Kuduka Chiŵalo—Kodi Nanu Zingakuchitikireni?
Benjamin anali kuseŵera panja, dzuŵa litawala ndi kufunditsa bwino mzinda wonse wa Sarajevo, kenako, anaponda bomba lokwiriridwa pansi. Bombalo linakhadzula mwendo wake wamanzere. Benjamin pokumbukira zimenezo, anati: “Ndinayesa kuimirira, koma ndinalephera.” Pano tangotchulapo za Benjamin basi, koma pachaka chilichonse pamakhala anthu 20,000 amene amaphedwa kapena kupundulidwa ndi mabomba okwiriridwa pansi.
KU Angola, mabomba okwana 15 miliyoni anakwiriridwa paliponse—mwina tinganene kuti mwamuna, mkazi, ndi mwana aliyense m’dziko limenelo ali ndi bomba lakelake n’kutsalapobe ena ambirimbiri. Pano, ku Angola kuli anthu okwana 70,000 amene anaduka ziŵalo. Ku Cambodia anakwirira mabomba mwina pakati pa 8 miliyoni ndi 10 miliyoni, moti padziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Cambodia lili ndi anthu ambiri amene anaduka ziŵalo—mwina mwa anthu 236, mmodzi n’ngwoduka chiŵalo. Ku Bosnia ndi ku Herzegovina, akuti anakwirira mabomba oposa mamiliyoni atatu—mabomba 59 pa square kilomita iliyonse.
Komabe, si kuti ndi m’mayiko momwe muli nkhondo mokha mmene anthu amadukamo ziwalo iyayi. Mwachitsanzo, ku United states kuli anthu pafupifupi 400,000 amene anaduka ziŵalo. Anthu ambiri achikulire pachiŵerengero chimenecho amadulidwa ziŵalo chifukwa cha matenda ena oopsa otchedwa “peripheral vascular disease,” kapena kuti PVD. Limeneli ndi dzina limodzi lotchulira matenda a mitundu ingapo. Buku lina lolongosola tsatanetsatane wa zachipatala, lotchedwa Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, limafotokoza kuti PVD ndi dzina lotanthauza zambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda a m’mitsempha ya manja kapena ya m’mapazi, makamaka matenda aja amene amalepheretsa magazi kuyenda bwino kuchokera kumanja ndi kumapazi kapena kulepheretsa magazi kupita kumanja ndi kumapazi.” PVD imayambika makamaka chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Malingana ndi zimene inalemba magazini ya zaumoyo ya World Health Report 1998, “chiŵerengero cha anthu aakulu odwala matenda a shuga chidzaŵirikiza kuposa kaŵiri padziko lonse, kuchoka pa 143 miliyoni mu 1997 kufika pa 300 miliyoni pomafika chaka cha 2025.”
Ku United States, mwa anthu onse oduka ziŵalo, okwana 20 peresenti mpaka 30 peresenti amavulala pangozi monga yagalimoto, kuvulazidwa ndi makina, ndi ziŵiya zina zoyendera magetsi, ndiponso kuvulazidwa ndi zida zankhondo—kuvulala ndicho chinthu chachiŵiri chimene kwenikweni chimapangitsa anthu kudulidwa ziŵalo. China chimene chingachititse munthu kudulidwa chiŵalo chingakhale chotupa china pachiŵalocho (6 peresenti) kapena kubadwa ali ndi chiŵalo chopunduka (4 peresenti).
Kunena zoona, kungoganiza za kuduka chiŵalo chako chofunika, n’koziziritsa thupi kwambiri. Kodi pali njira ina imene munthu angapeŵere ngozi imeneyo? Ndipo ngati munaduka kale chiŵalo china, kodi mungakhalebe bwanji ndi moyo wosangalatsa? Nkhani zotsatirazi ziyankha mafunso ameneŵa ndi enanso.