Kodi Akristu Oyambirira Anagwiritsira Ntchito Dzina la Mulungu?

DZINA la Mulungu limaonekera nthaŵi zikwi zambiri m’Malemba Achihebri, mmene limasonyezedwa ndi makonsonanti anayi יהוה (YHWH, Tetragrammaton). Zopezedwa ndi ofukula m’mabwinja zimapereka lingaliro lakuti Israyeli asanapite muukapolo, 607 B.C.E. isanafike, dzinalo linali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala, ndipo m’mabuku a Baibulo olembedwa pambuyo pa ukapolo a Ezara, Nehemiya, Danieli, ndi Malaki, limaonekera mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, mwapang’onopang’ono, pamene nthaŵi ya kuonekera kwa Mesiya inayandikira, Ayuda mwamwambo anayamba kuzengereza kugwiritsira ntchito dzinalo.

Kodi ophunzira a Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu (limene nthaŵi zonse limalembedwa kuti “Yehova,” kapena “Yahweh” m’Chicheŵa)? Umboni umasonyeza kuti anatero. Yesu anaphunzitsa otsatira ake kupemphera kwa Mulungu kuti: “Dzina lanu liyeretsedwe.” (Mateyu 6:9) Ndipo pamapeto a utumiki wake wa padziko lapansi, iye mwiniyo anapemphera kwa Atate wake wakumwamba kuti: “Ndalionetsera dzina lanu kwa anthu amene mwandipatsa ine m’dziko lapansi.” (Yohane 17:6) Ndiponso, makope oyambirira a Septuagint, matembenuzidwe Achigiriki a Malemba Achihebri ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi ophunzira a Yesu, anali ndi dzina la Mulungu mumpangidwe wa Tetragrammaton Yachihebri.

Bwanji za Mauthenga Abwino ndi mbali zonse za Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu (“Chipangano Chatsopano”)? Kwalingaliridwa kuti popeza kuti dzina la Mulungu linalimo mu Septuagint, liyenera kukhala linalimonso m’makope oyambirira a Malemba ameneŵa​—makamaka kumene mawu anagwidwa mu Septuagint. Chifukwa chake, dzina lakuti Yehova limapezeka nthaŵi zoposa 200 mu New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Ena asuliza zimenezi kukhala zopanda maziko. Komabe, kukuonekera kuti New World Translation ikuchilikizidwa ndi magwero osayembekezereka: Talmud ya ku Babulo.

Mbali yoyamba ya buku lachipembedzo Lachiyuda limeneli ili ndi mutu wakuti Shabbath (Sabata) ndipo ili ndi malamulo ambiri a kudzisungira kwa pa Sabata. M’chigawo chimodzi, muli nkhani yonena zakuti kaya kuli koyenera kupulumutsa malembo apamanja a Baibulo kumoto pa Sabata, ndiyeno pamatsatira ndime iyi: “Kunanenedwa m’lemba kuti: Malo opanda kanthu [gil·yoh·nimʹ] ndi Mabuku a Minim, sitingawapulumutse kumoto. R. Jose anati: Mkati mwa mlungu munthu ayenera kudulako mbali zimene zili ndi Dzina la Mulungu, kuzibisa, ndi kutentha zotsalazo. R. Tarfon anati: Wotembereredwa akhale mwana wanga ngati sindingatenthe malemba apamanjawo pamodzi ndi Dzina la Mulungu nditawapeza.”​—Otembenuzidwa ndi Dr. H. Freedman.

Kodi a mi·nimʹ anali yani? Liwulo limatanthauza “ampatuko” ndipo lingakhale likunena za Asaduki kapena Asamariya. Koma malinga nkunena kwa Dr. Freedman, m’ndime iyi mosakayikira liyenera kukhala likunena za Akristu Achiyuda. Chotero, kodi nchiyani chimene chinali gil·yoh·nimʹ, yotembenuzidwa kuti “malo opanda kanthu” malinga nkunena kwa Dr. Freedman? Pali matanthauzo aŵiri othekera. Angakhale anali malo a m’mphepete mwa mpukutu kapena ngakhale mipukutu yopanda kanthu. Kapena​—mwakugwiritsira ntchito liwulo mwanjira yosinjirira​—angakhale anali zolembedwa za mi·nimʹ, kupereka lingaliro lakuti zolembedwa zimenezi zinali zopanda pake mofanana ndi mipukutu yopanda kanthu. M’madikishonale tanthauzo lachiŵiri limeneli limaperekedwa monga “Mauthenga Abwino.” Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, sentensi imene ili mu Talmud musanafike pachigawo chogwidwa mawucho imati: “Mabuku a Minim ali ngati malo opanda kanthu [gil·yoh·nimʹ].”

Mogwirizana ndi zimenezo, m’buku lakuti Who Was a Jew? lolembedwa ndi Lawrence H. Schiffman, chigawo chogwidwa mawu pamwambapa cha Talmud chimatembenuzidwa motere: “(Pa Sabata) sitimapulumutsa kumoto Mauthenga Abwino ndi mabuku a minim (‘opanduka’). Mmalomwake, iwo amatenthedwa, iwowo ndi Tetragrammata yawo. Rabi Yose Ha-Gelili akuti: Mkati mwa mlungu, munthu ayenera kudulako Tetragrammata ndi kuibisa ndi kutentha mbali zotsalazo. Rabi Tarfon anati: Otembereredwa akhale ana anga! Ngati ndingapeze (mabuku ameneŵa), ndingawatenthe limodzi ndi Tetragrammata yawo.” Dr. Schiffman akupitiriza kunena kuti a mi·nimʹ panopa ali Akristu Achiyuda.

Kodi chigawo chimenechi cha Talmud chikulankhuladi za Akristu oyambirira Achiyuda? Ngati chikutero, pamenepo chili umboni wamphamvu wakuti Akristu anaphatikizamo dzina la Mulungu, Tetragrammaton, m’Mauthenga Abwino ndi zolembedwa zawo. Ndipo nkothekera kwambiri kuti Talmud ikunena za Akristu Achiyuda panopa. Lingaliro limeneli limachilikizidwa ndi anthu ophunzira, ndipo m’Talmud nkhani yonseyo ikuonekera kukhala ikupereka chichilikizo chowonjezereka. Chigawo chotsatira mawu apamwambapo ogwidwa mu Shabbath chimasimba nkhani yonena za Gamalieli ndi woweruza Wachikristu imene mukutchulidwa mbali za Ulaliki wa pa Phiri.

Panali pambuyo pake, pamene Chikristu champatuko chinapambuka paziphunzitso zosavuta za Yesu, pamene dzina la Mulungu linasiya kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi odzitcha Akristu ndipo linachotsedwa m’makope a Septuagint ndi Mauthenga Abwino ndi mabuku ena a Baibulo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

M’nthaŵi ya Yesu, dzina la Mulungu linalimo mu “Septuagint”

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Israel Antiquities Authority