Fodya ndi Umoyo Wanu—Kodi Palidi Kugwirizana?

“Zikomo Kaamba ka Kusasuta”—Chizindikiro cha nthaŵi.

“Zikomo Chifukwa Chosuta”—Kuwukira kobwezera mu magazini ya kampani ya fodya.

MIZERE yomenyanirana yalembedwa, zolembera ndi makompyuta osatsira malonda zayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthumwi zosatsa malonda zitumiza mauthenga awo otsutsa. Nkhondo imeneyi ikumenyedwa mu msika wa dziko. Iri nkhondo ya fodya, ndipo ngozi ziri zokulira. Mabiliyoni a madola chaka chirichonse. Kaya mumasuta kapena ayi, mwayambukiridwa.

Iri nkhondo yomenyedwera pa miyezo iŵiri yaikulu—zachuma ndi umoyo. Kwa awo otsutsa kusuta, umoyo uli choyambirira cha pamalo oyamba. Kwa nduna zotchuka za fodya ndi awo omangiriridwa ku indastri, zachuma, mapindu, ndi ntchito ziri pa ngozi. Malingaliro ndi mayankho amakhoterera pa kukwera. Pa bwalo la ndege wosuta anafunsa woimirira pambali kaamba ka choyatsira. “Pepani, sindisuta,” linali yankho lopanda liwongo. “Sindinafunse ngati umasuta!” anazaza tero wosutayo.

Koma kodi nchiyani chomwe chiri maziko a mkanganowu? Kodi kusuta kulidi koipa kaamba ka inu? Kodi muyenera kuleka?

Machenjezo a Umoyo wa Boma

Nkhani ya fodya ndi kansa yakhala ikukambidwa kwa zaka makumi angapo mu United States. Indastri ya fodya inapereka mamiliyoni a madola ku kufufuza kumbuyoko mu 1960 kolingaliridwa kuthandiza kuthetsa kugwirizana pakati pa kansa ndi fodya ndipo chotero kupeza njira ina yotulutsira ndudu zopanda zinthu zoyambitsa kansa. Chotulukapo chimodzi chakhala mwinamwake choposa pa chimene opanga fodya anachilingalira.

Mu 1964 dokotala wotumbula wamkulu wa ku U.S. anapereka ripoti lake loyamba lochenjeza molimbana ndi ngozi za kusuta. Chiyambire 1965, opanga ndudu a ku U.S. akhala omangidwa ndi lamulo kusindikiza machenjezo pa mapaketi awo. Poyambapo uthengawo unali wopanda mphamvu: “Chenjezo: Dokotala Wotumbula Wamkulu Wagamulapo Kuti Kusuta Ndudu Kuli Kowopsya ku Umoyo Wanu.” Kenaka mu 1985 makampani a fodya anafunsidwa kuzungulitsa mauthenga anayi m’kusatsa malonda kwawo ndi pa zopangidwa zawo. Uliwonse umayamba ndi mawu awa: “CHENJEZO LA DOKOTALA WOTUMBULA WAMKULU.” Kenaka mauthenga osiyanasiyanawo ali akuti: “Kusuta Kumapangitsa Kansa ya m’Mapapo, Nthenda ya Mtima, Emphysema, Ndipo Kungavutitse Kukhala ndi Pakati.” (Onani bokosi pa tsamba 4.) “Kusuta Kochitidwa ndi Akazi Apakati Kungatulukemo m’Kuvulazika kwa Mwana Wosabadwa, Kubadwa Kosakwana Masiku, Ndi Kulemera Kotsika kwa Pobadwa.” “Kuleka Kusuta Tsopano Kumachepetsa Mokulira Ngozi Zowopsya ku Umoyo Wanu.” “Utsi wa Ndudu Umakhala ndi Carbon Monoxide.”a

Maiko ena, kuchotsapo United States, amaperekanso machenjezo ponena za ndudu. Magazini ya India Today imakhala ndi kusatsa malonda komwe kumaphatikizapo mawu awa: “CHENJEZO LA LAMULO: KUSUTA NDUDU KULI KWANGOZI KU UMOYO.” Mu Canada iwo anali kugwiritsira ntchito kusindikizidwa kwakung’ono: “Chenjezo: Canada ya Umoyo ndi Moyo Wabwino ikuchenjeza kuti ngozi ku umoyo imawonjezeka ndi unyinji wosutidwa—peŵani kusuta.” Chiyambire May 31, 1988, kusatsa malonda fodya kwaletsedwa mu Canada. Mu Britain kusatsa malonda kwa ndudu kumaphatikizapo mawu awa: “PHULA LAPAKATI [kapena PHULA LOTSIKA] monga momwe kwalongosoledwera ndi H. M. Government NGOZI: CHENJEZO la Umoyo wa Boma: NDUDU ZINGAWONONGE MOWOPSYA UMOYO WANU.” Kusatsa malonda a fodya kunaletsedwa mu Italy chiyambire 1962. (Komabe anthu a ku Italy aŵirikiza kaŵiri kusuta ndudu kwawo zaka 20 zapitazo!) Ndi machenjezo ambiri choterowo ozikidwa pa umboni wokulira wa sayansi, maphunziro oposa 50,000 mkati mwa zaka, mapeto ali osapeŵeka—kusuta kuli kowopsya ku umoyo wanu!

Ngakhale kuti kusuta kuli vuto la dziko lonse, simaiko onse omwe amalamula kuti machenjezo asindikizidwe pa katunduyo. Ndipo pamene misika itsika m’gawo lina, zimphona za fodya, ndi kusatsa malonda kwawo komakwerakwera, zimatsegula misika m’maiko ena. Kodi dziko lanu layambukiridwa ndi kusatsa malonda kwamphamvu kwa fodya? Kodi ndudu zakunja zimapangidwa kuwoneka zokongola koposa? Ndi iti yomwe iri nkhani yeniyeni kumbuyo kwa “kugulitsa kwakukuluko”?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

KUSUTA ndi Akazi Okhala ndi Pakati

Magazini ya ku Soviet Nauka I Zhizn (Sayansi ndi Moyo) posachedwapa inafalitsa nkhani yolembedwa ndi Dr. Victor Kazmin mu imene iye anaika tsatanetsatane wa ngozi kwa mayi ndi mwana ngati mayiyo amasuta mkati mwa nyengo ya kukhala ndi pakati. Iye analongosola kuti: “Kusuta kumachititsa kuvulala kwakukulu ku chamoyo cha mkaziyo, chimene mikhalidwe yake yathupi imachipangitsa kuyambukiridwa mofanana ndi ululu moipitsa. Ndiko nkomwe, utsi wa fodya umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapereka chiwopsezo chachikulu ku umoyo.”

Iye akulongosola kuti amayi osuta m’chenicheni angapereka ululu kwa ana awo. “Kupenda kwa m’chipinda cha zamankhwala kwasonyeza kukhalapo kwa ululu m’madzi a m’chibaliro mwa akazi odwala oterowo—chikonga ndi chotulukapo ku kugaya ndi kuyendetsa chakudya m’thupi chake, cotinine. Koma chomwe chiri chowopsya koposa, monga momwe kwapezedwera ndi kufufuza kwa electron microscopy, chiri chakuti kwa akazi osuta mkati mwa kukhala ndi pakati ngakhale kapangidwe ka nchofu ya nchombo kamasintha; ndipo ndi kupyolera m’nchofu imeneyi mmene mwana wokhala m’mimba amalandirira zonse zofunikira kaamba ka moyo kuchokera kwa mayiyo. . . .

“Ngati mayi asuta mkati mwa milungu iŵiri kapena itatu yoyambirira pambuyo pa kutenga mimba, monga lamulo, choyambukiridwa moipitsitsa chiri dongosolo la mitsempha yaubongo yopereka ndi kubweza uthenga la mluzawo . . . Mkati mwa mlungu wachinayi kapena wachisanu wa kukhala ndi pakati dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha yake yamwazi limapangika. Kenaka choyamba limaipitsidwa ndi ululu.”

Kumaliza kofikiridwa ndi Dr. Kazmin? “Utsi wa fodya uli wangozi mokulira kwa mwana wa m’mimba kuposa kwa mayi iyemwiniyo.” Kodi iko kulidi kanthu? Kumbukirani chenjezo la dokotala wotumbula wamkulu wa ku U.S. lakuti: “Kusuta . . . Kungavutitse Kukhala ndi Pakati.” Ndipo kutero ndikuchiika icho mofatsa.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

WHO/American Cancer Society

[Bokosi patsamba 5]

KUSUTA ndi Emphysema

Emphysema iri nthenda imene imatsogolera ku kusatamuka kopitiriza kwa mapapo, kumene potsirizira pake kumachipangitsa icho kukhala chosatheka kutulutsa mpweya wotha ntchito mokwanira. The Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Complete Home Medical Guide ikulongosola kuti: “Anthu mu [United States] omwe ali ndi emphysema amatsatira kakhazikitsidwe kotereka: Iwo ali kwakukulukulu amuna, pakati pa msinkhu wa 50 ndi 70, omwe akhala osuta mwamphamvu kwa zaka zingapo. Kale, akazi sanakhale ndi emphysema kwa kaŵirikaŵiri monga amuna, koma kakhazikitsidweka kakusintha pamene akazi akupitirizabe kukhala osuta amphamvu.”

Ntchito imodzimodziyo ikuwonjezera kuti: “Emphysema ingabisike kwa zaka zingapo monga chinachake chosiyanako. Munthu wokhala ndi emphysema mwinamwake amakhala atadwala chimfine choipitsitsa nthaŵi zambiri nyengo yachisanu iriyonse kwa zaka zoŵerengeka, chirichonse chotsagana ndi kukhosomola kwamphamvu, ndipo mwinamwake ndi kudwala chifuwa choletsa kupuma bwino chosalekeza. Kukhosomolako kaŵirikaŵiri kumawumirirabe ndipo kumakhala kosalekeza.” Kodi ndi ziti zomwe ziri zizindikiro zina za emphysema?

“Emphysema imakula pang’onopang’ono. Kupuma kovutikira m’mawa ndi m’madzulo kungatsatiridwe nthaŵi zina mochedwa ndi kuyambika kwa kuloŵerera m’zochitachita. Kuyenda kwakufupi kungakhale kokwanira kudzetsa phuma; kuyenda mokwera masitepi kuli kovuta. Potsirizira pake, pamene mapapo amalephera kuloŵetsa, kutulutsa, ndi kusinthanitsa mpweya kwa mkati, pangabwere nthaŵi pamene kupuma kulikonse kudzafunikira kuyesayesa kwakukulu ndipo wodwalayo amalemazidwa ndi kukhala wosakhoza kuchita machitachita a nthaŵizonse.”

Chitsogozo cha mankhwala chimodzimodzicho chikuwonjezera kuti emphysema ingatsogolere ku mavuto owopsya a mtima ndi mitsempha yake yamwazi. Kodi iko kwenikweni kulidi kanthu? Nkutayiranji mphatso yanu ya moyo ya mtengo wapatali mosinthanitsa ndi kusuta kwa kanthaŵi kwa chikonga?