Kumene Ziombankhanga Zimaulukira Kukadya Nsomba

ZIMAFIKA m’zikwi, zitavala mokongola kaamba ka chakudya, zikumauluka kuchokera mu Alaska yense, British Columbia, ndiponso kuchokera kutali monga ku boma la Washington. Mbalame zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zapadera kwambiri chifukwa cha mitu yake yoyera ndi zipsepse za nthenga zoyera zokongola zotambasulidwa poima pamene zikutera. Mbalame zoderazo, zolemera pa avareji ya makilogalamu asanu ndi imodzi, zazikazi zili zokulirapo pang’ono kuposa zazimuna, zimayenda mtunda wa makilomita 50 pa ola, zokhala ndi mapiko otambasuka kuyambira pa mamita 1.8 kufikira pa 2.4—koma ngati maso awo akuthwa aona nsomba imene ili patali kwambiri, zikhoza kutsika pa liŵiro la makilomita 160 pa ola ndi kukaivuula!

Komabe, pa phwando lawo la chakudyalo ku mtsinje wa Chilkat, mchitidwe wovuta wa mumlengalenga umenewo sumafunika. Chakudya chawo cha chambo sichimathaŵa. Chimangokhala pamaso pawo chili chochuluka, chongoyembekezera kudyedwa. Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, imene inapangidwa mu 1982 ndi boma la Alaska “potetezera ndi kupitiriza kusamalira chiŵerengero chachikulu koposa m’dziko cha Ziombankhanga za Mutu Woyera chachikulu ndi malo ake ofunika” ndiyo imazilinganizira phwando lonseli.

Malo otetezeredwawo ndi a mahekita 19,000 m’mbali mwa mitsinje ya Chilkat, Klehini, ndi Tsirku, ndipo tingofotokoza za madera ofunika a malo okhala a ziombankhanga okha. Dera lapadera kumene kumakhala ziombankhanga zochuluka ndi kumene odzaziona ambiri amapita nlamakilomita asanu ndi atatu m’mbali mwa mtsinje wa Chilkat mochitirana malire ndi Haines Highway, pakati pa tauni ya Haines ndi ya Klukwan.

Chikalata cha boma chotchedwa kuti “Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve” chimafotokoza chifukwa chake dera la mtsinje la makilomita asanu ndi atatu limeneli lili lokhoza kutulutsa chakudya cha chambo chokoma cha ziombankhanga.

“Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe wochititsa madzi kuyenda m’dera la makilomita asanu ndi atatu mu mtsinje wa Chilkat m’miyezi yachipale umatchedwa kuti ‘alluvial fan reservoir.’ Malo a Tsirku ameneŵa, amene ali omka nafutukuka kutsogolo opangika ndi nsangalabwi, matanthwe, mchenga, ndi thope la mtsinje wa madzi oundana, pamathiriro a mitsinje ya Tsirku, Klehini, ndi Chilkat ali monga dziŵe lalikulu la madzi.”

Ambiri amati, mtsinje woyenda pang’onopang’ono unakumana ndi mtsinje wina ukumasiya zokokoloka zake, zimene zinapanga mathiriro, komano opanda madzi. Komabe, pamalo pamene mtsinje wa Tsirku umakumana ndi mtsinje wa Chilkat, kung’aluka kwa nthaka ndi khwaŵa la madzi oundana zinapanga chigwa chachikulu chakuya kwambiri kuposa mamita 230 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamene mitsinje ya madzi oundanayo inaleka kuyenda, thopelo linatsala, ndipo mitsinje wamba inawonjezera mchenga ndi nsangalabwi kufikira pamene chigwacho chinadzazidwa ndi zokokoloka zoposa mamita 230 kuchindikala kufikira pamwamba pake.

Nkhaniyo imasonyeza kuti mkati mwa nyengo yotentha ya ngululu, yachilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa paphukuto, madzi ochokera m’chipale ndi madzi oundana omasungunuka amaloŵa pamalo otambalala kutsogolo ameneŵa. Pamalopo pamaloŵa madzi othamanga kwambiri kuposa amene amatulukapo, zimenezi zikumapanga dziŵe lalikulu la madzi. Chikalata cha kutetezeredwa kwa ziombankhangacho chikupitiriza kuti: “Pamene nyengo yozizira ifika, kuzizira kumayamba ndipo madzi ozingapo amaundana. Komabe, madzi okhala m’dziŵe limeneli amangokhala pa madigiri asanu kukafika pa 10 digiri Celsius kuposa temperecha ya madzi ozingapo. Madzi otentherapo ameneŵa ‘amaloŵa’ mu mtsinje wa Chilkat kuuchititsa kukhala wa madzi osaundana.

“Mitundu isanu ya chambo imaswana mu mtsinjewu ndi mitsinje ina yapafupi ndi timifuleni. Chambocho chimaswana kuyambira m’chilimwe ndi kupitiriza kufika kumapeto kwa ngululu kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Chambocho chimafa chitaswa ana ndipo nyama yake ndiyo chakudya chochuluka cha ziombankhanga.”

Phwandolo la kudya chambo limayamba mu October ndipo limatha mu February, ndiyeno posakhalitsa ziombankhangazo mu unyinji wawo zimayamba kumwazikana kumka kumadera ozungulira adzikolo. Komabe, malo otetezerako ziombankhangawo amakhala kwawo kwa ziombankhanga zokwanira pakati pa 200 ndi 400. Ndiponso pa nsomba iliyonse imene zimagwira, zimawonjezera chakudya chawocho ndi kugwira mbalame zina za m’madzi, nyama zazing’ono zoyamwitsa, ndi nyama zina zoola.

Kutomerana Kokondweretsa, “Maukwati” Okhalitsa

Zimakwatirana kwa moyo wonse—zokhoza kukhala zaka 40—koma kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala pamodzi nthaŵi yofungatira mazira yokha. Kutomerana kumayamba mu April ndipo “kumaphatikizapo zisonyezero zochititsa chidwi za ziombankhanga zothamangitsana pansi ndi m’mwamba zitagwirana miyendo ndi kuphidiguka m’mlengalenga,” malinga ndi mmene chikalatacho Eagles—The Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve chikunenera. Zonsezo kodi ndi kugwirana manjanso? Zikumveka kukhala zokondana koposa!

Zisa 94 zaonedwa m’malo otetezerako ziombankhangawo. Ana ake amatuluka m’mazira kuyambira pa limodzi mpaka pa atatu pakati pa kumapeto kwa May ndi kumayambiriro kwa June, pambuyo pa nyengo ya kufungatira ya masiku 34 kapena 35. Anawo amatuluka m’chisa podzafika September, komano afunikira kukhala okhutira ndi nthenga za madontho ofiirira ndi oyera. Mitu yawo ndi zipsepse zawo sizimakhala zokongola kufikira pamene ali ndi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu!

Chikalatacho chimafotokozanso za nkhondo ya ziombankhanga poyesayesa kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo ndi kulangiza odzaona mmene angaonere ali otetezereka m’malowo:

“Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve ili ndi mahekita 19,000 apadera kaamba ka kutetezera ziombankhanga. Koma ziombankhanga sizinakhale zotetezeredwa nthaŵi zonse; panthaŵi ina zinali mbalame zofunidwa ndi osaka ofuna mphotho. Malinga ndi malipoti onena za nkhuli yaikulu ya ziombankhangazo pa chambo cha moyo ndi nyama zina zazing’ono, Alaska Territorial Legislature mu 1917 inalinganiza zopereka mphotho pa kuphedwa kwa ziombankhanga. Nzika za nthaŵi yaitali za Ft. William H. Seward ku Haines zimasimba nkhani zonena za kuwonjezera malipiro awo ochepa a m’Gulu la Nkhondo ndi $1 (imene inawonjezeredwa pambuyo pake kukhala $2) yolipiridwa kaamba ka miyendo iŵiri iliyonse ya chiombankhanga.

“Zofufuza za pambuyo pake zinasonyeza kuti kutha nsomba za chambo kwa ziombankhanga kunangokulitsidwa ndi pakamwa, ndipo mphothoyo inathetsedwa mu 1953. Panthaŵi imeneyo, ziombankhanga zoposa 128,000 zinali zitaphedwa chifukwa cha mphotho. Chiŵerengero cha ziombankhanga cha ku Southeast Alaska m’ma 1940, pamene mphothoyo inali kuperekedwabe, chinayerekezeredwa kukhala theka chiŵerengero cha ziombankhanga m’ma 1970.

“Pamene Alaska anakhala boma mu 1959, chiombankhanga cha mutu woyera ku Alaska chinayang’aniridwa ndi Bald Eagle Act ya boma ya 1940. Kupha chiombankhanga ndiko kulakwira boma, ndipo munthu akapezeka ndi chiombankhanga chamoyo kapena chakufa kapena chiŵalo chake chilichonse (kuphatikizapo nthenga!), kusiyapo pa mikhalidwe ina yapadera, amakhalanso ndi mlandu.

“Mu 1972 Alaska State Legislature inakhazikitsa Chilkat River Critical Habitat Area, yoyang’aniridwa ndi Alaska Department of Fish and Game, kuti ionetsetse za kutetezeredwa kwa malo aakulu a ziombankhanga. Madera aakulu a malo okhala ziombankhanga anali osatetezeredwa, ndipo kulimbana kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi kovuta kunachitika pakati pa osungitsa chilengedwe ndi okonda kubweretsa chitukuko pa nkhani za mmene malowo angagwiritsiridwe ntchito mu chigwa cha Chilkat. Pambuyo pa kufufuza kwakukulu kochitidwa ndi National Audubon Society ndi Haines/Klukwan Resource Study yochirikizidwa ndi boma, odula mitengo, asodzi, osungitsa chilengedwe, anthu amalonda ndi andale akumaloko potsirizira pake anagwirizana. Mu 1982 nyumba ya malamulo inapanga mfundo imeneyo kukhala lamulo ikumapatula padera mahekita 19,000 a Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve.

“Palibe munthu amene amaloledwa kudula mitengo kapena kukumba migodi mu Preserve imeneyo, koma anthu akumaloko angathe kupitiriza kutchera nthudza, kusodza ndi uzimba. Preserve imeneyi imayang’aniridwa ndi Alaska Division of Parks mothandizidwa ndi bungwe la alangizi 12 lopangidwa ndi nzika za malowo, akuluakulu a boma, ndi katswiri wa zamoyo.

“Pakali chikayikiro cha mmene zinthu zachilengedwe za m’chigwachi zingagwiritsiridwire ntchito bwino popanda kuwononga maloŵa, ndipo nkhani ya malo ingabutsebe mkangano m’chigwa cha m’Chilkat. Koma nzika za malowo zimanyadira kuti chothetsera vuto cha kumaloko chinapezeka kaamba ka kutetezeredwa kwa ziombankhanga.”

Dera lalikulu kumene alendo angaonere ziombankhanga lili m’mbali mwa Haines Highway, imene imayendera pamodzi ndi mtsinje wa Chilkat, ndipo pali madera oonerako okhazikitsidwa kaamba ka chifuno chimenechi.

[Mapu patsamba 15]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Mtsinje wa Chilkat Mtsinje wa Chilkoot

Mtsinje wa Klehini KLUKWAN

Malo Oonerapo Ziombankhanga

(alluvial fan)

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Haines Highway

Mtsinje wa Tsirku ▾ Nyanja ya Chilkoot

Nyanja ya Chilkat ▾

Mtsinje wa Chilkat ▾ Chigwegwe cha Lutak

Mtsinje wa Takhin ▾

HAINES

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mountain High Maps™ copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Ziombankhanga zoyera mutu pamasamba 15-18: Alaska Division of Tourism