“Sitifunanso Mahiroshima Ena!”
NGAKHALE kuti nzika za Japani zinakondwera chifukwa cha chilakiko pa Pearl Harbor ndi kuchikumbukira pamene anali kupambana, tsikulo linaiŵalidwa pamene analephera nkhondoyo. Pamene boma la Japani linafunsidwa posachedwapa chifukwa chosapepesa kaamba ka kuukirako, mlembi wamkulu wanyumba yamalamulo anayankha kuti: “Kunena zowona, ndimalingalira kuti kuukira Pearl Harbor kunali koyamikirika. Komabe, nkhani zokhudza nkhondo yapakati pa United States ndi Japani zinathetsedwa ndi Pangano la Mtendere la ku San Francisco.”
Mawu ake amaimira malingaliro a nzika zina za Japani kulinga ku kuukira kodzidzimutsa kumene kunayambitsa nkhondo ya ku Pacific. Ngakhale kuti nzika za Japani zoposa miliyoni imodzi zimachezera Hawaii chaka chirichonse, ikusimba motero nyuzipepala ya Mainichi Shimbun, zoŵerengeka zokha zimachezera Sitima ya Chikumbutso ya United States Yopangidwa ku Arizona, imene inamangidwa kukumbukira kuukiridwa kwa Pearl Harbor.
Pamene kuli kwakuti mfuu yakuti “Kumbukirani Pearl Harbor!” imabweretsa zikumbukiro zoipa pa nzika zina za Amereka, nzika za Japani zimakumbukira kuvutika kwawo ndi mfuu yakuti “Sitifunanso Mahiroshima Ena.” Mabomba a atomu amene anaphulika pamizinda ya Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki mu August 1945 anali ndi chiyambukiro choipa osati kokha pa minkhole komanso pa mtundu wonsewo.
Kudzimverera tokha zokumana nazo za opulumuka kudzatithandiza kumvetsetsa malingaliro awo. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za Itoko, yemwe anali atangomaliza sukulu ndipo anakhala mlembi panyumba ya Gulu Lankhondo Lapamadzi mu Hiroshima. Ngakhale kuti anali mkati mwa nyumbayo mmene ankagwira ntchito, iye anakhudzidwa ndi kuthwanima kwa bomba la atomu, ngati kuti anakankhidwa ndi kuunikako. Itoko akufotokoza kuti: “Ndinagwira ntchito ndi asirikaliwo kuchotsa mitembo mu mzinda. Mu mtsinje, asirikaliwo anakoka khoka kuchoka m’bwato ndipo anakola mitembo yoposa 50 nthaŵi iriyonse imene anakoka khokalo. Tinatengera mitemboyo kumtunda ndi kuiunjika isanuisanu ndi kuitentha. Yambiri inali yamaliseche. Sindinathe kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo milomo yawo inatupa ngati milomo ya bakha.” Nzika za Japani sizingaiŵale konse zowopsa zomwe zinachititsidwa ndi mabomba aŵiri a atomu.
Chifukwa Chake Chida Chosakaza Mowopsa Chinagwiritsiridwa Ntchito
Profesa Shigetoshi Iwamatsu wa pa Nagasaki University, yemwe ndi mnkhole wa bomba la atomu, analembera manyuzipepala Akumadzulo zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo kuwadziŵitsa za vuto la minkholeyo. Nyuzipepala ya Asahi Evening News ikusimba kuti: “Anachita kakasi ndi mayankhowo, theka la mayankhowo anati kuphulitsa mabomba a atomu ndiko kunathetsa kuukira kwa Japani ndikuti zinali zodabwitsa kuti minkhole ya bombalo inapempha mtendere.”
Pofotokoza chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito chida chosakaza mowopsa, The Encyclopedia Americana ikuti: “Iye [Harry S. Truman] anapanga chosankha chakugwiritsira ntchito mabomba a atomu pa Japani, akumakhulupirira kuti akathetsa nkhondoyo mofulumira ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo.” Ngakhale kuti anakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro a minkhole ya bomba la atomu, Kenkichi Tomioka, mtola nkhani wa ku Japani amene anasimba mikhalidwe yoipa ya pambuyo pa nkhondo, akumavomereza kuti: “Kuyang’ananso pa nyengo ya pakati pa March/April ndi August 1945, pamene zochita zothetsera nkhondoyo zinafika pachimake kuika paupandu mtsogolo mwa mtunduwo, sitinganyalanyaze mbali yomwe inachitidwa ndi mipimo iŵiri ya mankhwala ochiritsa [mabomba a atomu], ochiritsira mkhalidwe wansontho, amene anaperekedwa kwa okonda nkhondo omwe anafuna nkhondo kuchinjiriza dziko lawo. Nkhondoyo ikanatanthauza gyokusai (kuloŵa mu imfa m’malo mwa kugonja) kwa anthu okwanira 100 miliyoni.”
Komabe, awo amene anataikiridwa okondedwa awo m’kuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba a atomu ndi awo amene akuvutika ndi matenda ochititsidwa ndi cheza amapeza kuti kupweteka kwawo sikungathetsedwe ndi mawu olungamitsa kuponyedwa kwa pikadon, kapena “kuthwanima ndi kuphulika,” monga momwe opulumukawo anatchera mabomba a atomu. Ngakhale kuti adziwona kukhala minkhole yopanda liŵongo, opulumuka ena a mabomba a atomu akuzindikira tsopano kuti monga nzika za Japani, ayenera kuvomereza, monga momwe Profesa Iwamatsu anapitirizira kunena, “maupandu amene anawachita m’kuukira kwawo maiko ena m’chigawo cha Asia ndi Pacific.” Mu 1990 mnkhole wa bomba anapepesa kaamba ka maupandu ankhondo a Japani pamaso pa nthumwi zakumaiko akunja pa zisonyezero zakuipidwa za chaka ndi chaka zotsutsa bomba la atomu mu Hiroshima.
Kodi Anali Nazodi Zifukwa Zophera?
Mitima ya anthu ambiri amene anapulumuka ndi kudziwonera okha zimene zinachitika pa Pearl Harbor, Hiroshima, ndi Nagasaki, imanyansidwa kwambiri ndi nkhondo. Kuyang’ana m’mbuyo, ena amakaikira ngati maiko awo anali ndi zifukwa zotsimikizirika zofunira kulepa okondedwa awo.
Pofuna kudzutsa mfuu ya nkhondo ndi kulungamitsa kuphako, mbali zonse ziŵiri zinayambitsa kuukira kwapakamwa. Nzika za Amereka zinatcha nzika za Japani kukhala “Ajapani achizembera” ndipo zinakupeza kukhala kopepuka kudzutsa mzimu wa chidani ndi kubwezera ndi mawu akuti “Kumbukirani Pearl Harbor!” Ku Japani anthu anaphunzitsidwa kuti anthu a Anglo-America anali kichiku, kutanthauza “zilombo zauchiŵanda.” Ambiri ku Okinawa anasonkhezeredwa kudzipha m’malo mogwera m’manja mwa “zilombo.” Mofananamo, pambuyo pa kugonja kwa Japani, pamene magulu oloŵerera a Amereka anafika padoko lapafupi, Itoko wachichepere, wotchulidwa poyambirira, anapatsidwa mipimo iŵiri ya potassium cyanide yapaizoni ndi kazembe wake. Iye analamula kuti: “Usakhale choseŵeretsa cha asirikali achilendo.”
Komabe, kudzera mwa mabwenzi ake a ku Japani okhala ku Hawaii, mwapang’onopang’ono Itoko anakulitsa malingaliro ake ndi kuzindikira kuti nzika za Amereka ndi Briteni zingakhale zaubwenzi, zachifundo, ndi zokoma mtima. Iye anakumana ndi George, mwamuna wa ku Ireland wobadwira ku Singapore, amene abambo ŵake anaphedwa ndi nzika za Japani. Iwo anadziŵana nakwatirana. Iwo ali chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha ambiri amene anapeza omwe kale anali adani awo kukhala anthu okondeka. Ngati onse anawona “adaniwo,” osati ndi maso ochititsidwa chimbuuzi ndi nkhondo, koma ndi maso awo osaipitsidwa, akanawasonyeza chikondi m’malo mwa kuwaphulitsira mabomba.
Inde, mtendere pakati pa anthu wozikidwa pa kumvana uli wofunika kaamba ka mtendere wadziko. Koma polingalira za nkhondo zambirimbiri zomwe zamenyedwa chiyambire 1945, kuli kowonekeratu kuti anthu sanaphunzire phunziro lalikulu limeneli pa Pearl Harbor ndi Hiroshima. Komabe, ngakhale mtendere pakati pa anthu suli wokwanira kubweretsa mtendere wadziko. Kodi padzafunikiranji? Nkhani yotsatira idzafotokoza.
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 7]
Pamene kuli kwakuti mfuu yakuti “Kumbukirani Pearl Harbor!” imabweretsa zikumbukiro zoipa pa nzika zina za Amereka, nzika za Japani zimakumbukira kuvutika kwawo ndi mfuu yakuti “Sitifunanso Mahiroshima Ena!”
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 8]
Mtendere pakati pa anthu wozikidwa pa kumvana uli wofunika kaamba ka mtendere wadziko
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Lloyd Barry ndi Adrian Thompson, amishonale a Watch Tower Society, patsogolo pa Chikumbutso cha Mtendere pa Hiroshima mu 1950
[Chithunzi patsamba 8]
Hiroshima ali bwinja pambuyo pa kuphulitsidwa kwa bomba la atomu
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
U.S. Army/Courtesy of The Japan Peace Museum