Kusanthula Kuipa Kuchokera pa Augustine kufika kwa Calvin

M’BUKHU lake lakuti The City of God, katswiri wa za maphunziro aumulungu wa mu zana lachisanu Augustine anatsutsa kuti munthu, osati Mulungu, anali ndi thayo kaamba ka kukhalapo kwa kuipa. Analemba tero Augustine kuti: “Mulungu, muyambitsi wa chilengedwe, osati wa zoipa, analenga munthu wangwiro; koma munthu, pokhala wodzifunira iyemwini anaipsya ndipo anakanidwa molungama, anabala ana oipa, ndi kukanidwa . . . Ndipo chotero, kuchokera pa kugwiritsira ntchito moipa kwa ufulu wa kudzisankhira, kunachokeranso unyinji wonse wa kuipa.”

Kugwiritsira ntchito ufulu wa kudzisankhira kungalongosole zochulukira, kapena zambiri, za zoipa zomwe zakantha anthu. Komabe, kodi tsoka, longa ngati la pa San Ramón, lingaikidwe liwongo pa ufulu wa munthu wa kudzisankhira? Kodi zochitika za matsoka ambiri siziri zochititsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yosakhoza kulamuliridwa ndi munthu? Ndipo ngakhale ngati munthu mofunitsitsa anasankha choipa, nchifukwa ninji Mulungu wachikondi akalola kuipa kupitirizabe?

Mu zana la 16, katswiri wa maphunziro a zaumulungu wa Chiprotestanti cha Chifrench John Calvin, monga Augustine, anakhulupirira kuti pali aja “oikidwiratu [ndi Mulungu] kukhala ana ndi olowa a ufumu wa kumwamba.” Komabe, Calvin anatenga nkhanizo mopitirizabe, akumatsutsa kuti Mulungu anaikiratunso anthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi pa yekha kukhala “olandira a ukali wake”—kukanidwa ku kutembereredwa kosatha!

Chiphunzitso cha Calvin chinali ndi zotulukapo zowopsya. Ngati munthu anavutika ndi mtundu uliwonse wa tsoka, kodi chimenecho sichikasonyeza kuti iye anali pakati pa otembereredwa? Ndiponso, kodi Mulungu sakakhala ndi thayo kaamba ka zochitika za awo omwe iye anaikiratu zowagwera? Calvin chotero anapangitsa Mulungu mosalingalira kukhala Mlengi wa uchimo! Calvin ananena kuti “munthu amachimwa ndi chikhoterero cha kudzifunira kwa mwamsanga kwenikweni ndi chizoloŵezi.”—Instruction in Faith, ndi John Calvin.

Komabe, ziphunzitso za ufulu wa kudzisankhira ndi kuikiratu zotigwera zatsimikizira kukhala zopanda chiyembekezo m’kuyerekezera. Calvin anakhoza kokha kuwunjika kusuliza komvetsa chisoni mwa kulongosola kuti “kuipa kwa malingaliro a anthu ndithudi sikuyenera kukhala ndi liwongo la kulongosoka kokulira koteroko, kapena kuchepa kwathu kuzindikira nzeru yokulira yoteroyo” yonga ya kuikiratu zotigwera.

[Zithunzi patsamba 6]

Augustine

John Calvin