‘Ana Ngamtengo Wapatali, Koma Ana Aamuna Ngofunika’
Pokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha mamiliyoni oposa 850 ndi mlingo wa obadwa wa 31 pa 1,000 iriyonse, India amapeza ana obadwa chatsopano mamiliyoni 26 chaka chirichonse, chiŵerengero chofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu cha ku Canada. Nzosadabwitsa kuti imodzi ya ntchito zamwamsanga zaboma ndiyo kulamulira kuchuluka kofulumira kwa chiŵerengero chake cha anthu. Kodi kutero nkwachipambano motani? Kodi nziti zimene ziri zina za zopinga zimene limayang’anizana nazo?
“ZISANAKWANE 20, Iyayi! Pambuyo pa 30, Ndithudi ayi! Ana Aŵiri Okha—Chabwino!” ndiwo uphungu woperekedwa ndi chimodzi cha zimapepala zomatiridwa pakhoma la khomo loloŵera m’chipinda cha malikulu a gulu lolamulira banja m’Bombay, India. China chikusonyeza nakubala wovutika maganizo atazingidwa ndi ana asanu. Chimachenjeza kuti: “Musadzamve Chisoni Pambuyo Pake!” Uthengawo ukufikira kukhala womvekera bwino kwambiri: Ana aŵiri pabanja lirilonse ngokwanira. Koma kupangitsa anthu kuvomereza ndi kuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana ndi chivomerezo cha boma cha kukhala ndi ana aŵiri pabanja lirilonse sikuli kosavuta.
“Ahindu amalingalira munthu kukhala wachimwemwe mogwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha ana amene ali nawo. Pakati pawo, ndithudi, ana amalingaliridwa kukhala dalitso la panyumba. Mosasamala kanthu za mmene ukulu umene banja la munthu lingakhalire, iye samaleka kupempherera chiwonjezeko chake,” likutero bukhu lakuti Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies. Komabe, malinga ndi lingaliro lachipembedzo, ndiye mwana wamwamuna amene ali wamtengo wapatali kwambiri kumakolo a banjalo. “Palibe chisoni chimene chingakhale chofanana ndi kusasiya mwana wamwamuna kapena mdzukulu wachimuna kuti achite ntchito zotsiriza zogwirizanitsidwa ndi maliro ake,” bukhulo likupitirizabe kutiuza motero. “Kumanidwa kotero kukulingaliridwa kukhala kokhoza kuletsa munthu kupeza Malo Aulemerero pambuyo pa imfa.”
Ana aamuna akufunikanso kusamalira dzoma la kulambira makolo, kapena sraddha. “Ngakhale mwana wamwamuna mmodzi anali pafupifupi wofunika kwambiri,” akulemba motero A. L. Basham mu The Wonder That Was India. “Lingaliro lalikulu la India Wachihinduyo linakulitsa chikhumbo cha ana aamuna, amene popanda iwo mzera ungathe kuzimiririka.”
Limodzi ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, mfundo yazamakhalidwe yosonkhezera kukhumba ana aamuna ndiyo makonzedwe a mgwirizano wamwambo, kapena a ukulu wabanja a India, kumene ana aamuna okwatira amapitirizabe kukhala ndi makolo awo. “Ana aakazi okwatibwa amapita kukakhala m’nyumba za apongozi awo, koma ana aamuna amakhalabe panyumba limodzi ndi makolo awo; ndipo makolo amayembekezera ana awo aamuna kuwasamalira muukalamba wawo,” akufotokoza motero Dr. Lalita S. Chopra wa Bombay Municipal Corporation Health and Family Welfare Division. “Chimenechi ndicho chisungiko chawo. Makolo amalingalira kukhala otetezereka ndi ana aamuna aŵiri. Chotero mwachiwonekere, ngati okwatirana afikira mlingo wolingaliridwa wa ana aŵiri ndipo ana onse aŵiriwo ali asungwana, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti iwo adzayesayesabe kupeza ana aamuna.”
Ngakhale kuti mwapakamwa ana onse amawonedwa kukhala opatsidwa ndi Mulungu, zenizeni za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zikusonyeza mosiyana. “Kunyalanyazidwa m’zamankhwala kwa asungwana nkwachiwonekere,” ikusimba motero Indian Express. “Kupulumuka kwawo sikumalingaliridwa kukhala kofunikadi kukupulumuka kwabanja.” Lipotilo likutchula kupendedwa kwa m’Bombay kumene kumavumbula kuti pamimba 8,000 zotayitsidwa pambuyo pa kutsimikizira kuti mimbayo nja mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, okwanira 7,999 anali aakazi.
Kukula kwa Nkhondoyo
“M’banja, ndiye mwamuna amene kaŵirikaŵiri amasankha kuti ndiana angati oti akhale nawo ndi kuti banjalo lidzakhala lalikulu motani,” akufotokoza motero Dr. S. S. Sabnis, ofesala wa zaumoyo wa Bombay Municipal Corporation, pofunsidwa. Ngakhale ngati mkazi angafune kusiyanitsa ana ake kapena kuchepetsa banja lake, iye amakhala pansi pa chitsenderezo chochokera kwa mwamuna wake motsutsana nazo. “Ndicho chifukwa chake timatumiza timagulu ta amuna ndi akazi kunyumba iriyonse m’miraga tiri ndi chiyembekezo chakuti wantchito ya zaumoyo wachimuna adzakhala wokhoza kulankhula ndi atate wa panyumba ndi kumlimbikitsa kuchepetsa ukulu wa banja, akumamthandiza kuwona kuti iye angathe kupereka chisamaliro chabwinopo kwa ana ocheperapo.” Koma monga momwe tawonera, zopingazo nzambiri.
“Pakati pa anthu osauka kwambiri, mlingo wa imfa za makanda ngwaukulu chifukwa cha kukhala m’mikhalidwe yaumphaŵi,” akutero Dr. Sabnis. “Chotero pali chikhumbo chachikulu cha kukhala ndi ana ambiri, podziŵa kuti ena adzafa.” Koma nzochepa kwambiri zimene zimachitidwa kusamalira anawo. Iwo amangoyendayenda ali osasamaliridwa, kupemphapempha kapena mwinamwake kukafunafuna chakudya padzala. Ndipo bwanji za makolo? “Iwo samadziŵa kumene ana awo ali,” akudandaula motero Dr. Sabnis.
Zilengezo mu India kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonyeza aŵiri okwatirana achimwemwe, owonekera kukhala athanzi labwino akumasangalala ndi moyo limodzi ndi ana awo aŵiri, kaŵirikaŵiri mnyamata ndi mtsikana, amene mwachiwonekere akusamaliridwa bwino. Ndimo m’chitaganya chimenechi—kagulu kapakati—mmene lingaliro la ana aŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri likuvomerezedwa bwino. Koma silikulingaliridwa nkomwe ndi amphaŵi, amene amalingalira kuti, ‘Ngati makolo athu kapena agogo athu anali ndi ana 10 kapena 12, kodi ife tingalekerenji? Kodi nchifukwa ninji tiyenera kulekezera ku aŵiri okha?’ Ndimuno mkati mwa aunyinji osauka a mu India mmene nkhondo ya kulamulira chiŵerengero ikukhala yovuta kwambiri. “Chiŵerengero cha anthu nchochepa tsopano ndi cha mbadwo wa kubala ana, akutero Dr. Chopra. “Kukuwonekera ngati kuti zotulukapo zidzakhala zosakondweretsa. Tiri ndi ntchito yaikulu patsogolo pathu.”