Chakudya cha Onse Kodi ndi Loto Chabe?
YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU ITALY
“MWAMUNA, mkazi ndi mwana aliyense sayenera kukhala ndi njala kapena kudwala matenda anjala” analengeza choncho pamsonkhano wa World Food Conference womwe linakonza ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nthambi ya United Nations, kumbuyoko mu 1974. Pempho linaperekedwa panthaŵiyo lakuti njala ithetsedwe padziko lapansi “pazaka khumi.”
Komabe, pamene nthumwi za maiko 173 zinakumana kumalikulu a FAO ku Rome kumapeto kwa chaka chathachi pamsonkhano wa masiku asanu wa World Food Summit, cholinga chawo chinali kufunsana kuti: “Kodi chalepheretsa kuti njala ithe nchiyani?” Sikuti zangolephereka kupezera chakudya anthu onse chabe, koma tsopano, pambuyo pa zaka makumi aŵiri, zinthu zaipiraipira.
Pafunika kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pa za chakudya, kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndi umphaŵi. Malinga nchikalata chomwe chinatulutsidwa pamsonkhanowo, pokhapokha mavuto ameneŵa atathetsedwa, “mtendere udzasokonezeka m’maiko ndi m’zigawo zambiri, mwina ngakhale mtendere wa dziko lonse.” Munthu wina wodziŵa za nkhaniyo anati: “Tidzaona kusakazika kwa chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m’maiko.”
Malinga nkunena kwa Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa FAO Jacques Diouf, “lerolino anthu oposa 800 miliyoni alibe chakudya chokwanira; pakati pawo pali ana 200 miliyoni.” Akuti podzafika m’chaka cha 2025, chiŵerengero cha anthu chomwe chilipo lero cha 5,800,000,000 mwina chidzafika pa 8,300,000,000 makamaka chidzakwera m’maiko omatukuka kumene. Diouf akudandaula kuti: “Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha azibambo, azimayi ndi ana amene akumanidwa ufulu wosayenera kuwalanda wokhala ndi moyo ndi ulemu nchachikulu kwambiri. Madandaulo a anthu anjala akuchitikira pamodzi ndi madandaulo achinsinsi a nthaka yokokoloka, kupululutsa nkhalango, ndiponso nsomba zikutha m’madera ambiri osodzako.”
Chingathandize nchiyani? Diouf akunena kuti njira yothetsera ndi “kuchitapo kanthu molimba mtima,” kupeza “chakudya chokwanira onse” m’maiko momwe muli njala komanso kuwaphunzitsa ntchito, kuyambitsa chitukuko, ndi maluso, zomwe zidzawathandiza kumadzidalira okha pa chakudya.
“Chakudya Chokwanira Onse”—Nchifukwa Ninji Chimavuta kupeza?
Malinga nchikalata chomwe chinalembedwa pamsonkhanopo, “chakudya chokwanira onse chimakhalapo ngati anthu onse, nthaŵi zonse, amakhala nachodi chakudya chokwana, chabwino ndi chomanga thupi chomwe angamadye ndipo ndi ndalama zochigulira ndiponso zakudya zamitundumitundu zomwe angamasankhe zoyenera pa moyo wamphamvu ndi wathanzi.”
Zakuti chakudya sichingakwanire anthu onse zaonekera m’misasa ya othaŵa kwawo ya ku Zaire. Pamene anthu okwana miliyoni imodzi othaŵa kwawo a ku Rwanda amavutika ndi njala, a United Nations anali nchakudya chokwana kuwadyetsa. Koma kuti chitumizidwe ndi kugaŵidwa pamafunikira kupeza kaye chilolezo kwa azandale ndiponso kugwirizana ndi eni nthaka—kapena kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu a zankhondo ngati malowo anali m’manja mwawo. Zogwa mwadzidzidzi za ku Zairezi zimasonyezanso mmene kulili kovuta kuti maiko osiyanasiyana adyetse anjala, ngakhale chakudyacho chilipo. Wina wodziŵa za nkhaniyi anati: “Chithandizo chisanayambe kuperekedwa, mabungwe osiyanasiyana amayenera kufunsidwa ndi kuchondereredwa kaye.”
Momwe chinasonyezera chikalata cha Unduna wa Zamalimidwe wa ku United States, kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira onse kungalephereke pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kusiyapo masoka achilengedwe, pali nkhondo ndi kulimbana kwa pachiŵeniŵeni, malamulo oipa m’dziko, kusafufuza zinthu mokwana ndi kupanda maluso, kuwononga malo, umphaŵi, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kusafanana kwa ufulu pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, ndiponso thanzi loipa.
Pakhalabe zina zimene akwaniritsa. Kuyambira m’ma 1970, nyonga imene munthu amapeza m’chakudya yosonyeza zimene amadya, yakwera kuchokera pa ma calorie 2,140 kufika pa 2,520 munthu mmodzi patsiku m’maiko omatukuka kumene. Koma malinga ndi a FAO, popeza akuyembekezera kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chikwera kufika mabiliyoni ambiri podzafika m’chaka cha 2030, “kuti padzakhale chakudya monga momwe chilili leromu, pafunika kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti tiwonjezere zokolola ndi 75 peresenti koma osawononga chilengedwe chomwe tonsefe timadalira.” Motero zoti ntchito yopatsa anjala chakudya idzatheka nzokayikitsa.
‘Tifunika Kuchitapo Kanthu, Osati Misonkhano Ina’
Pamsonkhano wa World Food Summit, nthumwi zinapereka mfundo zambiri zotsutsa makambitsiranowo ndi zigamulo zake. Nthumwi ina ya ku Latin-America inanena kuti lonjezo lochepetsa chiŵerengero cha anjala kufikitsa patheka la mmene chilili lero “nlosatheka” ndipo “nlochititsa manyazi.” Maiko 15 anatanthauzira mfundo zomwe anavomerezana pamsonkhanowo mosiyana ndi anzawo. Kuti chabe agwirizane ndi kukonza chikalata cha zogamula zawo ndi zimene adzachita, inatero nyuzipepala ya ku Italy ya La Repubblica, anatenga ‘zaka ziŵiri akutsutsana ndi kukambitsirana. Anapenda liwu lililonse, ndi comma [mpatuliro] aliyense, kuopera kuti pasabukenso mavuto ena.’
Ambiri mwa amene anathandiza kulemba zikalata za nkhani za msonkhanowo sanakondwe ndi zotsatira zake. “Tikukayika kwambiri ngati mfundo zabwino zimene zalengezedwazi zidzatheka,” anatero wina. Panavuta nkhani mpakuti kaya kupezeka kwa chakudya kukhale “choyenera munthu chomwe maiko ambiri amazindikira,” popeza “choyenera” mukhoza kuchitetezera m’khoti. Munthu wina wa ku Canada anati: “Maiko olemera anaopa kuti angadzakakamizidwe kupereka chithandizo. Ichi ndicho chifukwa chake analimbikira kuti pafunikira kuchepetsako mfundo pa chikalata cha zigamulo zawo.”
Chifukwa cha misonkhano imeneyi yosatha yokonzedwa ndi United Nations, nduna ina ya ku Ulaya inati: “Popeza pamsonkhano wa ku Cairo tinakambitsirana kwambiri [za chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi chitukuko, mu 1994], tapeza kuti pamsonkhano uliwonse wotsatira timayambanso kukambitsirana zomwe zija.” Ndipo analangiza kuti: “Kugwiritsira ntchito mapulani othandiza anthu anzathu ndiye kuyenera kukhala mfundo zoyamba pa ndandanda yathu, osati misonkhano inanso.”
Ena odziŵa za nkhaniyo ananenapo kuti, ngakhale kupita kumsonkhanowo chabe kunali kotayitsa ndalama zochuluka kwa maiko ena omwe amazipeza movutikira. Dziko lina laling’ono la m’Afirika linatumiza nthumwi 14 ndi nduna ziŵiri, ndipo onsewo anakhala mu Rome koposa milungu iŵiri. Nyuzipepala ya ku Italy, Corriere della Sera, inanena kuti mkazi wa pulezidenti wina wa m’Afirika, yemwe dziko lake pa avareji munthu amapeza ndalama zosaposa $3,300 pachaka, anali kugula katundu m’masitolo apamwamba kwambiri mu Rome kumene anawononga $23,000.
Kodi pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti Mapulani Ochitira Zinthu omwe anakakambitsirana pamsonkhanopo adzatheka? Mtolankhani wina akuyankha: “Zomwe tingayembekezere tsopano nzakuti maboma achitepo kanthu mwamphamvu pa mapulani ameneŵa kuti aonetsetse kuti zomwe anavomerezana zachitikadi. Koma kodi adzaterodi? . . . Mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti palibe chodalirira zimenezo.” Mtolankhani yemweyo anasonyanso mfundo yogwetsa ulesi yakuti ngakhale kuti anagwirizana pamsonkhano wa Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit mu 1992 kuti asonkhe ndalama zoti athandizire chitukuko, kuwonjezera katundu wopangidwa m’maiko mwawo ndi 0.7 peresenti, “ndi maiko oŵerengeka chabe omwe anasonkha ndalama ngakhale kuti sanachite kuwapimira mtengo.”
Ndani Adzadyetsa Anjala?
Mbiri yakale imasonyeza bwino kuti mosasamala kanthu za zolinga zabwino za anthu, “njira ya munthu sili mwa iye mwini; sikuli kwa munthu woyenda kulongosola mapazi ake.” (Yeremiya 10:23) Motero nzoonekeratu kuti anthu paokha sadzapezera chakudya anthu onse. Umbombo, kusatha kulinganiza zinthu bwino, ndiponso kudzikonda zaika anthu pangozi. Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa FAO, Diouf ananena kuti: “Zonse titazipenda bwino, tipeza kuti chofunika ndi kusintha mitima, nzeru ndiponso zolinga.”
Ndi Ufumu wa Mulungu wokha umene ungathe kuchita zimenezo. Kunena zoona, zaka mazana ambiri kumbuyoko, Yehova analosera ponena za anthu ake kuti: “Ndidzaika chilamulo changa mkati mwawo, ndipo m’mtima mwawo ndidzachilemba; ndipo ndidzakhala Mulungu wawo, nadzakhala iwo anthu anga.”—Yeremiya 31:33.
Pamene Yehova Mulungu anawakonzera munda anthu woti azikhalamo, anawapatsa monga chakudya “therere lonse lonse lakubala mbewu lili padziko lapansi, ndi mitengo yonse mmene muli chipatso cha mtengo wakubala mbewu.” (Genesis 1:29) Chinali chakudya chambiri, chopatsa thanzi, ndipo chosavuta kupeza. Chinali chakudya chimene mtundu wonse wa anthu unafuna kuti uthetse vuto la njala.
Chifuno cha Mulungu sichinasinthe. (Yesaya 55:10, 11) Kale kumbuyoko anatsimikizira kuti iye yekha adzakwaniritsa zosoŵa zonse za mtundu wa anthu mwa Ufumu wa Kristu, kupereka chakudya kwa onse, kuthetsa umphaŵi, kuthetsa masoka achilengedwe, ndiponso kuthetsa mikangano. (Salmo 46:8, 9; Yesaya 11:9; yerekezerani ndi Marko 4:37-41; 6:37-44.) Panthaŵi imeneyo ‘dziko lapansi lidzapereka zipatso zake: Mulungu, Mulungu wathu adzatidalitsa.’ “M’dzikomo mudzakhala dzinthu dzochuluka pamwamba pa mapiri.”—Salmo 67:6; 72:16.
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 12]
Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress