliro, ndipo boma linasintha. Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu a Yehova kunasonkhezera kunyumwa kwa boma latsopanolo, popeza kuti anawonjezeka kuchoka pa ofalitsa 1,253 mu 1947 kufika pa 2,307 mu 1950. M’chaka chimenecho akuluakulu aboma anayamba kuika zopinga pa ntchito yolalikira. Zilolezo za kulalikira zinafunidwa, koma boma linakana kupereka zilolezozo, ndipo awo amene anapempha zilolezozo anamenyedwa ndi Asilikali Aboma. Nkhani za m’manyuzipepala zinatcha Mboni kukhala ‘nthumwi za atsamunda.’ Mokondweretsa, Chikomyunizimu chisanayambe kulamulira, Mboni zinatumizidwa kumisasa yachibalo zikumazengedwa mlandu wa kukhala ‘ochilikiza Ayuda ndi Chikomyunizimu.’

Chiwawa Chiyamba

Pa November 13, 1950, woyang’anira nthambi ndi wotembenuza (aŵiri a awo amene poyambapo anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe) anagwidwa, limodzi ndi woyang’anira dera loyamba. Iwo anaperekedwa kundende ya mbiri yoipa yapansi panthaka ku 60 Andrássy Street m’Budapest, kuti “akafeŵetsedwe.” Mlandu wawo unazengedwa pa February 2 chaka chotsatira. Woyang’anira nthambiyo anaweruzidwa kukhala m’ndende zaka khumi, wotembenuzayo zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo woyang’anira derayo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Onse atatuwo analandidwa katundu wawo. Mkati mwa kuzenga mlanduko, oyang’anira ampingo anayi owonjezereka anapatsidwa zilango za kukhala m’ndende kwa nyengo ya kuyambira pa zaka zisanu kufika pa zisanu ndi chimodzi pamilandu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyesa kugwetsa boma.

Abalewo anaikidwa m’ndende yotetezeredwa kwambiri, kumene sanakhoze kulandira makalata, mapasulo, kapena odzawaona. Mabanja awo sanamve kalikonse za iwo. Maina awo sanatchulidwe nkomwe ndi alondawo. Aliyense anavala chikwangwani chamtengo cholenjekeka m’khosi chokhala ndi nambala monga chizindikiro chake. Panalinso ngakhale chizindikiro pachipupa chimene chinati: “Musamangolonda akaidiwa; muyenera kuwada.”

Mboni zinayamba kuchita zinthu mobisa, koma ntchito yolalikira sinaime. Mboni zina zinaloŵa m’malo mwa omangidwawo. M’kupita kwanthaŵi oloŵa m’malowo anagwidwanso. Pofika chaka cha 1953, abale oposa 500 anaweruzidwa ndi kulamulidwa kukhala m’ndende, koma mbiri yabwino sinamangidwe m’maunyolo. Abale oŵerengeka okha anakhulupirira malonjezo onyengerera a alondawo ndipo anasiya chowonadi.

Ziyembekezo Zabwino

M’chilimwe cha 1956, anthu anayamba kupandukira boma. Gulu lankhondo la Soviet Army linapondereza chipandukocho, ndipo gulu la Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu linatenganso ulamuliro.

Mboni zonse zimene zinali m’ndende zinamasulidwa, komano abale oŵerengeka odziŵika bwino anabwezeredwa kundende kukapitiriza zilango zawo, ngakhale kuti achatsopano sanaweruzidwe. Pomalizira pake, mu 1964, mkhalidwe unayamba kuwongokera. Akuluakulu abomawo sanalinso kudodometsa maliro ndi mapwando aukwati. Misonkhano yadera inachitidwa m’nkhalango. Pamene kuli kwakuti ina ya misonkhano imeneyi inadodometsedwa, palibe Mboni zowonjezereka zimene zinatumizidwa kundende.

Mu 1979 abale oyang’anira analoledwa kupezeka pa msonkhano m’Vienna. Mkati mwa chaka chimenechonso, akuluakulu abomawo analonjeza kupereka chivomerezo chalamulo kwa Mboni za Yehova, koma zaka khumi zowonjezereka zinapitapo zimenezi zisanachitikedi. Mu 1986 msonkhano wachigawo woyamba unachitidwa, pa Youth Park ya ku Kamara Forest, akuluakuluwo akudziŵa. Panaikidwa chizindikiro chonena kuti, Msonkhano Wachigawo wa “Mtendere Waumulungu” wa Mboni za Yehova. Chaka chotsatira, Msonkhano wakuti “Khulupirirani Yehova” unachitidwa, ndipo mu 1988 abale anasangalala ndi Msonkhano wa “Chilungamo Chaumulungu.”

Aufulu Pomalizira Pake!

June 27, 1989, linali tsiku labwino koposa, popeza panali patsikulo pamene abalewo analandira chikalata chozindikiritsa mwalamulo gulu lotchedwa Religious Organization of Jehovah’s Witnesses mu Hungary. Mu July malo aakulu a Budapest Sports Hall analandira ofika pa Msonkhano Wachigawo wa “Kudzipereka Kwaumulungu” 9,477. Holo imodzimodziyi inagwiritsiridwanso ntchito kuchitiramo Msonkhano Wachigawo wa “Chinenero Choyera” mu 1990, ndipo misonkhano inachitidwanso m’mizinda ina itatu yaikulu m’Hungary.

Tsopano popeza kuti chiletsocho chinachotsedwa kotheratu, kunali kotheka kulinganiza msonkhano wa mitundu yonse woyamba. Mosasamala kanthu za kusacha bwino, msonkhanowo unachitidwa pa Népstadion m’Budapest, kumene 40,601 anasonkhana kudzakondwera ndi ubale wachikondi. Ziŵalo za Bungwe Lolamulira zinapezekapo ndipo zinalimbitsa chikhulupiriro cha abalewo ndi nkhani zawo, ndipo mabuku ndi mabrosha atsopano okhala ndi zithunzithunzi zokongola anatulutsidwa pamsonkhanowu.

Zimene Zikuchitika Lerolino

Makope a Chihungary a Nsanja ya Olonda ndi Galamukani! tsopano akufalitsidwa panthaŵi imodzi ndi Achingelezi ndipo m’kalembedwe kokongola kamodzimodzi. Mu 1992, Yearbook inayamba kufalitsidwa m’Chihungary. Chiŵerengero cha ofalitsa mbiri yabwino chinawonjezeka mofulumira kuchoka pa 6,352 mu 1971 kufika pa 13,136 mu January 1993.

Lerolino, Mboni za Yehova m’Hungary zimasangalala ndi ufulu wachipembedzo ndipo zimalalikira momasuka kunyumba ndi nyumba. Pali mipingo 205, ndipo 27,844 anapezeka pa Chikumbutso pa April 17, 1992. Kufikira pamene Nyumba Zaufumu zokwanira zidzapezeka, mipingo ikupitirizabe kusonkhana m’sukulu, malo azamaseŵera, malo a asilikali ankhondo opanda anthu, ndipo ngakhale m’maofesi osiyidwa a Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu. Mu 1992, mipingo khumi inali itapatulira Nyumba zawo Zaufumu, ndipo nyumba zina zikumangidwa.

Mkati mwa masinthidwe ndi zipanduko zonsezo, abalewo anamamatirabe mokhulupirika kumbali ya Yehova Mulungu ndi Mwana wake, Yesu Kristu, ndipo apitirizabe kulalikira. Zowopsa zomwe zachitika mkati mwa nthaŵiyo sizinawawononge, popeza kuti Yehova watetezera anthu ake m’Hungary.​—Miyambo 18:10.

[Mapu patsamba 9]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Vienna

AUSTRIA

Budapest

Debrecen

HUNGARY

ROMANIA

[Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Anthu a Yehova anasonkhana m’Budapest