Achichepere Akufunsa Kuti . . .

Kodi Ndimotani Mmene Ndingapeŵere Kutenga AIDS?

“ZIMANDIKWIYITSA kwambiri kuti ndinalola zimenezi kuchitika,” akutero Kaye. “Njira imene ndinasankha inanditayitsa zosankha zimene ndikanapanga mtsogolo.” (Magazini a Newsweek a August 3, 1992) Pamsinkhu wa zaka 18, Kaye anayambukiridwa ndi kachilombo ka AIDS.

Kaye wangokhala mmodzi wa anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi mu United States amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)—kachilombo kamene madokotala amati kamachititsa nthenda yowopsa ya AIDS.a Palibe aliyense amene adziŵa kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa achichepere amene ali ndi kachilomboko, koma mwachionekere achichepere ngoda nkhaŵa kwambiri. Kufufuza kunasonyeza kuti kwa achichepere a ku Britain, AIDS ndiyo nkhaŵa yawo yaikulu. Mosasamala kanthu za nkhaŵa imeneyo, bungwe la U.S. Centers for Disease Control likuti: “Achichepere ambiri amapitiriza kusimba kuti amadziloŵetsa m’machitachita oika munthu pangozi ya kuyambukiridwa ndi HIV.”

Nthaŵi zambiri AIDS imapha, ndipo ikufalikira paliŵiro lowopsa padziko lonse. Kodi mungadzitetezere motani?

AIDS—Kusiyanitsa Zopeka ndi Zenizeni

Kabuku kolembedwa ndi bungwe la U.S. Centers for Disease Control kamafotokoza kuti: “Kuyambukiridwa ndi HIV ‘sikumangochitika.’ ‘Simungayambukiridwe’ mofanana ndi chifuwa kapena chimfine.” Chotero, kukuoneka kuti kukhudzana kwa masiku onse kozoloŵereka ndi odwala AIDS sikuli kwaupandu. Simuyenera kuda nkhaŵa ndi kutenga AIDS kwa mnzanu wa m’kalasi kokha chifukwa chakuti mumakhala pafupi naye. Popeza kuti HIV ndikachilombo kamene sikamayambukira kupyolera mumpweya, simuyenera kuda nkhaŵa ngati wodwala AIDS akhosomola kapena kuyetsemula. Ndi iko komwe, a m’banja la odwala AIDS agwiritsira ntchito mataulo amodzimodzi, ziŵiya zodyera, ndipo ngakhale mswachi popanda kuyambukitsa kachilomboko.b

Zimenezi zili chifukwa chakuti kachilombo kakuphako kamakhala m’mwazi wa munthu, ubwamuna, kapena m’madzi a kumpheto ya mkazi. Chotero, nthaŵi zambiri, AIDS imayambukira mwakugonana—kwa anthu ofanana ziŵalo kapena kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi.c Ndiponso odwala ambiri anayambukiridwa nayo mwakugwiritsira ntchito singano kapena jekeseni imodzimodzi, kaŵirikaŵiri m’kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa anamgoneka, imene munthu wina wokhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV anagwiritsira ntchito.d Ndipo ngakhale kuti madokotala akunena kuti upanduwo “wachotsedwa kotheratu” mwakupenda mwazi mosamalitsa, AIDS ingayambukirenso wina mwakuthiridwa mwazi.

Chotero aliyense amene amachita kugonana asanakwatire kapena amene amagwiritsira ntchito anamgoneka osaloledwa ochita kubaya ndi jekeseni akhoza kuyambukiridwa mosavuta ndi AIDS. Zowona, wogonana nayeyo wokhala ndi kachilombo angaoneke kukhala wosadwala. Koma kabuku kakuti Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: Facts, Issues, and Answers kamakumbutsa kuti: “Inu simungadziŵe mwakungoyang’ana wina kuti kaya ali ndi HIV kapena ayi. Munthu akhoza kuoneka ndi kudzimva kukhala wathanzi labwino koma nakhalabe ndi kachilomboko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ochuluka amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV samadziŵa.”

Kodi Kulidi “Kugonana Kotetezereka”?

Chotero ogwira ntchito za m’chipatala ndi ophunzitsa zathanzi ambiri akuchilikiza kugwiritsira ntchito makondomu.e Zosatsa malonda za pa TV, zikwangwani, ndi maphunziro a kusukulu zafalitsa uthenga wakuti kugwiritsira ntchito chipangizo choletsa kutenga mimba chimenechi kumachititsa kugonana kukhala “kotetezereka”—kapena “kotetezerekapo.” M’masukulu ena makondomu agaŵiridwa kwa ophunzira. Posonkhezeredwa ndi manenanena okopa otero, achichepere ambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse akuwagwiritsira ntchito.

Ngakhale ndi choncho, kodi “kugonana kotetezereka” kuli kotetezereka motani? Brosha lolembedwa ndi bungwe la Red Cross la ku America limati: “Makondomu akhoza kukulitsa mwaŵi wanu wa kupeŵa kuyambukiridwa.” Koma kodi mungadzimve wotetezereka ngati ‘mwakulitsa mwaŵi wanu’ wa kupeŵa nthenda imene nthaŵi zonse ilidi yakupha? Bungwe la U.S. Centers for Disease Control likuvomereza kuti: “Makondomu a pulasitiki atsimikiziridwa kukhala othandiza kuletsa kuyambukiridwa ndi HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana mwakugonana . . . Koma saali osalephera.” Ndithudi, akhoza kubooka, kung’ambika, kapena kuchoka pogonana. Malinga nkunena kwa magazini a Time, makondomu “angakhale ndi chiŵerengero cha kulephera cha pakati pa 10% ndi 15%”! Kodi mungakonde kuika moyo wanu pachiswe ndi kulephera kotero? Ndipo zoipa koposa, achichepere osakwanira theka mwa awo amene amachita kugonana mu United States ndiwo amagwiritsira ntchito makondomu.

Chotero uphungu wa pa Miyambo 22:3 uli woyenera wakuti: “Wochenjera aona zoipa, nabisala; koma achibwana angopitirira, nalipitsidwa.” Imodzi ya njira zabwino koposa zopeŵera AIDS ndiyo kupeŵa kotheratu kugwiritsira ntchito anamgoneka ndi chisembwere. Kodi zimenezi nzopepuka kunena chabe pakamwa? Ambiri amaganiza motero, makamaka polingalira za zitsenderezo zazikulu zimene achichepere amayang’anizana nazo.

Zitsenderezo

Pa “unamwali,” zilakolako za kugonana zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. (1 Akorinto 7:36) Tsopano, onjezanipo chisonkhezero cha wailesi yakanema ndi mafilimu. Malinga ndi kufufuza kwina, achichepere amaonerera TV kwa maola oposa asanu tsiku lililonse—imene maprogramu ake ochuluka amasonyeza kugonana kosabisa. Koma m’dziko la maloto la TV, chisembwere chilibe zotulukapo zoipa. Kufufuza kwina kunasonyeza kuti pawailesi yakanema ya ku United States “amuna ndi akazi osakwatirana amagonana mobwerezabwereza kuŵirikiza kanayi kufikira kasanu ndi katatu kuposa amuna ndi akazi okwatirana. Zoletsa kutenga mimba sizimatchulidwa kapena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang’ono chabe, koma akazi nthaŵi zambiri samatenga mimba; amuna ndi akazi nthaŵi zambiri samatenga matenda opatsirana mwakugonana kusiyapo ngati ali mahule kapena ogonana ofanana ziŵalo.”—Center for Population Options.

Kodi kuonerera kwambiri zoulutsidwa zotero kungayambukiredi mkhalidwe wanu? Inde, malinga nkunena kwa lamulo la mkhalidwe la Baibulo pa Agalatiya 6:7, 8 kuti: “Musanyengedwe; Mulungu sanyozeka; pakuti chimene munthu achifesa, chimenenso adzachituta. Pakuti wakufesera kwa thupi la iye yekha, chochokera m’thupi adzatuta chivundi.” Kufufuza kwina pa achichepere 400 kunasonyeza kuti “awo amene anaonerera maprogramu ochuluka ‘odzutsa nyere’ apawailesi yakanema akhoza kumwerekera mosavuta m’zakugonana kuposa awo amene anaonerera ochepa.”

Chisonkhezero china champhamvu ndicho chitsenderezo cha mabwenzi. “Ndinali kufunafuna mtundu wa anthu amene ndingayenererane nawo, ndipo zimenezo nzovuta,” akutero wachichepere wotchedwa David. “Nthaŵi zambiri ndinadziloŵetsa mumkhalidwe woipa kwambiri. . . . Ndinapezedwa ndi AIDS.” Mofananamo, achichepere m’nthaŵi za m’Baibulo kaŵirikaŵiri anali kuyang’anizana ndi chitsenderezo cha mabwenzi awo. Kodi uphungu wa Baibulo ngwotani? “Mwananga,” anatero wolemba Miyambo, “akakukopa ochimwa usalole.”—Miyambo 1:10.

Kukana

Ochilikiza “kugonana kotetezereka” amatsutsa kuti kulekeratu kugonana nkosatheka. Koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kodi kulekerera chisembwere kumathandizadi? Wachichepere wina akuvomereza kuti zimenezi zimangosokoneza achichepere, akumati: “Iwo amatiuza kukana kugonana ndi kuti ndibwino kukhala munthu wabwino ndi woyera. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, amagaŵira [makondomu] natisonyeza mmene tingachitire kugonana popanda zotsatirapo zovulaza.”

Musakhale mkhole wa msokonezo wa makhalidwe umenewo. Baibulo—ngakhale kuti limaoneka kukhala lachikale—limakulangizani kupeŵa mkhalidwe umene ungakuikeni paupandu wa kuyambukiridwa ndi AIDS. Ngati mumvera lamulo la Baibulo la ‘kusala mwazi,’ simudzatenga AIDS mwakuthiridwa mwazi. (Machitidwe 15:29) Labadirani chiletso cha Baibulo pa “anamgoneka” ndipo simudzakhala ndi nkhaŵa ya kuyambukiridwa ndi nthendayo kupyolera m’jekeseni. (Agalatiya 5:20; Chivumbulutso 21:8; The Kingdom Interlinear) Makamaka malamulo a Baibulo a zakugonana ndiwo adzakutetezerani. “Thaŵani dama,” limalamula motero Baibulo. “Tchimo lililonse munthu akalichita lili kunja kwa thupi; koma wachiwerewere achimwira thupi lake la iye yekha.” (1 Akorinto 6:18) Mliri wa AIDS umagogomezera nzeru ya mawu amenewo.

Kodi ndimotani mmene wachichepere ‘angathaŵire’ chisembwere? Kwa zaka zambiri nkhani za “Achichepere Akufunsa Kuti . . .” zapereka njira zothandiza zambiri, zonga ngati kucheza ndi wopalana naye chibwenzi muli pagulu la anthu, kupeŵa mikhalidwe yopereka chiyeso (yonga kukhala nokha ndi wosiyana naye chiŵalo m’chipinda kapena m’nyumba kapena m’galimoto loimikidwa), kuika malire pa machitidwe osonyezana chikondi, kupeŵa kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa (zimene zimafooketsa kulingalira kwabwino), ndi kukana zolimba pamene mkhalidwewo uyamba kufika powopsa.f Nthaŵi iliyonse musalole aliyense kukupanikizirani mumkhalidwe umene suli chabe woluluza mwakuthupi komanso wowononga mwauzimu. (Miyambo 5:9-14) “Kodi mufuna kuika moyo wanu m’manja mwa munthu winayo?” anafunsa motero mtsikana wina wotchedwa Amy wogwidwa mawu m’nkhani ya mu Newsweek. Iye anatenga kachilombo ka HIV kwa mnyamata wake asanamalize maphunziro a sekondale. Molunjika iye anafunsa kuti: “Kodi nkoyenera kufera mnyamata kapena mtsikana wotero? Sindiganiza choncho.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

Kugonja kuchitsenderezo cha kugonana kungadzetse AIDS