Nchifukwa Ninji Atsogoleri Achipembedzo Amasanganizirana mu Ndale Zadziko?

POPEZA KUTI inu muli oyambukiridwa, muli ndi chifukwa chabwino cha kufunsira kuti, “Nchifukwa Ninji?”

Momvekera bwino, palibe lingaliro limodzi limene limagwira ntchito kwa ansembe onse, aminisitala, ndi atsogoleri a zipembedzo ena omwe asanganizana mu ndale zadziko. Ena ali ndi kusonkhezeredwa komwe anthu ambiri angatsutse. Ena angakhale ndi zifukwa zokhumbidwa, zonga ngati kudera nkhaŵa kaamba ka osauka.

Kudziŵa kwanu malingaliro awo kudzakuikani inu m’malo abwino akulingalira kawonedwe ka Mulungu ka nkhaniyo ndi kuyamikira chimene amanena ponena za zomwe ziri mtsogolo.

Malo, Phindu, ndi Ndale Zadziko

Kuti timvetsetse chifukwa chimodzi chimene atsogoleri achipembedzo amasanganizirana mu ndale zadziko, tiyeni tilingalire atsogoleri a ndale zadziko ena a mu zaka za zana loyamba. Amunawa, akulu ansembe ndi ziwalo za Afarisi ndi Asaduki, anapanga bwalo la milandu lalikulu la Chiyuda. Pokhala atavutitsidwa kaamba ka kuukitsa Lazaro kwa Yesu, iwo analingalira kuti: “Ngati timleka iye [Yesu] kotero, onse adzakhulupirira iye; ndipo adzadza Aroma nadzachotsa malo athu ndi mtundu wathu.”—Yohane 11:48.

“Malo athu ndi mtundu wathu.” Inde, iwo anakhala odera nkhaŵa ponena za malo awo, kuyambukira, ndi ulamuliro, okhala ndi zikondwerero ziri zonse za ufuko m’malo achiŵiri. (Mateyu 23:2-8) Mwakukometsera malo ndi a ndale zadziko, atsogoleri achipembedzo ena apeza kaimidwe kofunika. Kwa ambiri, ichi chakhala njira ku umoyo wa zosangalatsa. M’chenicheni, bukhu lotsirizira la Baibulo limasonyeza “mkazi” wotchedwa “Babulo Wamkulu,” yemwe anadziwidwa kaamba ka “mphamvu ya kudyerera kwake.” Baibulo ndi mbiri yakale zimasonyeza kuti iye amaphiphiritsira chipembedzo chonyenga padziko lonse lapansi.—Chivumbulutso 17:1-5; 18:3.

Tangolingalirani tsopano umboniwu kuti ichi chiri chifukwa chake atsogoleri achipembedzo ena amasanganizirana mu ndale zadziko. Bukhu lakuti Religion and Revolution limatiuza kuti: “Pakati pa 1774 ndi 1790, 173 ya mabishopo a Chifrench 192 anali kumbali ya omveka kwambiri. Chifupifupi theka la abishopo ankakhala mu Paris ndipo anasangalala ndi ulemerero wa mzinda waukulu wa French. Khardinala Polignac anafa mu 1741 popanda ngakhale kuchezera archdiocese ku imene iye anasankhidwako zaka khumi ndi zisanu poyambirirapo. Kukula kwa mzimu wa kusasamala nakonso kunakantha magulu otchuka a umbeta wa chipembedzo ambiri omwe anali olemera kwambiri.” Mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wamkulu ankakhala bwino, pamene ansembe ang’ono anali osauka.

Mexico iperekanso chitsanzo china. Mu 1810 wansembe wa ku mudzi Miguel Hidalgo anatsogolera kumenyana kaamba ka ufulu kuchokera ku Spain. Profesala Guenter Lewy akulongosola kuti: “Papa mu Roma ndipo kwenikweni bungwe la abishopo lonse linatsutsa achirikizi [aja a Chimexico]. Kudekha kwa chinyengo kumene atsogoleri achipembedzo apamwamba [pambuyo pake] anadzatembenukira kukhala achirikizi a changu a ufulu wodziimira paokha . . . kunadzawonekera kwambiri ndipo kunathandizira kupanga chithunzi cha chipembedzo kukhala gulu la chikondwerero chapadera lomwe silikanakhulupiriridwa. . . . Chipembedzo chinali cholemera mu minda ndi manyumba, zomwe zayerekezedwa ndi ena kukhala zikuphatikizapo theka la chuma chenicheni cha dziko.”

Chiprotestanti, Chikatolika, Chiyuda, kapena achikhulupiriro china chirichonse—kodi tonsefe sitingavomereze kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo safunikira kusanganizana mu ndale zadziko kaamba ka kufuna kupeza malo apamwamba? Komabe, izi ndi zimene kwenikweni zimachitika kaŵirikaŵiri.

Kuchokera ku Nazi German kufika Lerolino

Nyengo ya Chinazi imapereka chidziŵitso chochulukira cha kusanganizana kwa chipembedzo mu ndale zadziko. Anthu olingalira ambiri akhala odabwitsidwa kuti, ‘Kodi ndimotani mmene akulu ansembe a Chikatolika ndi Chilutheran anachitira ndi Hitler ndi Chinazi chake chankhalwe?’

Kwakukulu, chinali kaamba ka kuchirikiza kapenadi kukhalapo kogwirizana. Panali mawu ochepa achipembedzo omwe anakwezedwa kaamba ka kutsutsa. Profesa T. A. Gill walemba ponena za kusakhudzidwa kumodzi. “[Mphunzitsi wa za chipembedzo Dietrich] Bonhoeffer anadzapeza potsirizira pake chimene atate ndi abale ake anakhala akumuuza chiyambire pamene anali wa zaka khumi ndi zisanu: tchalitchi sichinalinso chofunika mokwanira mu zinthu zomwe zimafunika kwenikweni kulungamitsa kupereka moyo wake ku icho.” Wodera nkhaŵa ndi kuchirikiza Hitler komwe chipembedzo chinachita kapena kugonjera kwake, Bonhoeffer anagwirizana ndi makonzedwe achinsinsi ofuna kupha Hitler. Koma Bonhoeffer anali wosakhudzidwa.

History of Christianity ya Paul Johnson ikulongosola khalidwelo: “Zipembedzo zonse, kwakukulukulu, zinapereka chichirikizo champhamvu ku ulamuliro. . . . pa apasitala a Chievangeli 17,000, panalibe ngakhale oposa makumi asanu omwe ankatumikira nthaŵi yaitali [popanda kuchirikiza ulamuliro wa Chinazi] panthaŵi imodzi iriyonse. Ponena za Akatolika, bishopo m’modzi anachotsedwa pa ulamuliro wake, ndipo wina anapatsidwa nthaŵi yochepa kaamba ka mlandu wa ndalama.” Ponena za omwe anagwiririra ku malamulo awo, Johnson akupitiriza kuti: “Olimba koposa anali Mboni za Yehova, zomwe zinalengeza poyera kutsutsa kwa ziphunzitso zawo kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo zinavutika mwatsatanetsatane. Izo zinakana kugwirizana kuli konse ndi boma la Nazi.”

Kuyambira pamenepo, atsogoleri achipembedzo ena agwirizana ndi maulamuliro ankhanza kotero kuti asungirire malo awo otchuka, mphamvu, ndi chuma. Ndemanga ya mkonzi mu National Catholic Reporter inati: “Nkhani ya kulephera kwa tchalitchi cha Chikatolika mu Argentina kuli kukhala chete kumodzi ndi kugawana kotheratu m’choipa ndi ulamuliro wa magulu ankhondo opanda chifundo, chimodzi cha zoipitsitsa m’mbiri yamakono. . . . Omveka a Tchalitchi motero anali m’malo akulankhula ndi kupanga kusiyana, mwinamwake ngakhale kulekanitsa ulamuliro wa chipembedzo chawo mwa kudzilungamitsa. Komabe, chifupifupi ku munthu wotsirizira, iwo sananene chirichonse. Ena, kuphatikizapo akalaliki a chipembedzo ovala zovala za nkhondo, anavomereza kuzunza ndi kupha.”—April 12, 1985.

Kuyenera kwa Anthu Wamba, Chilungamo cha Mayanjano

Monga momwe kwanenedwera poyamba, ngakhale ziri tero, atsogoleri a chipembedzo ena ali okhumbidwa kwenikweni kaamba ka mbali yawo ya changu mu ndale zadziko pa zifukwa zina.

Chitsanzo chimodzi kuchokera ku United States chiri minisitala wa Chibaptist Martin Luther King, Jr., mtsogoleri wa kuyenera kwa anthu wamba omwe anamenya nkhondo molimbana ndi tsankho la ufuko. Atsogoleri achipembedzo ena akhala patsogolo pa kumenyanaku kwa kuyenera kwa akazi ndi anthu ena ochepa. Ansembe ndi aminisitala atembenukira kukhala achangu mwa ndale zadziko m’kuchirikiza zochititsa zonga ngati kuyenera kwa kusankha, malipiro ofanana kaamba ka ntchito yofanana, ndi mwaŵi wolingana wa ntchito. Posachedwa kwenikweni, “nthanthi yonena za ufulu” yasonkhezeredwa kufewetsa kuvutika kwa osauka, konga ngati mwakupereka minda kwa anjala.

Kodi mumadzimva motani ponena za kudziphatikiza kwa atsogoleri a chipembedzo iwo eni mu ndale zadziko m’malo mofuna kusonkhezera changu cha mayanjano kapena “umunthu wa kunja,” monga mmene nkhani zimenezi zimadziwidwira? Ngakhale akalaliki ena ali osakhazikika ndi zimene akuwona zikuchitika. Keith Gephart, mkulu wansembe wa chilamulo, anachitira ndemanga kuti: “Pamene ndinali kukula, ndinali kumva nthaŵi zonse kuti zipembedzo zikafunikira kukhala kunja kwa ndale zadziko. Tsopano chikuwonekera kuti kusadzilowetsa kukukhala chifupifupi chimo.” Wolemba wa nyuzipepala pa nkhani za chipembedzo anawona kuti: “Kuyambira koyambirira kwa ma-1970, Akristu a chilamulo akhala akukhulupirira mwapang’onopang’ono kuti changu cha ndale zadziko chiri ntchito.”

Ngakhale kuti zochititsa zimawonekera kukhala zabwino, talingalirani utali umene kaimidweka kakutenga atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndipo onani ngati mungavomereze.

Kodi Nthanthi Yonena za Ufulu Ikuchitanji?

Gustavo Gutiérrez, wansembe wa Chikatolika mu Peru, ali wotchuka kwakukulu kaamba ka kukulitsa “nthanthi yonena za ufulu” mu kuyankha ku mkhalidwe wa osauka. Chizoloŵezi chimenechi chafalikira kwambiri pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo mu Latin America ndi kwina kuli konse. Manchester Guardian Weekly ya ku England inachitira ripoti kuti Bishopo wa ku Durham analimbana ndi ziphunzitso za boma za ndale zadziko ndipo mwakutero analimbikitsa “kupititsa patsogolo zochititsa ‘nthanthi yonena za ufulu.’”

Kodi nthanthi yoteroyo iri kugogomezera kokha kwa kudera nkhaŵa kaamba ka osauka, monga momwe yachirikizidwira mu Baibulo? Kutalitali. Bishopo Durham akuvomereza kuti “nthanthi yonena za ufulu ya Chibritish idzatenga zizindikiro zina za Marxism mowopsya”. Ichi chimaphatikizapo kulongosola mbali ya kumenyana kwa osauka mwakugwiritsira ntchito kulingalira kwa chiMarxist. Ndi zotulukapo zotani?

National Catholic Reporter (July 4, 1986) inali ndi mutu waukulu wakuti “Kumenyanira Kaamba Ka Munda Kwa Ku Brazil Kwaika Chipembedzo Molimbana ndi Boma.” Nsonga yomwe iri pansi pa kulimbana kumeneku iri yakuti kokha chiŵerengero chochepa cha “eni minda a akulu amalamulira 83 peresenti ya minda.” Misonkhano yotsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi kuyenda kwa chipongwe kuli mbali ya “kumenyerana kwa munda.” Ndipo “kumenya” liri liwu loyenera. Nkhaniyo inanena kuti “anthu 218 anaphedwa m’kumenyerana dziko koposa 700 chaka chatha, kuphatikizapo Bambo Josimo Tavares, wansembe wa Chibrazil ndipo mtsogoleri wochirikiza kukonzanso kwa dziko, yemwe anaphedwa pa June 11.”

Nthanthi yonena za ufulu ikupeza kufalikira. Ndemanga ya mkonzi ya New York Times inavomereza kuti udindo wa malo a Chivatican uli wakuti akalaliki safunikira kuphatikizidwa mu kuchirikiza ndale zadziko, koma inanenanso kuti Vatican “imakhulupiriranso chiphunzitso chachikulu cha nthanthi yonena za ufulu: chakuti Uthenga wa Chikristu umakometsera kumenyana kwa osauka kaamba ka ufulu wa ndale zadziko ndi kulamulira pa miyoyo yawo.”

Zizindikiro zofanana nazo ziri kuweruza kwakuti Maryknoll, lamulo la amishonale a Chikatolika, yakhala “ikufalitsa uthenga wa nthanthi yonena za ufulu ndi ndale zadziko zolowerera mu mayanjano a anthu.” Phunziro la mu 1985, The Revolution Lobby, inalamula kuti: “Maryknoll yadzetsa mopambana uthenga wa nthanthi za chi-Marxist za chisinthiko za chiwawa mu kulandiridwa kwaumwini chifukwa chakuti yaloledwa kugwira ntchito monga chida cha Tchalitchi cha Chikatolika. Uthenga wake wafikira osati kokha avereji ya opita ku matchalitchi, koma atsogoleri opanga malamulo a Chiamerika, nawonso.”

Kodi Mulungu Amakuvomereza?

Mwachiwonekere, zipembedzo zonse kuzungulira dziko lapansi lerolino zikusanganizana mu ndale zadziko, ndipo pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za ichi. Ndimotani, ngakhale kuli tero, mmene Mulungu amadzimverera ponena za icho? Baibulo limasonyeza kuti mwamsanga iye adzawonetsera malo ake poyera. Kodi inu ndi okondedwa anu mudzayambukiridwa motani? Ndipo ndi zotulukapo zotani zimene izi zidzakhala nazo pa mikhalidwe yanu yatsopano ndi michitidwe?

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

“Tchalitchi cha Chikatolika mu Germany chinali German yeniyeniyo patsogolo, ndipo monga mmene tchalitchi cha Chiprotestanti chinachirikizira boma ndi ulamuliro wake.”—The German Churches Under Hitler.

“Tchalitchi cha Chiorthodox cha ku Russia dzulo chinaponya kulemera kwake konse kumbuyo kwa kufunsira kwa kuleka kupanga zida za nkhondo kwa Bambo Gorbachev . . . Inakulongosola [iko] monga ‘kogwirizana moyenera ndi kufikira kwa Chikristu.’”—The Guardian (London), April 9, 1986.

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Martin Luther King, Jr., anali womveka pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo omenyera kulimbana ndi tsankho la ufuko

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Kusauka ndi kupanda chilungamo kwadzutsa nthanthi yonena za ufulu

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

J. Viscarrs/WHO