Dziko Lathu Lapansi Lokongola—Kodi N’lolikulu Chotani Limene Tidzasiira Ana Athu?

MOLINGANA ndi maripoti ofalitsidwa, ana 1.7 biliyoni anabadwa m’dziko chiyambire chaka cha 1970. Akanapanga mitundu, ukanakhala waukulu koposa m’dziko lonse. Kodi sichiri choyenera kufunsa kuti, Ndi mtundu wotani wa dziko umene tikuwasiira?

Koposa zaka 25 zapitazo dokotala wodziŵika kwambiri wa ku U.S. Public Health Service anawona kuti: “Tonsefe tikukhala pansi pa mantha osatha akuti chinachake chingaipitse malo otizinga kufikira kumlingo womwe munthu adzagwirizana ndi nyama zazikulu za m’nthaŵi yakale monga mkhalidwe wa moyo wozimiririka.”

M’zaka za kulowelerako, mantha amenewa akhala owonjezereka. Chaka chatha nkhani yadziko ya chikondwerero chaunyinji, yoperekedwa chifupifupi ndi zana limodzi la akatswiri a sayansi ya zomera ndi zokhala ndi moyo inachenjeza kuti chomwe chinkadza chinali mkuntho wa kusakhalapo kwa unyinji wonga womwe unathetsa nyama zazikulu za m’nthaŵi yakale, kokha kuti nthaŵi ino sichidzakhala tero kaamba ka kukula kwachibadwa koma “ndi zochitachita za anthu.”

Chaka chatha Worldwatch Institute inatulutsa ripoti lake lochedwa State of the World 1987. Ilo linanena kuti: “Chitaganya chochirikizidwa chimakhutiritsa zosowa zake popanda kuchepetsa ziyembekezo za mbadwo wotsatira. Ndi zoyesayesa zambiri, chitaganya chomwe chiripo chalephera kufikiritsa lamuloli. Mafunso onena za kusungilira kwa zinthu zotizinga akubuka pa kontinenti irilonse. Mlingo wa zochitachita za anthu wayamba kuwopsyeza kukhalidwapo kwa dziko lapansi lenilenilo.”

Ripoti la Institute linanena kuti zofuna za anthu oposa 5 biliyoni—ndipo chiŵerengero chawo cha ziwalo zake chikuwonjezeka ndi 83 miliyoni pa chaka—zikugonjetsa mphamvu za kuchiritsa za dongosolo la zinthu za umoyo za dziko lapansi.

Kuipitsa kwa za mankhwala kukuwononga mbali za mpweya womwe tipuma ndipo kungatsogolere ku “kupangitsa kansa ya khungu yowonjezereka kufoketsa dongosolo la kuchinjiriza la thupi, ndi kupangitsa zomera kusakula.”

Ngati mvula ya acid ipitirizabe, osati kokha kuti nyanja zambiri ndi nkhalango zingafe koma kuti nthaka zingakhalenso ndi acid mopambanitsa ndipo “chingatenge makumi a zaka ngatitu si mazana, kuti ikhalenso bwino.”

Ntchito zokulira za ulimi “zakankhira mlingo wa nthaka yapamwamba yotaika kutali ndi kunja kobwezeranso nthaka yatsopano.”

Kudula mitengo mopambanitsa kumachepetsa unyinji wa mpweya womwe tipuma wogwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchokera mu mlengalenga, ndipo kuwotchedwa kwa zinthu zotsalira zakale kumapereka mpweya womwe titulutsa kunja wochulukira kuposa ndi umene zomera zomwe ziripo ndi nyanja zingakhoze kutenga. Chotulukapo chiri kuwonjezereka kwa zotulukapo za nkhalango zobiriŵira zotentha zomwe potsirizira pake zingasungunule madzi oundana amene angasefukire m’mizinda yokhala m’mbali mwa nyanja.

Kutha kwa nkhalango za kumalo otentha kumadzatanthauza kucheperanso kwa zungulirezungulire wa madzi kaamba ka mvula yodzagwa ndipo chingatsogolere ku kupangidwa kwa zipululu.

Mankhwala a ululu, madzi oipa osaikidwa mankhwala ochokera m’zimbuzi, mafuta osatsirizidwa, ngozi za nyukliya, radon, microwaves, asbestos—ndi kupitirizabe kungakhale kundandalitsa kwa machimo a munthu molimbana ndi malo otizinga.

State of the World 1987 yachenjeza kuti: “Sizinachitikepo ndi kalelonse kuti madongosolo ofunika koposa a kukhalidwa kwa padziko lapansi asinthira pa nthaŵi imodzi. Mavuto atsopano aikanso mapeto a nyonga ya nthaŵi ndi malo okhalidwako omwe apitirira pa ulamuliro wa ndale zadziko zomwe ziripo ndi magulu a zamayanjano. Palibe ngakhale dziko ndi limodzi lomwe limene lingakhazikitse nthaka ya dziko, kuchinjiriza mbali ya mpweya womwe tipuma, kupulumutsa kuzimiririka kwa nkhalango ndi nthaka yadziko, kapena kuletsa kuikidwa acid kwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Kokha kudzilowetsamo kochirikizidwa kwa dziko lonse kudzathandiza.”

Kudzilowetsamo kumeneku kukuchedwa, ndipo nthaŵi ikutha. Mazana a mabiliyoni akuwonongedwera mu mpikisano wa zida za nkhondo; kokha ndalama zochepa zikuwonongedwa pa kusungilira malo otizinga amene amatipulumutsa ife ndipo kungowanyalanyaza iwo kungatiphe ife. Chiyambire 1983 United States yokha inapereka $9 biliyoni kaamba ka kufufuza kwa Strategic Defense Initiative ndipo ifunanso $33 biliyoni yowonjezereka kaamba ka iyo kuchokera mu 1986 mpaka 1991—koma imatembenukira kukhala ya umbombo pa malo otizinga. Maiko ena okhala ndi maindasitiri amachitanso chimodzimodzi. State of the World 1987 yaika vutolo mwachidule kuti: “Nthaŵi yafika ya kupanga mtendere ndi wina ndi mnzake kotero kuti tingakhale okhoza kupanga mtendere ndi dziko lapansi.”

“Mtsogolo mokhutiritsa,” ripotili likunena kuti, “mumaitanira ife kuti tithetse panthaŵi imodzi kuchulukira kwa mpweya womwe titulutsa kunja, kuchinjiriza mphamvu za mbali za mpweya womwe tipuma, kusunga kubweretsa nkhalango ndi nthaka, kuletsa kukulakulabe kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kufutukula zodzetsa mphamvu, ndi kukulitsa magwero opanga mphamvu chatsopano. Kulibe mbadwo womwe wayang’anizana ndi kundandalitsidwa kwa nkhani zovutitsa chotere zomwe zikufunikira chisamaliro cha mwamsanga. Mibadwo yapita inakhala nthaŵi zonse yodera nkhaŵa ponena za mtsogolo, koma ife ndife oyambirira kuyang’anizana ndi zosankha zomwe zidzatsimikizira kaya ngati dziko lapansi limene ana athu adzalowamo lidzakhala lokhoza kukhalidwamo.”

Nkhani yotsatira yasonyeza mavuto obuka kuchokera ku za mankhwala za ululu.