Dziko Lopanda Magalimoto?

KODI mungalingalire za dziko lopanda magalimoto? Kapena kodi mungatchule chopangidwa china chimene kwa zaka za zana lapitali chasintha moyo ndi makhalidwe a anthu kwambiri monga galimoto? Popanda galimoto, pakanakhala palibe mamotelo, ma drive-in restaurant, ndi ma drive-in theater. Koposa zonse, popanda mabasi, matakisii, galimoto wamba, kapena malole, kodi ndi motani mmene mungapitire kuntchito? kusukulu? Kodi ndi motani mmene alimi ndi opanga zinthu akanapititsira zinthu zawo kumsika?

“Kampani imodzi mwa asanu ndi imodzi aliwonse ku United States imadalira pa kupanga, kugulitsa, kukonza, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito galimoto,” ikutero The New Encyclopædia Britannica, ndi kuwonjezera kuti: “Zogulitsa ndi zogulidwa za makampani a galimoto zimaimira mbali yoposa imodzi mwa zisanu ya malonda owodetsa ndipo mbali yoposa imodzi mwa zinayi ya malonda ogula m’sitolo. M’maiko ena mbali zimenezi nzazing’onopo, koma Japan ndi maiko a ku Ulaya wa kumadzulo akuyandikira ziŵerengero za United States mofulumira.”

Komabe, anthu ena amanena kuti dziko lopanda magalimoto lingakhale malo abwinopo. Iwo amanena zimenezi kwenikweni chifukwa cha zifukwa ziŵiri.

Kudzazana kwa Galimoto kwa Padziko Lonse

Ngati munazungulirapo mosalekeza kufunafuna malo oimikapo galimoto, simufunikira wina kukuuzani kuti ngakhale kuti galimoto nzabwino, kukhala ndi zambiri pamalo opanikizana sikwabwino. Kapena ngati munagwidwapo mumpanipani waukulu wa galimoto, mumadziŵa mmene zimapsetsera mtima kumangika m’galimoto limene linapangidwa kuti liziyenda koma limene lakakamizidwa kuima pamalo amodzi.

Mu 1950, United States anali yekha wokhala ndi galimoto limodzi pa anthu anayi alionse. Podzafika 1974, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, ndi Sweden anali atafika pamlingo umodzimodziwo. Koma panthaŵiyo chiŵerengero cha United States chinali chitakwera kufika pafupifupi pa galimoto limodzi pa anthu aŵiri alionse. Tsopano Germany ndi Luxembourg ali pafupifupi ndi galimoto limodzi pa anthu aŵiri alionse a m’dzikomo. Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, ndi the Netherlands saali kutali kwambiri.

Mizinda yaikulu yambiri—mosasamala kanthu za kulikonse kumene ili—ikukhala ngati poimika galimoto papakulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku India panthaŵi ya kulandira ufulu mu 1947, New Delhi, likulu lake, linali ndi magalimoto ndi malole 11,000. Podzafika 1993 chiŵerengerocho chinapyola pa 2,200,000! Kuwonjezereka kwakukulukuludi—koma ndicho “chiŵerengero choyembekezeredwa kuŵirikiza kaŵiri podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino,” malinga ndi magazini a Time.

Zikali choncho, ku Eastern Europe, wokhala ndi munthu mmodzi mwa anayi aliwonse okhala ndi galimoto poyerekezera ndi Western Europe, kuli amene angakwanitse kugula galimoto okwanira 400 miliyoni. M’zaka zochepa, mkhalidwewo mu China, amene ali wodziŵika kufikira lero chifukwa cha njinga zake 400 miliyoni, udzakhala utasintha. Monga momwe kunasimbidwira mu 1994, “boma likupanga makonzedwe a kuwonjezera kupanga galimoto mofulumira,” kuchoka pa kupanga galimoto 1.3 miliyoni pachaka kufika pa 3 miliyoni pakutha kwa zaka za zana lino.

Chiwopsezo cha Kuipitsa

“Mpweya wabwino watha m’Britain,” inatero The Daily Telegraph ya October 28, 1994. Mwinamwake anakukumaza zimenezi komabe zilidi zoona kwakuti nkudetsa nkhaŵa. Profesa Stuart Penkett wa University of East Anglia, anachenjeza kuti: “Galimoto zikusintha msanganizo wonse wa mlengalenga wathu wachibadwa.”

Kuipitsa kwa carbon monoxide wambiri, likutero buku lakuti 5000 Days to Save the Planet, “kumachepetsa oxygen m’thupi, kumasokoneza kuzindikira zinthu ndi kuganiza, kumawononga tcheru la munthu ndipo kumachititsa kuwodzera.” Ndipo World Health Organization [Bungwe Loona Zathanzi Lapadziko Lonse] ikunena kuti: “Pafupifupi theka la okhala m’mizinda onse ku Ulaya ndi North America amakhala pamene pali carbon monoxide wochuluka mopambanitsa.”

Kwayerekezeredwa kuti m’malo ena zotulutsidwa ndi galimoto zimapha anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse—kuwonjezera pa kuwononga malo okhala kowonongetsa madola mabiliyoni ambiri. Mu July 1995 nyuzi ya pawailesi ya kanema inanena kuti anthu a ku Britain pafupifupi 11,000 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuipitsa mpweya kochititsidwa ndi galimoto.

Mu 1995 United Nations Climate Conference [Msonkhano wa za Mkhalidwe Wakunja] unachitidwa ku Berlin. Oimira maiko 116 anavomerezana kuti chinachake chinayenera kuchitidwa. Koma ambiri anagwiritsidwa mwala pamene ntchito yoyalirapo maziko ake ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo enieni kapena ya kupanga maprogramu enieni anati adzaichita mtsogolo.

Polingalira za zimene buku la 5000 Days to Save the Planet linanena kumbuyoku mu 1990, kusoŵeka kwa kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunayenera kuyembekezeredwa: “Mkhalidwe wa mphamvu za ndale ndi zachuma m’chitaganya cha maindasitale chamakono,” linatero, “ndiwo umagamula kuti njira zothetsera kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala zili zolandirika kokha ngati sizikudodometsa zochitika za zachuma.”

Motero, posachedwapa Time inachenjeza za “kuthekera kwakuti kuwonjezereka kwa carbon dioxide ndi kwa mpweya wina wochititsa mkhalidwe wa greenhouse m’mphepo kudzachititsa dziko lapansi kukhala lofunda mkupita kwanthaŵi. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, chotulukapo chake chidzakhala chirala, kusungunuka kwa chipale, kudzaza kwa madzi m’nyanja, kusefukira kwa m’magombe, anamondwe amphamvu kwambiri ndi masoka ena a mkhalidwe wakunja wa mphepo.”

Ukulu wa vuto la kuipitsa ukufuna kuti chinachake chichitidwe. Koma kodi chiyani?