Kubwereranso Kusukulu Chifukwa?

KUFUNAFUNA ntchito kwa Robert kunali mchitidwe wanthaŵi yaitali wogwiritsa mwala wa zaka zitatu. Potsirizira pake, pausinkhu wa zaka 21, iye analembedwa ganyu monga mlangizi wa pamalo a tchuthi. Ngakhale kuti tsopano anapeza mpumulo pang’ono, Robert anali atalemetsedwa ndi kufunafuna ntchito kotopetsako. “Makolo athu samamvetsetsa,” iye akutero. “Nkovuta kwambiri kuipeza masiku ano.”

Mofanana ndi Robert, achichepere ambiri ongomaliza kumene sukulu amaloŵa m’gulu la ofuna ntchito ena chaka chilichonse. Ali ndi ziyembekezo. Ali ndi zolinga. Koma ambiri akupeza kuti sangathe kupeza mtundu wa ntchito imene anayembekezera.

Motero, ambiri akuwonjezera maphunziro awo.a “Ngati [ma 70] anapereka uthenga wosakondweretsa ponena za mapindu a maphunziro,” akutero magazini a Fortune, “[ma 80] anadabwitsa anthu ndi uthenga wosiyana: Pezani digiri apo phuluzi, kaya.”

Kodi Nchifukwa Ninji Pali Vuto?

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kaŵirikaŵiri maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira? Choyamba, ntchito zambiri lerolino zimafuna luso lapamwamba. “Wolandira ndi kuŵerenga ndalama wa kubanki amene anali kungotenga madipoziti wachotsedwa ntchito ndi makina a ndalama,” ikutero nthumwi ya U.S. Labor Department. “Tsopano [wolandira ndi kuŵerenga ndalama] ayenera kundilangiza za mitundu itatu ya madipoziti a zamalonda ndi kundifotokozera chifukwa chake ndingafunikire iyi koposa inayo.” William D. Ford, tcheyamani wa House Education and Labor Committee, akunena kuti: “Kulibenso ntchito zokhweka.”

Chachiŵiri, ena amalingalira kuti sukulu sizikupatsa ophunzira maphunziro okwanira. Amanena kuti chigogomezero pa nkhani zonga kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa anamgoneka, AIDS, ndi maprogramu oletsa kutenga mimba chimaphimba kuphunzitsidwa kwa kuŵerenga, kulemba, ndi masamu. Dr. Robert Appleton, mphunzitsi kwa zaka 27, akudandaula kuti madongosolo a sukulu akuonekera kukhala “malo othandizira” amene ali ndi ntchito yovuta ya “kulimbana ndi mavuto amene sanali kulingaliridwa kukhala thayo la sukulu.”

Monga chotulukapo cha kulephera kuphunzitsa ophunzira maluso ofunika, omaliza maphunziro a ku sukulu ya sekondale ambiri ali osakhoza kudzichirikiza. “Sanaphunzitsidwe kugwira ntchito,” akutero Joseph W. Schroeder, manijala wa ofesi ya Job Services ya ku Florida. “Pochita ndi achichepere vuto limene owalemba ntchito amandiuza nthaŵi zonse ndi lakuti iwowo sangathe kuŵerenga kapena kulemba bwino. Sangathe kudzaza fomu yofunsira ntchito.”

Chifukwa chachitatu chimene maphunziro owonjezera angafunikire nchakuti m’maiko ambiri muli omaliza maphunziro a koleji ambirimbiri omafunafuna ntchito. “Omaliza maphunziro a koleji amaposa ntchito zawo zimene zilipo,” ikutero The New York Times. “Pokhala ndi ambirimbiri chotere,” lipotilo likuwonjezera motero, “olemba ntchitowo ngosafunitsitsa kulemba ntchito omaliza maphunziro a sukulu ya sekondale.”

Kuti ayenerere mtundu wa ntchito yofunikira kudzichirikizira mokwanira, ambiri akubwereranso kusukulu. Ku United States, 59 peresenti imapitirizabe ndi maphunziro awo kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a sukulu ya sekondale. Chimenechi ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu kuposa chiŵerengero cha 50 peresenti chimene chinakhalako kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Mikhalidwe yofananayo ikuonedwa m’maiko enanso. Mwachitsanzo, chiyambire m’ma 1960, Britain wakhala ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha ophunzira amene amalandira maphunziro oposa ofunidwa mwalamulo. M’chaka china chaposachedwapa, Australia anaona 85 peresenti ya awo amene anamaliza maphunziro a sukulu ya sekondale akumafunafuna malo kumayunivesite ndi makoleji osiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya ophunzira a ku Japan amalemba mayeso kuti alandire maphunziro azaka zina zitatu, amene amawakonzekeretsa ntchito kapena kaamba ka koleji.

Komabe, maphunziro owonjezera samapereka mapindu okhumbiridwawo nthaŵi zonse. Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zimene ziyenera kulingaliridwa?

[Mawu a M’munsi]