Lingaliro la Baibulo

Hanukkah Kodi Ndiyo “Krisimasi Yachiyuda”?

PAMENE anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse akonzekera kukondwerera Krisimasi, Ayuda kaŵirikaŵiri amakonzekera kukondwerera tchuthi chosiyana, Phwando la Hanukkah (Chanukah). Kodi Hanukkah ndiyo chiyani? Osakhala Ayuda kaŵirikaŵiri amailingalira kukhala mtundu wa “Krisimasi Yachiyuda,” koma ichi sichowona mpang’ono pomwe.

Mwachitsanzo, Akristu amati amakumbukira kubadwa kwa Yesu Kristu, koma phwandolo kwenikweni limazikidwa pa zinthu zonga Santa Claus ndi mitengo yokometseredwa yobiriŵira m’nyengo zonse, zinthu zomwe sizimachita kalikonse kwa Mulungu, Yesu, kapena Baibulo. Ngakhale tsikulo, December 25, sindilo tsiku lakubadwa kwa Yesu koma kwa Mithra mulungu dzuwa wanthanthi! Kumbali ina, Hanukkah ndiyo phwando yokumbukira chochitika cham’mbiri chomwe chinali ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu pa anthu akale a Mulungu.

Kwenikweni, nkwachiwonekere kuti Hanukkah imatchulidwa m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki. Timaŵerenga pa Yohane 10:22, 23 kuti: ‘Koma kunali phwando la kukonzetsanso [m’Chihebri, chanuk·kahʹ] m’Yerusalemu; nyengoyo ndi yachisanu. Ndipo Yesu analikuyendayenda m’kachisi m’khumbi la Solomo.’ Mwachiwonekere, phwandoli linkakondwereredwa kale m’tsiku la Yesu ndipo mwachiwonekere ndi Yesu mwiniyo.

Kodi chinayambitsa phwandoli nchiyani? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, tiyenera kulingalira mbiri inayake.

Kachisi wa Yehova Aipitsidwa

Monga momwe kunanenedweratu zaka mazana ambiri pasadakhale ndi mneneri Danieli, panthaŵi ina m’mbiri yawo, Ayuda analamulidwa ndi Grisi motsatizanatsatizana ndipo, pambuyo pa kupasulidwa kwa ufumuwo, analamulidwa ndi Igupto ndi Suriya. (Danieli 11:2-16) Pamene kuli kwakuti olamulira ambiri osakhala Ayuda analekerera kulambira Yehova kochitidwa ndi Ayuda, yemwe anapatulidwa mwapadera anali Antiochus IV wa ku Suriya.

Podzafika 175 B.C.E., Antiochus analamulira ufumu waukulu wokhala ndi anthu a miyambo yambirimbiri. Poyembekezera kugwirizanitsa anthu ake, iye anawapangira chipembedzo chimodzi, nadziika yekha kuti ndiye anali “mawonekedwe a mulungu.” Komabe, Yehova amafuna kudzipereka kotheratu, chotero Ayuda anakana kumlambira Antiochus. (Eksodo 20:4-6) Chotero Antiochus anasankhapo kuchithetsa chipembedzo chosalabadirachi cha Ayuda. Mosataya nthaŵi iye analetsa kupereka kwawo nsembe zanyama, kusunga Sabata, mdulidwe, ndipo ngakhale kuŵerenga Malemba Achihebri, zonsezi zitachitidwa chilango chinali imfa. Kwenikweni, makope a Malemba Achihebri anafunidwafunidwa nawotchedwa!

Posatopa ndi chikhumbo chake cha kuthetsa kulambiridwa kwa Yehova, magulu ankhondo a Antiochus anaukira Yerusalemu nalowa m’kachisi wa Yehova, nafunkha za m’Malo Opatulikitsa. Pa Chislev 15, 168 B.C.E., Antiochus anamanga guwa lansembe kwa mulungu Wachigiriki Zeu pamwamba paguwa lansembe la Yehova m’bwalo lakachisi. Masiku khumi pambuyo pake, pa Chislev 25, iye anapanga kunyoza komalizira, mwakugwiritsira ntchito guwa lansembelo kuperekerapo nsembe nkhumba (zodetsedwa mogwirizana ndi Chilamulo cha Yehova). Kwenikweni, uku kunali kuperekedwa kwa kachisi wa Yehova kwa Zeu.

Kuwukira kwa Maccabeus

Kodi Ayuda anachita nazo bwanji zonsezi? Mogwirizana ndi cholembedwa cha m’mbiri chosauziridwa chodziŵika ndi dzina lakuti 1 Maccabees, Ayuda ambiri anagwirizana nawo oukira awowo, naleka kulambira Yehova. Ena anasungabe umphumphu wawo, naphedweradi chikhulupiriro kaamba ka zikhulupiriro zawozo.

Chaka chimodzimodzicho (168 B.C.E.) Ayuda ena anayamba kumenya nkhondo ndi Asuriya, nayembekezera kusungitsa ufulu wa kulambira Yehova. Mu 167 B.C.E., Judas Maccabeus (Judah Maccabee), wansembe Wachilevi, anakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lotsutsali. Atakhulupirira kuti chilakiko chikakhoza kudza kokha atadalira pa Yehova, Judas anasonkhanitsa amuna ake kuti aŵerenge Malemba Achihebri napemphere kwa Yehova.

Judas ndi amuna ake anamenyana nkhondo ndi Asuriya kwa zaka zitatu, mosasamala kanthu za kuchepa kwawo. Modabwitsa, podzafika mu 166 B.C.E., Judas anali atailandanso Yerusalemu. Pamenepo ansembe a Yehova adali okhoza kuyeretsa kachisi ndikumanga guwa lansembe latsopano. Pomalizira pake, pa Chislev 25, 165 B.C.E., zaka zitatu kuchokera pamene kachisi anaipitsidwa, inaperekedwanso kwa Yehova.

Phwando Lokondwerera Kuperekedwanso

Chinkana kuti Judas adafunikirabe kupitiriza kumenyera kwake nkhondo Asuri m’Galileya, chisangalalo cha kuperekedwanso kwa kachisiyo chidali chachikulu kwambiri kwakuti phwando lamasiku asanu ndi atatu la chaka ndi chaka lakukumbukira ichi lidakhazikitsidwa. Ili linadzadziŵika kukhala Phwando la Kuperekedwa (Hanukkah).a

Ngakhale kuti phwando limeneli silinali mbali ya pangano loyambirira la Mulungu lopangidwa ndi Israyeli, Hanukkah inakhala mbali yovomerezedwa m’kulambira kwa Ayuda, mongadi mmene Phwando la Purimu lidakhalira m’zaka zakale. (Estere 9:26, 27) Mofanana ndi Purimu, Hanukkah inakondwereredwa ndi nyimbo ndi mapemphero m’masunagoge, mosiyana ndi maphwando atatu aakulu okhazikitsidwa ndi pangano (Paskha; Madyerero a Masabata, kapena Pentekoste; ndi Madyerero Amisasa) omwe anafunikira kupanga maulendo kunka ku kachisi m’Yerusalemu.—Deuteronomo 16:16.

M’kupita kwazaka mwambo wokondwerera Hanukkah ndi miuni unayambika. Chotero, katswiri wa mbiri yakale Josephus akusimba kuti podzafika zaka za zana loyamba C.E., Hanukkah inadziŵikanso ndi dzina lakuti Phwando la Miuni. Komabe, chiyambi cha mwambowu nchosadziŵika. Mbiri ina imati iwo umakumbukira chozizwitsa chimene chinachitika pamene kachisi anaperekedwanso. Malinga nkunena kwa mbiriyi, pamene inafika nthaŵi ya kuyatsanso miuni m’kachisi wa Yehova, chinkana kuti padali mafuta oyera okwanira tsiku limodzi lokha, iwo anafikira masiku asanu ndi atatu mozizwitsa.b

Kodi mbiri ya mafuta ozizwitsayi njolongosoka kapena ndinthano yopanda maziko? Kaamba ka chifukwa chimenecho, kodi Mulungu ankachilikiza kuwukira kwa Judas Maccabeus kotsutsana ndi Suriya?

Kodi Padali Chilikizo Laumulungu?

Palibe ndemanga yachindunji m’Malemba Achihebri ouziridwa yomwe imati Yehova anampatsa chilakiko Judas kapena kuti anatsogoza kukonzanso ndikuperekedwanso kwa kachisi. Ndithudi, zochitika zimenezi zidachitika Malemba Achihebri atakhala pafupi kumalizidwa, chotero palibe ndemanga m’Malemba Achihebri imene inali yothekera kuphatikizidwa.

Kodi bwanji ponena za Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki? Yesu kapena atumwi ake sanachitirepo ndemanga pa zochitikazi, chotero iwo sanasonyezenso kaya Mulungu anamchilikiza Judas kapena ayi.

Komabe, m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki munalembedwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa Malemba Achihebri aulosi wa Mesiya muuminisitala wa Yesu Kristu. Ena a maulosiwa anafotokoza kuti kachisiyu adafunikira kukhala akugwira ntchito m’nthaŵi ya kuwonekera kwa Mesiya. (Danieli 9:27; Hagai 2:9; yerekezerani Salmo 69:9 ndi Yohane 2:16, 17.) Chotero, pokhapo ngati kachisiyo adayeretsedwa ndikuperekedwanso kwa Yehova, maulosiwa sakadakwaniritsidwa. Mwachiwonekere, Mulungu anafuna kuti kachisiyo aperekedwenso. Koma kodi Judas Maccabeus ndiye adali chiwiya chake chosankhika kaamba ka kukwaniritsira ichi?

Popanda umboni wa zolembera, palibe chomwe tinganene motsimikiza. Ndithudi, m’nthaŵi zakumbuyo Yehova anagwiritsira ntchito osakhala Ayuda, monga ngati Koresi wa ku Perisiya, kuchita mbali zakutizakuti za chifuniro chake. (Yesaya 44:26–45:4) Mulungu akaŵagwiritsira ntchito motero chotani nanga anthu ake odzipereka, Ayuda!

Bwanji Ponena za Akristu?

Koma bwanji ponena za phwando lenilenilo? Popeza kuti limakumbukira chochitika chofunika m’mbiri ya anthu a Mulungu, kodi iyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi Akristu?

Mtumwi Paulo analongosola pa Akolose 2:14-17 kuti: ‘[Mulungu] adatha kutifafanizira cha pa ifecho cholembedwa m’zoikikazo . . . ndikukhomera ichi pamtengo. . . . Chifukwa chake munthu aliyense asakuweruzeni inu m’chakudya, kapena chakumwa, kapena m’kunena tsiku la phwando, kapena tsiku lokhala mwezi, kapena la Sabata; ndizo mthunzi wa zirinkudzazo; koma thupi ndi la Kristu.’ Mongadi mmene mthunzi wopangidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chikuyandikira ungagalamutsire munthu kuti chinthucho chikufika, pangano la Chilamulo linali lokhoza kugalamutsa anthu kufika kwa Mesiya, kapena Kristu. Komabe, cholembedwa chitangotumikira chifuno chake, icho chinathetsedwa ndi Mulungu.—Agalatiya 3:23-25.

Chotero, pangano la Chilamulo ndi mapwando ake onse anatha kugwira ntchito m’kapenyedwe ka Mulungu pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E. Ndithudi, kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake kochitidwa ndi magulu ankhondo Achiroma mu 70 C.E. mofulumira kunasindikiza mfundo imeneyo. (Luka 19:41-44) Chotero ngakhale kuti kuperekedwanso kwa kachisi kunali chochitika chapadera m’mbiri ya anthu akale a Mulungu, palibe chifukwa chimene Akristu ayenera kukumbukirira Hanukkah.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 12]

M’maiko kumene Krisimasi inakhala phwando lotchuka labanja, Hanukkah, mwapadera pakati pa Magulu Okonzanso Achiyuda, inalingaliridwa mofananamo.—Encyclopædia Judaica

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums; Israel Museum/David Harris