Kufunafuna Paradaiso Wopanda Mavuto

“CHOMWE tikufuna kuchita ndicho kuyambitsa kakhalidwe kaufulu ndipo mwina kachikale pamene anthu amasamalirana wina ndi mzake,” linatero banja lina lachibritishi. Analingalira zofunafuna paradaiso wa pachisumbu cha kudera lotentha ndi kukhazikitsa mudzi umene anthu ake angakhalire pamodzi mumtendere. Mosakayika mukhoza kumvetsetsa malingaliro awo. Ndani yemwe sangavomere mwachangu atapatsidwa mwaŵi wokhala m’paradaiso wopanda mavuto?

Kodi Kudzipatula Ndiko Yankho?

Ganizo lokhala pa chisumbu limagwira mtima anthu ambiri ofuna paradaiso, chifukwa kudzipatula kumawapatsa chitetezo pamlingo wina. Ena amasankha zisumbu zapafupi ndi gombe la Pacific ku Panama kapena zisumbu za ku Caribbean, zonga zija zapafupi ndi Belize. Ena amasirira malo okongola a mu Indian Ocean—mwachitsanzo, Seychelles.

Zinthu zofunika pokhazikitsa mudzi wapaokha nzosatheka. Ngakhale ngati ndalama zokwanira zilipo, malamulo a boma lomwe lilipo akhoza kulepheretsa munthu kugula malo msanga. Komabe ngati chilumba cha kudera lotentha chitapezeka, kodi mukanasangalala kukhala pamenepo? Kodi paradaiso wanuyo akanakhala wopanda mavuto?

Chiŵerengero tsopano cha okhala pazisumbu zapafupi ndi gombe la nyanja ku Britain chikukula. Odzakhalako atsopanowo ndi anthu amene makamaka amafuna kukhala kwaokha ndiponso mu mtendere. Mwamuna wina yemwe amakhala yekha pachilumba cha mahekitala 100 cha Eorsa, kufupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Scotland, amati samasungulumwa chifukwa ali ndi zambiri zochita kusamalira nkhosa zake zana. Ena amene adzipatula kukakhala pachilumba amasungulumwa mwamsanga. Kwamveka kuti ena afuna kudzipha ndipo achita kuwapulumutsa.

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kachilumba kokongola ka kudera lotentha kakhoza kukhala paradaiso. Kukhala m’malo abata amene nyengo zake zimaipa apa ndi apo. Koma podera nkhaŵa zakuti dziko likumka nilitentha ndipo zotsatira zake nkukhala kusefukira kwa madzi zaopsa anthu ambiri okhala m’zilumba. Okhala pazisumbu zotsika zimene zimapanga dera la Tokelau ku Western Pacific kuphatikizapo okhala ku zisumbu zomwazikana za Maldives mu Indian Ocean, zisumbu zimene siziposa mamita ngati aŵiri kuchoka pamlingo wa m’nyanja madzi atasefukira, nawonso amaona kuti ali pangozi.

Maboma osiyanasiyana oposa 40 agwirizana kupanga chitaganya cha Small Island Developing States kuyesa kupempha thandizo kaamba ka mavuto awo. Ngakhale kuti okhala m’zilumba zing’onozing’ono nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wotalikirapo ndiponso imfa za makanda awo nzochepa, akupitirizabe kukumana ndi mavuto oopsa a kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Mafuta otayikira ndi kuda kwa madzi a m’nyanja zimawononga chuma cha zilumba zina. Zina zakhala malo otayira zinyalala zapoizoni zomwe maiko akuluakulu amafuna kutaya.

Ngakhale kusiririka kwake kwa zilumbazo monga malo abwino kwa ofunafuna paradaiso nakonso kuli ndi ngozi yake. Motani? Alendo odzacheza amene amabwera kumagombe ake owombedwa dzuŵa bwino amapangitsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu ndiponso kutha msanga kwa zinthu zochepa zimene ziliko. Alendo ameneŵa amawonjezeranso vuto lakuipitsa malo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Caribbean, ndi chimodzi chokha mwa zigawo khumi za zam’suweji zimene alendo oposa mamiliyoni 20 amasiya chaka ndi chaka zomwe zimatayidwa molongosoka.

Zotere zimachitikanso m’malo ena achilendo. Lingalirani zochitika ku Goa kugombe la kumadzulo kwa India. “Kuchuluka kwa alendo ‘kukuwonongetsa paradaiso,’” inatero nyuzipepala ya Independent on Sunday ya ku London. Ziŵerengero zotulutsidwa zikusonyeza kuti alendo anawonjezeka kuchokera pa 10,000 mu 1972 mpaka kupitirira miliyoni imodzi kumayambiriro a zaka za m’ma 1990. Gulu lina likuchenjeza kuti zinthu zachilengedwe za ku Goa ndi chikhalidwe chake zili pangozi chifukwa cha eni mahotela aumbombo omwe ali okonzeka kupezerapo ndalama pa kubwera kwa alendo. Boma la India linapereka lipoti lotsimikiza kuti mahotela ena amangidwa kosaloleka ndi lamulo. Mchenga wakokololedwa, mitengo kugwetsedwa, ndipo mitandadza ya miyulu ya mchenga yasalazidwa. Zam’suwegi amangozitayira pamagombe kapena zimangoyenderera m’minda ya mpunga yapafupi, kumamka zikuipitsa.

Kopanda Chiwawa?

Kufalikira kwa chiwawa kukuipitsa mbiri ya madera ngakhale omwe ali ndi mtendere wambiri. Kuchokera ku kachilumba kakang’ono ka m’Caribbean ka Barbuda kwadza lipoti lokhala ndi mutu wakuti “Kupha m’Paradaiso.” Lipotili limanena za kuphedwa mwankhanza kwa anthu anayi omwe anali m’ngalawa yokongola yomwe inaima chapataliko pang’ono ndi gombe la chilumbacho. Zochitika ngati zimenezi zimakuza nkhaŵa ponena za kufalikira kwa upandu m’dera lonselo.

“Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Ayambitsa Nkhondo za Timagulu Taupandu ‘m’Paradaiso’” unali mutu wa nkhani mu The Sunday Times ya ku London ponena za dziko lina la ku Central America. Mkonzi wina komweko anadandaula kuti mtendere watha, akumati: “Tsopano sichachilendo kudzuka m’mawa ndi kupeza mwana wazaka 16 ali gone mwazi uli ponseponse pamsewu.”

Awo amene amafuna kukhala ndi ena m’paradaiso amalingalira zopempha anthu omwe angalole kumakhala mwamtendere. Koma chimene chimachitika kwenikweni nchiyani? Mwamsanga banja lachibritishi lotchulidwa poyamba paja linayamba kusamvana ndi ena. Ena mwa amene anafunsira kuchita nawo zimenezo mwachionekere anali kungofuna kupangapo ndalama. “Sitifuna atsogoleri,” anatero mwamuna woyambitsayo. “Cholinga chathu ndi kusonkhanitsa chuma chathu kuti zolinga zathu zichitike. Umenewu ndiutcha mudzi wa Utopia.” Ndithudi aka sikoyamba kuti zotere zichitike.—Onani bokosi lakuti “Kuyesa kukhazikitsa Mudzi wa Paradaiso.”

Ena mwa ofuna paradaiso amalingalira kuti adzampeza mwa kupambana lotale. Koma zimachitika mwakamodzikamodzi kuti chuma chopeza mwa njira imeneyi nkubweretsa mtendere. Mu February 1995, The Sunday Times inasimba kuti m’banja la ku Britain limene linapambana kwambiri lotale muli mikangano yoopsa; zimene kupambana kunawabweretsera ndizo “chidani, ndewu ndi chisoni” basi. Izi sizachilendo m’nzochitika ngati zimenezi.

Pofufuza za kufuna Utopia kwa munthu, mtolankhani Bernard Levin akukambapo za “kufuna kulemera mwamsanga,” ndipo akuti: “Monga alili maloto ambiri, zolinga zimenezi zimakhalanso zokhumudwitsa. Pali nkhani zambiri zotsimikizika zonena za olemera mwamsanga omwe amangothera m’mavuto (kuphatikizapo kudzipha) moti sitingati zimangochitika.”

Bwanji za Timagulu Tampatuko Tonena za Tsiku la Chiweruzo?

Njira zina zopezera paradaiso zakhala ndi zolinga zoipa kwambiri. Ponena za malo a a Branch Davidians omwe anawonongedwa ndi apolisi a boma ku Waco, Texas, kumbuyoko mu 1993, nyuzipepala ina inafotokoza za “mkhalidwe woipa wokhala ndi mfuti, ziphunzitso zosokoneza maganizo ndi mneneri wolalikira tsiku la chiweruzo” ndizo zinadzetsa tsokalo. Mwachisoni, si zokhazi zimene zachitika.

Otsatira malemu Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, mtsogoleri wazauzimu wa ku India, anakhazikitsa mudzi ku Oregon, koma iwo anakhumudwitsa oyandikana nawo. Kulemera kwa mtsogoleri wawo ndiponso kuyesa kwawo njira zatsopano zogonanirana komwe anali kuchita kunaluluza zonena zawo zakuti akhazikitsa “malo ampumulo okongola.”

Magulu ampatuko ambiri otsogozedwa ndi anthu omwe zolinga zawo ndi kukhazikitsa paradaiso amalamula owatsatira kuti azichita zinthu zachilendo, zimene nthaŵi zina zimathera m’chiwawa. Wolemba nkhani m’nyuzipepala Ian Brodie akulongosola kuti: “Magulu ampatuko ndiwo pobisala ndiponso ali ngati mudzi wolinganizidwa kwa aja amene amaganiza kuti ali okhaokha kapena amene sangathe kulimbana ndi zovuta za m’dziko.” Komabe, mawu ake amapereka umboni wakuti anthu ambiri akhoza kuvomereza kumakhala m’paradaiso.

Paradaiso Wopanda Mavuto

Ndandanda yamavuto ioneka kuti ndi yaitali: kuipitsa, upandu, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kulimbana kwa mitundu, chisokonezo m’zandale—kuwonjezera pa mavuto ofala kwa anthu onse, matenda ndi imfa. Zimene tinganene nzakuti kulibe padziko lapansi kumene kuli paradaiso yemwe alibiretu mavuto. Monga momwe Bernard Levin akunenera: “Mbiri ya munthu ili ndi mbali yake yamanyazi, ndipo kukuoneka kuti mbaliyo yakhalapo m’mbiri yonse ya munthu. Ndiyo kulephera kwa anthu kukhalira pamodzi ndi anthu ena ambiri moyandikana ndi mwachimwemwe.”

Komabe, padzakhala paradaiso padziko lonse lapansi amene adzakhala wopanda mavuto. Kukhalapo kwake kumadalira mphamvu zoposa za umunthu. Ndithudi, anthu oposa mamiliyoni asanu panthaŵi ino akuyesetsa kuti akakhalemo, ndipo pakati pawo pali umodzi ndi mavuto ochepa ndithu. Kodi mungawapeze kuti? Kodi mungachipeze motani chiyembekezo ndi mapindu amene iwo akusangala nawo tsopano? Ndipo kodi Paradaiso akudzayo adzakhala kwautali wotani?

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Kuyesa Kukhazikitsa Mudzi wa Paradaiso

Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19, Étienne Cabet (1788-1856) wasosholisti wa ku France pamodzi ndi anzake 280 anamanga mudzi ku Nauvoo, Illinois, kutsata zolinga zake. Koma pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu munakhala magaŵano m’mudziwo ndipo posakhalitsa unapasuka, monga momwe anachitira magulu enanso ku Iowa ndi California.

Munthu winanso wa ku France, Charles Fourier (1772-1837), analingalira zokhazikitsa mudzi wokhala ndi kalabu la achikumbe ndi mamembala ake omasinthana maudindo awo. Aliyense ankayenera kulandira ndalama mogwirizana ndi mmene lapindulira gulu lonselo. Koma midzi ya mtundu umenewu ku France ndi ku United States komwe siinakhalitse.

Chapanthaŵi imodzimodziyo, wolimbikitsa kusintha zinthu Robert Owen wa ku Wales (1771-1858) anayambitsa ganizo lakuti midzi izikhalira pamodzi pamene anthu mazana azikhalira pamodzi ndi khichini imodzi ndi chipinda chodyera. Banja lililonse palokha linali kumakhala m’chipinda chawo ndi kusamalira ana awo kufikira atakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake, linali kusamaliridwa ndi anthu onse. Komabe, zoyesayesa za Owen zinalephera, ndipo anataya chuma chake chonse.

John Noyes (1811-1886) anakhazikitsa midzi yomwe The New Encyclopædia Britannica imatcha “midzi yotukuka yachisangalalo imene zinthu zonse nza aliyense ku United States.” Pamene otsatira ake analeka kukhala ndi mkazi mmodzi nalola anthu kumagonana ndi aliyense malinga atangomvana naye, Noyes anamgwira pamlandu wachigololo.

Laissez Faire City, mtundu wa “Utopia yachikapitolizimu” ku Central America, ili chitsanzo chaposachedwa choyesa kupanga mudzi wa Utopia, ikutero The Sunday Times ya ku London. Ntchitoyo inayambidwa, ndiye ena anaikapo ndalama zawo. Atakopeka ndi lingaliro lokhala “m’mzinda wozizwitsa wa m’zaka za zana la 21,” ofuna paradaiso anapemphedwa kutumiza $5,000 ndi kugwirizana nawo pamalonda, akumafunafuna anthu okhala ndi malingaliro ofananawo amene nawonso adzaikapo ndalama zawo. Zikumveka kuti ntchito yokha yomwe ndalamazo zimachita ndiyo kugulira tikiti ya ndege yopitira kukaona malowo “ngati dzikolo angalinyengerere kuwapatsa malo omangapo, ndi kumangapo hotela yaing’ono,” inatero nyuzipepalayo. Palibe chiyembekezo chodalirika chakuti “paradaiso” akhoza kukhazikitsidwa kumeneko.

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Chisumbu chimasangalatsa anthu ambiri ofunafuna paradaiso. Koma lerolino upandu umawononga ngakhale malo amtendere ndithu