Mutu 3

Munthu Anapangidwa Kukhala ndi Moyo

MULUNGU anapanga munthu kuti akhale ndi moyo. Chimene’chi ndicho chimene Baibulo limasonyeza mwa kulongosola kwake makonzedwe amene Mulungu anapangira makolo athu oyamba aumunthu, Adamu ndi Hava. Limatiuza kuti Yehova Mulungu anawaika m’munda wokhalamo wokongola, paradaiso wokhala m’chigawo chochedwa “Edene.” Paradaiso amene’yo anali ndi chiri chonse chofunika kwa iwo kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo. Ponena za amene’yu, Genesi, bukhu loyamba la Baibulo, amati: “Yehova Mulungu anameretsa m’nthaka mitengo yonse yokoma m’maso ndi yabwino kudya; ndipo’nso yonse yokoma m’maso ndi yabwino pakati pa mundapo, ndi mtengo wakudziwitsa zabwino ndi zoipa.”—Genesis 2:9.

Onani kuti munali, osati ‘mtengi wa imfa,’ koma “mtengo wa moyo” m’paradaiso wokongola amene’yu. “Mtengo wa moyo” umene’wo unali monga chitsimikiziro chosasinthika cha moyo wopitirizabe kwa awo oyeneretsedwa kuudya. Panalibe chifukwa chakuti Adamu ndi Hava akhalire ndi mantha a kuthekera kwa kufa. Malinga ngati iwo anapitirizabe kukhala omvera kwa Mlengi wao m’kusadya “mtengo wakudziwitsa zabwino ndi zoipa” woletsedwa’wo moyo wao sukanatha.—Genesis 2:16, 17.

Koma kodi zimene Baibulo limanena ponena za kupangidwa kwa munthu kuti asangalale ndi moyo wopanda mapeto ziri zogwirizana ndi zimene tingaone ponena za moyo? Kodi zeni-zeni sizimasonyeza kuti anthu akhala akufa kwa zaka zikwi zochuluka? Inde, koma kodi munadziwa kuti m’thupi lanu leni-leni’lo muli umboni wosonyeza kuti munayenera kukhala ndi utali wa moyo wotalikirapo koposa m’mene uliri mofala m’nthawi yathu?

Mwa chitsanzo, talingalirani, ubongo wa munthu. Kodi uwo walinganizidwa kaamba ka utali wa moyo wa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu? Mokondweretsa, katswiri wophunzira zamoyo Isaac Asimov, ponena za mphamvu ya ubongo, njira yake yosungira zinthu iri “yokhoza bwino lomwe kusenza katundu ali yense wa kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira amene munthu mosakaikira angaikepo—ndi kuwirikiza’nso kuchuluka kumene’ko koposa nthawi biliyoni imodzi.”

Kodi n’kwanzeru kuti ubongo wa munthu ukhale ndi mphamvu yosunga chidziwitso nthawi mamiliyoni chikwi chimodzi koposa m’mene iye aliri wokhoza kuchigwiritsira ntchito m’kati mwa chimene lero lino chiri utali wa moyo wofala? M’malo mwake, kodi zimene’zi sizimasonyeza kuti munthu anapangidwa kukhala ndi moyo wa nthawi yaitali umene ukafunikiritsa ubongo wokhala ndi mphamvu yosatha ya kukumbukira?

Si zokha’zi konse.

MUNTHU YEKHA ALI NDI LINGALIRO LA UMUYAYA

Nsonga yapadera yoti ionedwe pano ndi yakuti Baibulo limaika kokha pamaso pa munthu—osati pamaso pa ziri zonse za zolengedwa za dziko lapansi—chiyembekezo cha moyo wopanda mapeto. Kunena zoona, limanena kuti ngakhale lingaliro la nthawi yakale kapena yam’tsogolo yopanda mapeto kapena yamuyaya liri lapadera kwa munthu. Wolemba wouziridwa wa buku la Baibulo la Mlaliki anati: “Ndaona bvuto limene Mulungu wapatsa ana a anthu kuti abvutidwe nalo. Chinthu chiri chonse anachikongoletsa pa mphindi yake; ndipo waika zamuyaya m’mitima yao.”—Mlaliki 3:10, 11.

Tsopano, ngati zimene Baibulo limanena ponena za munthu ziri zoona, tiyenera kuona umboni wa zimene’zi. Kodi tikuuona? Kodi munthu ali wosiyana kwambiri ndi zinyama? Kodi munthu yekha amalingalira mwamphamvu ponena za m’tsogolo, kudera namo nkhawa ndi kumugwirira ntchito? Kodi iye amachita ndi imfa m’njira yosiyana ndi zinyama, akumasonyeza kuti iye yekha ali ndi chiyamikiro kaamba ka chimene moyo watanthauza kwa iye m’nthawi yakale ndi zimene ukatanthauza kwa iye m’tsogolo?

Palibe kukana kuti zinthu zamoyo zonse zimakangamira ku moyo. Mwachibadwa zinyama zimene zimadyedwa ndi zinyama zina zimafuna kupulumuka ku zozidya’zo mwa kuthawa kapena kubisala. Zolengedwa zambiri zidzalimbana ndi chimene chimaonekera kukhala maupandu othekera kuti zitetezere ana ao ku imfa. Akalulu adziwika kukhala akumenya mateche mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti aphe ziuli. Mbali ya kumadzulo kwa United States mbawala yaikazi inaonedwa ikutetezera mwachipambano mwana wake kwa nkhandwe, ziboda zake zakuthwa’zo zikumabvulaza zifuzi zake ndi kugulula mano ake. Pamene anali kufuna-funa kuthawa, iyo inam’lumphira pa msana ndi kum’pondereza kufikira kufa.

Kachitidwe kachibadwa kotero’ko ku chiopsyezo cha imfa kamachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m’kusungidwa kwa moyo wa cholengedwa. Koma kodi zimene’zi zikutanthauza kuti zinyama ziri ndi chiyamikiro cha kale ndi m’tsogolo monga momwe aliri munthu?

Monga momwe tikudziwira, munthu angathe kulingalira zakale ndipo angathe kulinganiza za m’tsogolo. M’kati mwa nyumba yake, iye angaganizire kale ku masiku a unyamata wake—mphulupulu zake, zogwiritsa mwala, zolephera, zipambano ndi zisangalalo. Iye angathe kulinganiza zochita za m’tsogolo—kumanga nyumba yatsopano, kugula za m’nyumba, kusankha mtundu wa maphunziro amene iye akafuna kuti ana ake aphunzire, ndi zina zotero. Koma kodi galu, mwa chitsanzo, angasinkhe-sinkhe za ukhanda wake, ana amene anasewera naye pa nthawi imene’yo, kukhala kwake wamkulu mokwanira ndipo kenako kukwerana? M’bukhu lake lakuti Animals Are Quite Different, Hans Bauer akusonyeza chimene kufufuza kwabvumbula kuti:

“Galu nthawi zonse, adzafunikira chopatsa lingaliro cheni-cheni kuti chim’theketse kukumbukira zochitika zakale. Tiyeni tinene kuti, iye angatengedwe pa nthawi ina, kumka naye ku tauni lachilendo kumene iye akukumana ndi chochitika china. Atabwerera kwao lingaliro limene linalandiridwa pa nthawi imene’yo lidzakhala litaiwalika. Koma ngati iye atabwerera ku malo amodzi-modzi’wo iye adzawakumbukira. Kunena zoona ndicho chimodzi cha zodabwitsa ndi maubwino a munthu poyerekezera ndi kaumbidwe ka maganizo ka zinyama kuti zinthu zokhala m’chikumbumtima cha munthu sizimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku koma zakhomerezeka m’kati mwa malingaliro onse.”

Motero, mosafanana ndi munthu, zinyama mofuna sizingaumbe’nso zochitika zakale.

Koma kodi zingalinganiziretu za m’tsogolo? Kodi adugu, chiswe china, agologolo ndi zinyama zina sizimakhundika kapena kubisa zakudya kaamba ka kugwiritsira ntchito m’tsogolo? Kodi kumene’ku sindiko kulinganiziratu za m’tsogolo kuti zisadzasowe m’chisanu? “Ai” akutero wolemba wochulidwa pamwambapo’yo, ndipo iye akupereka maumboni otsatirapo’wa mochirikiza:

“Izo sizimadziwa chimene zikuchita kapena chifukwa chake zikuchichita. Izo zimangochita mogwirizana ndi chibadwa, umboni ukumakhala wakuti ngakhale zinyama zosiyanitsidwa ndi makolo ao pa usinkhu waung’ono kwambiri ndi kusungidwa m’zitangatanga zimayamba ‘kusonkhanitsa’ m’mphakasa. Zinyama zotero’zo sizinadziwe konse mikhalidwe ya chisanu ndipo sizidzakhala zopanda chakudya m’miyezi ikudza’yo. Komabe, ‘zimangosankhanitsa’ kaamba ka chifukwa cha ‘kusonkhanitsa’ chabe.’

Polongosola mwachidule kusiyana kwa munthu ndi zinyama, iye akuti:

“Chifukwa cha chimene’cho chikondwerero cha zinyama chiri kotheratu chija cha nthawi ino mu lingaliro leni-leni kwambiri la liu’lo. Popeza kuti izo zingapatutsidwe mosabvuta ku zinthu zokondweretsa’di kopambana ndi zina zokondweretsa kwambiri mwakanthawi komweko pa nthawi’yo ndi kusabwerera’nso ku zoyamba’zo.”

Ndithudi, pamenepa, munthu yekha ali ndi lingaliro la “zamuyaya,” mphamvu ya kusinkha-sinkha zakale ndi kuyang’ana m’tsogolo ndi kumamulinganiza.

Chiri chifukwa chakuti zinyama zimangokhalira lero lokha kwakuti kwa izo imfa mwachionekere siri tsoka monga momwe iriri kwa anthu. Zinyama zimaonekera kukhala zikuona imfa monga njira yachibadwa ya zochitika.

Tatengani chochitika choonedwa mu Serengeti National Park cholowetsamo mkango waukazi ndi ana ake atatu. Pamene mkango waukazi’wo unachoka, ana’wo anabisala m’nkhalango. Ndiyeno mikango iwiri yamphongo yochokera ku malo ena inatulukira. Itapeza ana obisala’wo, iyo inapha atatu onse’wo. Iyo idya mmodzi, ninyamula wina ndi kusiya wachitatu. Kodi mkango waukazi’wo unachitanji pamene unabwerera ndi kuona mwana mmodzi wotsala wakufa’yo? Uwo sunasonyeze chisoni, mantha, koma unangonunkhiza mtembo wa mwana wakufa wotsala’wo—ndiyeno n’kuudya.

Kuli’nso koyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti zinyama zimene mikango imadya sizimanjenjemera Poona mkango uli cha apo. Pamene mkango wangopeza chakudya chake, misambi ya zinyama mwamsanga imayambira’nso zochita zao zingakhale pa utali wa mapazi zana limodzi kudza makumi awiri ndi mkango wooneka.

MUNTHU AMACHITA NDI IMFA MONGA KANTHU KENA KOSAKHALA KACHIBADWA

Ha, ndi mosiyana chotani nanga m’mene anthu amachitira ndi imfa! Kwa ochuluka kwambiri, imfa ya mkazi, mwamuna kapena mwana iri chokumana nacho chibvutitsa maganizo kopambana cha nthawi yonse ya moyo. Mkhalidwe wonse wa malingaliro a mwamuna umasokonezedwa kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo pa imfa ya munthu amene iye amam’konda kwambiri.

Ngakhale anthu awo amanena kuti ‘imfa iri yachibadwa kwa anthu’ amapeza kukhala kobvuta kulandira lingaliro lakuti imfa ya iwo eni idzatanthauza mapeto a chiri chonse. The Journal of Legal Medicine: imalongosola kuti: “Madokotala a nthenda za maganizo onse amabvomerezana kuti pali kukanidwa kwa imfa kosazindikira, ngakhale pamene ikuonekera kukhala iri pafupi.” Mwa chitsanzo, mnyamata wina wodziwika kukhala wosakhulupirira kukhalako kwa Mulungu, ananena kuphedwa kwake kusanachitike kuti, mwa lingaliro lanzeru, imfa yake ‘sikatanthauza kanthu kosiyana ndi kutha kotheratu kwa moyo umene unakhala waufupi koma wobvutika kwambiri.’ Komano iye ananena kuti kunali kobvuta, ndithudi kosatheka, kwa iye ‘kubvomereza kuti chiri chonse chidzathetsedwa.’

Chikhumbo cha munthu cha kukhala ndi phande m’ntchito yam’tsogolo chiri champhamvu kwambiri kwakuti anthu ambiri alinganiza kuti mitembo yao iumikidwe akadzafa. Mtengo woyambirira wa zimene’zi ungakhale wokwera kwambiri kufika pa $8,500, limodzi ndi $1,000 zoonjezereka zikumaperekedwa chaka chiri chonse kuti mtembo’wo usungidwebe uli wouma. Mitembo yaumikidwa ndi chiyembekezo chakuti asayansi potsirizira pake adzakhala okhoza kuwadzutsa. Ndithudi, pa nthawi ino asayansi sanafike pali ponse ngakhale pafupi ndi kuchita chinthu chotero’cho. Komabe lingaliro leni-leni’lo lakuti chimene’chi chingatheke lakhala lokwanira kosankhezera anthu ena kuchititsa mitembo yao kusungidwa moonongetsa ndalama kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti anthu amapeza kukhala kobvuta kubvomereza imfa kukhala ikuthetsa chinthu chiri kubvomereza imfa kukhala ikuthetsa chinthu chiri chonse, anthu kuli konse ali ndi chikhumbo cha kupitirizabe kukumbukira akufa ndi kuwataya mwa mwambo. Bukhu lochedwa Funeral Customs the World Over likuti:

“Palibe gulu, muli monse m’mene lingakhalire losatsungula ku mbali ina kapena lotsungula ku mbali ina, limene litasiyidwa lokha-lokha ndi moyenererana ndi chuma chake silimataya mitembo ya ziwalo zake ndi mwambo. Cheni-cheni chofala cha kulira maliro kwamwambo chimene’chi chiri chotsimikizirika kwambiri kwakuti kumaonekera kukhala koyenera kunena kuti kumachokera mu mkhalidwe wa anthu. ‘N’kwachibadwa kwachizolowezi ndi koyenea. Kumakhutiritsa zikhumbo zazikulu zofala. Kuchichita kumaonekera kukhala ‘koyenera,’ ndipo kusakuchita, maka-maka kaamba ka awo amene ali ogwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi banja, malingaliro, okhala ndi chokumana nacho kapena zigwirizano zina zofanana ndi zaposachedwapa, kumaonekera kukhala ‘kolakwa,’ kunyalanyaza kosayenera, nkhani yofunikira kupepesa kapena kuchita nayo manyazi.”

Kodi bukhu limene’li limanenanji kuchokera m’mwambo wofala wa maliro? Iro likupitiriza kuti:

“Chotsimikizirika kwambiri ndicho ichi chakuti pa mau ofotokoza munthu osiyana-siyana pangaonjezeredwe ena. Iye ndiye munthu amene amaika akufa ake ndi mwambo.”

Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za zonse’zi, potsirizira pake, pamene mibadwo imadza ndi kupita, akufa amaiwalidwa kotheratu. Ngakhale awo amene anapanga mbiri yapadera m’mbiri zaka mazana ambiri zapita’zo, monga anthu eni-eni, afafanizika m’chikumbukiro cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha amoyo. Chisonkhezero chao pa ena chatha. Mwa chitsanzo, olamulira amphamvu kwambiri a m’nthawi zakale onga ngati Nebukadinezara, Alexander the Great ndi Julius Caesar samayambukira miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku tsopano ngakhale kuli kwakuti anayambukira miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a m’nthawi yao. Cheni-cheni chotsimikizirika chakuti akufa m’kupita kwa nthawi amaiwalika chinabvomerezedwa ndi wolemba wozindikira wa bukhu la Mlaliki kuti: “Zoyamba zija sizikumbukiridwa; ngakhale zomwe zirinkudza’zo, omwe adzakhalabe m’tsogolomo, sadzazikumbukirai.” (Mlaliki 1:11) Cheni-cheni’cho chakuti munthu amayesa chiri chonse chimene angathe kuti akumbukiridwe mosasamala kanthu za kudziwa kwakuti iye potsirizira pake adzaiwalidwa chimasonyeza kuti chikhumbo chake cha kukhalapobe, ngakhale m’chikumbukiro n’chachibadwa.

IMFA YA MUNTHU SIMAONEKERA KUKHALA IKUMVEKA

Polingalira kachitidwe konse ka munthu ku imfa, kuthekera kwake kodabwitsa ponena za chikumbukiro ndi luso la kuphunzira, ndi kuzindikira kwake kwa m’kati kwaumuyaya, kodi si koonekera bwino kuti iye anapangidwa kuti akhale ndi moyo? Pokha pamene tilandira kulongosola kwa Baibulo kwakuti mkhalidwe wakufa wa munthu watsopano lino suli mbali ya chifuno choyambirira cha Mulungu ndi pamene tingamvetsetse zinthu zimene mwina mwake zikanakhala zobvuta kwambiri. Tatengani monga chitsanzo utali wa moyo wa zomera ndi zinyama zina umene umaposa kwambiri uja wa munthu.

Mtengo ungakhale ndi moyo kwa zaka mazana ochuluka; ina, monga ngati sikwoiya ndi mikungudza, kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Si kwachilendo kwa kamba wamkulu kukhala ndi usinkhu wa zaka zoposa 150. Kodi n’chifukwa ninji zimene’zi ziyenera kukhala choncho? Kodi n’chifukwa ninji mitengo yopanda maganizo ndi akamba osalingalira ayenera kuposa munthu wanzeru?

Ndiyeno’nso, kodi imfa ya munthu siri kutayika koopsya? Pamene kuli kwakuti kachigawo ka chidziwitso ndi kudziwa zinthu kwa munthu kangakhale kataperekedwa kwa ana, kwakukulu-kulu zinthu zimene’zi zimatayikira mibadwo yam’tsogolo. Kuti tilongosole mwa fanizo, munthu angakhale wasayansi wapadera, katswiri wopanga mapulani a nyumba kapena katswiri woyimba nyimbo, wopaka utoto kapena wozokota. Iye angakhale ataphunzitsa ena. Koma pa imfa yake palibe ali yense amakhala ndi maluso ndi kudziwa zinthu kwake konse. Iye angakhale’di analinkupanga kanthu kena katsopano atatha kuthetsa mabvuto ambiri. Awo amene akanapindula ndi chidziwitso ndi kudziwa zinthu zimene iye anapeza tsopano adzafunikira kuphunzira mwa kuyesa ndi kulakwa—ndiyeno ntchito yao n’kufupikitsidwa ndi imfa. Popeza kuti chigawo cha chidziwitso chiri chachikulu kwambiri, kodi n’chifukwa ninji munthu ayenera kugwira ntchito zolimba pansi pa chopinga cha kulandidwa anthu odziwa zinthu pamene iwo afa?

Ndipo’nso, kunena kuti munthu analinganizidwa kukhala ndi moyo zaka zowerengeka chabe pa dziko lapansi ndiye kenako n’kufa sikungagwirizanitsidwe ndi kukhulupirira Mlengi wachikondi. Kulekeranji kutero? Chifukwa chakuti kumene’ku kukatanthauza kuti Mlengi amasamalira kwambiri zomera zina zopanda nzeru ndi zinyama zosalankhula koposa m’mene iye amasamalirira anthu, amene angasonyeze chikondi ndi chiyamikiro. Kukatanthauza’nso kuti iye ali ndi kumvera chifundo kochepa kwa anthu, amene, mwa mipangidwe yonse ya zamoyo ya pa dziko lapansi, amabvutika kopambana ndi imfa.

Ndithudi, ngati moyo uno ukanakhala wokha umene ulipo, ndipo ngati Mulungu anaulinganiza’di motere, kodi ndi motani m’mene ife tikanam’kondera kweni-kweni? Inde, kodi ndi motani m’mene tikanakokedwera kwa Uyo amene anapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kwa ife kufika pa kukwaniritsidwa kotheratu kwa kuthekera kwathu? Kodi sikukakhala kusakoma mtima kupatsidwa kuthekera kwakukulu kwambiri kwa kupeza chidziwitso ndiyeno n’kulepheretsedwa m’kuchigwiritsira kwanu ntchito?

Komabe, ngati anthu anapangidwa kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo, pamenepo, iwo afunikira yankho la funso lakuti, Kodi n’chifukwa ninji kuli kwakuti munthu amafa? Ndipo yankho lokhutiritsa likufunika kuti liwathandize kuzindikira chifukwa chake Mulungu walola imfa kupitirizabe kupha anthu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Limene’li lingachotse bwino lomwe chopinga chachikulu cha kulowa kwa munthu mu unansi wabwino ndi Mlengi ndi kupeza tanthauzo leni-leni ndi chisangalalo m’moyo tsopano

Koma kodi ndi motani m’mene tingakhalire otsimikizira ponena za chochititsa imfa?

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

KODI KUFUPIKA KWA MOYO WA MUNTHU KUMAMVEKA?

Mosasamala kanthu za kuthekera kwao kodabwitsa kwa kuphunzira, anthu amakhala ndi moyo zaka 70 kapena 80 zokha

Ngakhale atsekwe adziwika kukhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 80

Ngakhale ali opanda nzeru, akamba amakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 150

Mitengo ina imakhala moyo zaka zikwi zambiri