Dzina la Mulungu ndi Otembenuza Baibulo

KUCHIYAMBI kwa zaka zazana lachiwiri, pambuyo pa kufa kwa wotsirizira wa atumwi, kugwa pachikhulupiriro Chachikristu konenedweratu ndi Yesu ndi otsatira ake kunayamba mwamphamvu. Nthanthi zachikunja ndi ziphunzitso zinalowa mumpingo; mipatuko ndi magawano anabuka, ndipo chiyero choyambirira cha chikhulupiriro chinaipitsidwa. Ndipo dzina la Mulungu linaleka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Pamene Chikristu chopatukachi chinafalikira, kufunika kwa kutembenuza Baibulo kuchokera kuchinenero chake choyambirira Chachihebri ndi Chachigiriki kulowa m’zinenero zina kunakhalapo. Kodi ndimotani mmene omasulirawo anatembenuzilira dzina la Mulungu m’matembenuzidwe awo? Kawirikawiri anagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofanana akuti “Ambuye.” Matembenuzidwe otchuka kwambiri apanthawiyo anali Vulgate Lachilatini, matembenuzidwe Abaibulo ochitidwa ndi Jerome kulowa m’chinenero Chachilatini cholankhulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Jerome anatembenuza Tetragrammaton (YHWH) mogwiritsira ntchito Dominus, “Ambuye.”

Potsirizira pake, zinenero zatsopano, monga Chifrenchi, Chingelezi ndi Chispanya, zinayamba kubuka mu Yuropu. Komabe, Tchalitchi Chachikatolika chinadodometsa kutembenuzidwa Kwabaibulo m’zinenero zatsopano zimenezi. Chotero, pamene Ayuda, ogwiritsira ntchito Baibulo m’chinenero Chachihebri choyambirira, anakana kutchula dzina la Mulungu pamene analiwona, unyinji wa “Akristu” unamva Baibulo likuwerengedwa m’matembenuzidwe Achilatini amene sanagwiritsire ntchito dzinalo.

M’kupita kwanthawi, dzina la Mulungu linayambanso kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Mu 1278 linawonekera m’bukhu Lachilatini lotchedwa kuti Pugio fidei (Lupanga Lachikhulupiriro), lotembenuzidwa ndi Raymundus Martini, wansembe Wachispanya. Raymundus Martini anagwiritsira ntchito supelo yakuti Yohoua.a Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, mu 1303, Porchetus de Salvaticis anatsiriza bukhu lotchedwa Victoria Porcheti adversus impios Hebraeos (Chilakiko cha Porchetu Motsutsana ndi Ahebri Osapembedza). M’menemonso, iye anatchulamo dzina la Mulungu, akumalilemba mwanjira zosiyanasiyana Iohouah, Iohoua ndi Ihouah. Ndiyeno mu 1518, Petrus Galatinus anafalitsa bukhu lakuti De arcanis catholicae veritatis (Ponena za Zinsinsi za Chowonadi Chofala) m’limene analemba dzina la Mulungu kuti Iehoua.

Choyamba dzinalo linawonekera m’Baibulo Lachingelezi mu 1530, pamene William Tyndale anafalitsa matembenuzidwe a mabukhu oyamba asanu a Baibulo. M’menemo iye analembamo dzina la Mulungu m’mavesi angapo,b ndipo m’ndemanga ina m’kopeli analemba kuti: “Iehovah ndilo dzina la Mulungu . . . Kwakukulukulu nthawi zonse pamene mumawona zilemba zazikulu zakuti AMBUYE ndilo Iehovah m’Chihebri (kusiyapo ngati pali cholakwa chirichonse m’masindikizidwe).” Kuchokera pamenepa chizolowezi cha kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Yehova chinayamba m’mavesi ochepekera okha ndi kulemba “AMBUYE” kapena “MULUNGU” m’malo ena ochulukitsitsa mmene Tetragrammaton imawonekera m’Malemba Achihebri.

Mu 1611 amene anafikira kukhala matembenuzidwe otchuka koposa ogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Chingelezi, a Authorized Version, anafalitsidwa. M’menemo, dzinalo linawonekeramo nthawi zinai m’malemba aakulu. (Eksodo 6:3; Salmo 83:18; Yesaya 12:2; 26:4) “Ya,” chidule cha m’nyimbo chadzinalo, chinawonekera m’Salmo 68:4. Ndipo dzinalo linawonekera lachikwanekwane m’maina a malo monga “Yehova-Yire.” (Genesis 22:14; Eksodo 17:15; Oweruza 6:24) Komabe, potsatira chitsanzo cha Tyndale, m’zochitika zochulukitsitsa otembenuzawo analemba “AMBUYE” kapena “MULUNGU” m’malo mwa dzina la Mulungu. Koma ngati dzina la Mulungu linawonekera m’mavesi anai, kodi nchifukwa ninji iro silikanawonekera m’mavesi ena zikwi zambiri mmene lalembedwa m’Chihebri choyambirira?

Kanthu kena kofananako kanachitika m’chinenero Chachijeremani. Mu 1534 Martin Luther anafalitsa matembenuzidwe ake athunthu Abaibulo, amene anawachotsa m’zinenero zoyambirira, kaamba ka chifukwa chakutichakuti iye sanaphatikize dzina la Mulungu koma anagwiritsira ntchito amlowa m’malo, onga akuti HERR (“AMBUYE”). Komabe, iye anali kuzindikira dzina la Mulungu, popeza kuti mu ulaliki pa Yeremiya 23:1-8, umene anakamba mu 1526, anati: “Dzina iri Yehova, Ambuye, liri kwakukulukulu la Mulungu wowona.”

Mu 1543 Luther analemba mosabisa mawu kotheratu: “Kuti iwo [Ayuda] tsopano akutsimikiza kuti dzina la Yehova liri losakhoza kutchulidwa, akusonyeza kusadziwa chimene akulankhula . . . Ngati iro lingathe kulembedwa ndi peni ndi inki, kodi nchifukwa ninji kuli kwakuti iro siliyenera kutchulidwa, kodi chabwinopo nchiti koposa kulembedwa ndi peni ndi inki? Kodi nchifukwa ninji iwo samalitchansokuti losakhoza kulembedwa, losakhoza kuwerengedwa kapena losakhoza kuganiziridwa? Mutapenda zinthu zonse, pali cholakwa.” Komabe, Luther sanalungamitse mawuwa m’matembenuzidwe ake Abaibulo. Komabe, m’zaka za pambuyo pake, Mabaibulo ena Achijeremani anali ndi dzina m’bukhulo pa Eksodo 6:3.

M’zaka za mazana otsatira, otembenuza Baibulo anapita mu imodzi ya mbali ziwirizo. Ena anapeweratu kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu, pamene ena analigwiritsira ntchito kwambiri m’Malemba Achihebri, kaya mu mpangidwe wakuti Yehova kapena Yahweh. Tiyeni tipende matembenuzidwe awiri amene anapewa dzinalo ndi kuwona chifukwa chimene silinagwiritsidwire ntchito, mogwirizana ndi otembenuza ake.

Chifukwa Chake Analisiya

Pamene J. M. Powis Smith ndi Edgar J. Goodspeed anatulutsa matembenuzidwe amakono Abaibulo mu 1935, owerenga anapeza kuti Ambuye ndi Mulungu anagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malo ochulukitsitsa monga amlowa m’malo a dzina la Mulungu. Chifukwa chinalongosoledwa m’mawu oyamba: “M’matembenuzidwe ano tatsatira mwambo Wachiyuda wokonda mwambo ndipo tagwiritsira ntchito ‘Ambuye,’ m’malo mwa dzina la ‘Yahweh’ ndipo mawu akuti ‘Ambuye Mulungu’ m’malo mwa ‘Ambuye Yahweh.’ M’zochitika zonse kumene ‘Ambuye’ kapena ‘Mulungu’ amaimira ‘Yahweh’ woyambirira zilemba zazikulu zagwiritsiridwa ntchito.”

Ndiyeno, mumpangidwe wosazolowereka wotsutsa mwambo wa Ayuda amene anawerenga YHWH koma analitchula kuti “Ambuye,” mawu oyambirira akuti: “Chifukwa chake, aliyense, amene akhumba kusunga mamvekedwe oyambirira a lembalosayenera kuchitira mwina kusiyapo kuwerenga kuti ‘Yahweh’ paliponse pamene awona AMBUYE kapena MULUNGU”!

Powerenga mawuwa, funso limabuka mwadzidzidzi m’maganizo: Ngati kuwerenga kuti “Yahweh” m’malo mwa “AMBUYE” kumasunga “mamvekedwe oyambirira a lembalo,” kodi nchifukwa ninji otembenuzawo sanagwiritsire ntchito “Yahweh” m’matembenuzidwe awo? Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuti iwo, mwamawu a iwo eni, ‘analowetsa mawu akuti “AMBUYE” m’malo mwa dzina la Mulungu ndipo chotero kubisa mamvekedwe a malemba oyambirira?

Otembenuza amanena kuti anali kutsatira mwambo wa Ayuda okonda mwambo. Komabe kodi kuli kwanzeru kaamba ka Akristu? Kumbukirani, anali Afarisi, otetezera mwambo wa Ayuda okonda mwambo, amene anakana Yesu ndi amene anauzidwa ndi iye kuti: “Mupeputsa mawu a Mulungu chifukwa cha miyambo yanu.” (Mateyu 15:6) Ndithudi kulowetsa m’malo kotero kumafooketsa Mawu a Mulungu.

Mu 1952 Revised Standard Version ya Malemba Achihebri anafalitsidwa m’Chingelezi, ndiponso, Baibulo limeneli, linagwiritsira ntchito amlowa m’malo a dzina la Mulungu. Ichi chinali chofunika kudziwidwa chifukwa chakuti American Standard Version yoyambirira, imene kopeli linali kubwerezedwa kwake, linagwiritsira ntchito dzina la Yehova mkati mwa Malemba Achihebri onse. Chotero, kuchotsedwa kwadzinalo kunali kupatuka kwakukulu. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kunachitika?

M’mawu oyambirira a Revised Standard Version, timawerenga kuti: “Kaamba ka zifukwa ziwiri Komiti yabwerera kumchitidwe wozolowereka kwambiri wogwiritsira ntchito Matembenuzidwe a King James [ndiko kuti, kuchotsa dzina la Mulungu]: (1) liwu lakuti ‘Yehova’ silikuimira molondola mpangidwe uliwonse wa Dzina logwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi kale lonse m’Chihebri; ndi (2) kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa dzina lenileni lirilonse la Mulungu mmodzi wowona yekha, monga ngati kuti panali milungu ina imene iye ayenera kulekanitsidwa nayo, kunalekedwa m’Chiyuda nyengo Yachikristu isanafike ndipo nkosayenerera kotheratu kaamba ka chikhulupiriro chonse cha m’Tchalitchi Chachikristu.”

Kodi zimenezi ndizigomeko zolama? Eya, monga momwe kwanenedwera poyamba, dzina lakuti Yesu silikuimira molondola matchulidwe oyambirira a dzina la Mwana wa Mulungu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi otsatira ake. Komabe zimenezo sizinakhutiritse Komitiyo kupewa kugwiritsira ntchito dzinalo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito dzina laulemu m’malo mwake monga lakuti “Mtetezi” kapena “Kristu.” Ndithudi, maina aulemu amenewa ali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, koma m’kuwonjezera padzina la Yesu, osati m’malo mwake.

Ponena za chigomeko chakuti kulibe milungu ina imene Mulungu wowona anafunikira kulekanitsidwako, limenelo ndibodza. Pali milungu mamiliyoni ambiri yolambiridwa ndi anthu. Mtumwi Paulo anati: “Iriko ‘milungu’ yambiri.” (1 Akorinto 8:5; Afilipi 3:19) Ndithudi, pali Mulungu mmodzi yekha wowona, monga momwe Paulo akupitirizira kunena. Chifukwa chake, phindu limodzi lalikuru la kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu wowona liri lakuti limamchititsa kukhala wolekana ndi milungu yonse yonyenga. Ndiponso, ngati kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu kuli “kosayenerera kotheratu,” kodi nchifukwa ninji iro limawonekera pafupifupi nthawi 7,000 m’Malemba Achihebri choyambirira?

Chowonadi nchakuti, otembenuza ambiri sanalingalire kuti dzinalo, limodzi ndi matchulidwe ake amakono, liri losayenerera m’Baibulo. Iwo aliphatikiza m’matembenuzidwe awo, ndipo chotulukapo chake nthawi zonse chakhala matembenuzidwe amene amapereka ulemu wowonjezereka kwa Muyambi wa Baibulo ndi kumamatira mokhulupirika kwambiri kumalemba oyambirira. Matembenuzidwe ena ogwiritsiridwa nchito mofala amene ali ndi dzina ndiwo matembenuzidwe a Bukhu Lopatulika (lofalitsidwa mu 1973, m’Chichewa, matembenuzidwe a Almeida, (Chipwitikizi, ofalitsidwa mu 1681), matembenuzidwe oyambirira a Elberfelder (Chijeremani, ofalitsidwa mu 1871), kuphatikizapo American Standard Version (Chingelezi, ofalitsidwa mu 1901). Mokondweretsa, matembenuzidwe ena onga The Jerusalem Bible, nawonso mofanana akugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu ndi masupelo akuti Yahweh.

Werengani tsopano ndemanga za otembenuza ena amene anaphatikiza dzina m’matembenuzidwe awo ndi kuyerekezera zigomeko zawo ndi za awo amene anachotsa dzinalo.

Chifukwa Chake Ena Amaphatikizamo Dzinalo

Nayi ndemanga ya otembenuza American Standard Version ya 1901: “[Otembenuza] anakhutira kotheratu kuti kukhulupirira malaulo Kwachiyuda, kumene kunanena kuti Dzina la Mulungu liri lopatulika kwambiri kosati nkutchulidwa, sikuyeneranso kulamulira m’Chingelezi kapena matembenuzidwe ena alionse a Chipangano Chakale. . . Dzina Lachikumbutso limeneli, lolongosoledwa mu Eks. iii. 14, 15, ndi logogomezeredwa mobwerezabwereza chotero m’malemba oyambirira a Chipangano Chakale, limadziwikitsa Mulungu monga Mulungu wokhala ndi umunthu, monga Mulungu wapangano, Mulungu wa vumbulutso, Muwomboli, Bwenzi la anthu ake . . . Dzina laumwini limeneli, lophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zopatulika, tsopano labwezeretsedwa pamalo ake m’malemba opatulika amene mosakaikira liri loyenerera kukhalamo.”

Mofananamo, m’mawu oyamba a Elberfelder Bibel Lachijeremani loyambirira timawerenga kuti: “Yehova. Tasunga dzina la Mulungu wa Pangano wa Israyeli iri chifukwa chakuti wowerenga ali wozolowerana nalo kwazaka zambiri.

Steven T. Byington, wotembenuza The Bible in Living English, akulongosola chifukwa chake akugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu: “Masupelo ndi matchulidwe siziri zofunika kwambiri. Chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri ndicho kulisunga kukhala losadetsedwa monga dzina laumwini. Pali malemba angapo amene sangazindikirike bwino ngati titembenuza dzinali mwa dzina lolowa m’malo monga ‘Ambuye,’ kapena, choipa koposerapo, mwa mfotokozi wa chinthu chamoyo [mwachitsanzo, Wamuyaya].”

Chochitika cha matembenuzidwe ena, ochitidwa ndi J. B. Rotherham, chiri chokondweretsa. Iye anagwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu m’matembenuzidwe ake koma anakonda matchulidwe akuti Yahweh. Komabe, m’bukhu lapambuyo pake, Studies in the Psalms, lofalitsidwa mu 1911, iye anabwerera kumatchulidwe akuti Yehova. Kodi nchifukwa ninji? Iye akulongosola kuti: “YEHOVA.—Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mpangidwe wachichewa wa dzina Lachikumbukiro iri (Exo. 3:18) m’matembenuzidwe amakono a Masalmo sumachokera m’mantha alionse onena za matchulidwe olondola koposerapo, monga akuti Yahweh; koma makamaka kumachokera mu umboni wogwira ntchito wosankhidwa mwachidunji wa chikhumbo cha kusunga mgwirizano wa khutu ndi maso za anthu onse pankhani yamtunduwu, mu imene chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuzindikira dzina la Mulungu lofunikalo.”

Mu Salmo 34:3 olambira Yehova akulimbikitsidwa kuti: “Bukitsani limodzi ndi ine ukulu wa Yehova, ndipo tikweze dzina lake pamodzi.” Kodi ndimotani mmene owerenga matembenuzidwe Abaibulo amene amasiya dzina la Mulungu amayankhira mokwanira ku chilimbikitso chimenecho? Akristu ali achimwemwe kuti kwakukulukulu otembenuza ena anali ndi kulimba mtima kwa kuphatikiza dzina la Mulungu m’matembenuzidwe awo a Malemba Achihebri, ndipo chotero kutetezera chimene Smith ndi Goodspeed amachitcha kuti “mamvekedwe oyambirira a malemba.”

Komabe, matembenuzidwe ochulukitsitsa, ngakhale pamene aphatikiza dzina la Mulungu m’Malemba Achihebri, amalichotsa m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki, “Chipangano Chatsopano.” Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri chifukwa cha chimenechi? Kodi pali kulungamitsidwa kulikonse kwa kuphatikiza dzina la Mulungu m’mbali yotsiriza imeneyi ya Baibulo?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 17]

Otembenuza a Authorized Version anasunga dzina la Mulungu, Yehova, m’mavesi anai okha, akumalowetsa MULUNGU ndi AMBUYE m’malo ena alionse

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 22]

Ngati kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu kuli “kosayenerera kotheratu,” kodi nchifukwa ninji iro limawonekera pafupifupi nthawi 7,000, m’malemba oyambirira Achihebri?

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 21]

Kodi Panali Udani Wotsutsa Dzina la Mulungu?

Pakali pano palibe matembenuzidwe Abaibulo m’chinenero Chachiafrikaans (cholankhulidwa ndi nzika za ku South Africa zafuko Lachidatchi) amene ali ndi dzina la Mulungu. Chimenechi nchodabwitsa, chifukwa chakuti matembenuzidwe ambiri m’zinenero zamafuko olankhulidwa m’dzikolo amagwiritsira ntchito dzinalo momasuka. Tiyeni tiwone mmene zinachitikira.

Pa August 24, 1878, pempho lamphamvu linapangidwa pamsonkhano wa Society of True Afrikaners (G.R.A.) lakuti matembenuzidwe Abaibulo apangidwe m’chinenero Chachiafrikaans. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, nkhaniyo inabukanso, ndipo potsirizira pake kunagamulidwa kupita patsogolo ndi kutembenuza Baibulo kuchokera m’zinenero zoyambirira. Ntchitoyo inaperekedwa kwa S. J. du Toit, woyang’anira Maphunziro m’Transvaal.

Kalata yamalangizo kwa du Toit inaphatikizapo chitsogozo chotsatirachi: “Dzina lenileni la Ambuye, Yehova kapena Jahve, liyenera kusiidwa losatembenuzidwa [ndiko kuti lisalowedwe m’malo ndi Ambuye kapena Mulungu] monsemo.” S. J. du Toit anatembenuza mabukhu asanu ndi awiri Abaibulo m’Chiafrikaans, ndipo dzina lakuti Yehova linawonekera monsemo.

Ndiponso, mabukhu ena a ku South Africa panthawi ina anali ndi dzina la Mulungu. Mwachitsanzo, mu De Korte Catechismus (Katekisima Yaifupi), kolembedwa ndi J. A. Malherbe, 1914, zotsatirapozi zinawonekera: “Kodi ndiliti limene liri Dzina lalikuru la Mulungu?” Kodi yankho lake nlotani? “Yehova, limene lalembedwa AMBUYE ndi zilembo zazikulu m’Mabaibulo athu. [Dzina] limeneli silinaperekedwe kucholengedwa chirichonse.”

Mu Die Katkisasieboek (katekisima yofalitsidwa ndi Federated Sunday School Commission ya Dutch Reformed Church m’South Africa) funso lotsatirali linawonekera: “Kodi pamenepa tileke kugwiritsira ntchito dzina lakuti Yehova kapena AMBUYE? Ndizo zimene Ayuda amachita. . . Limenelo sindilo tanthauza la lamulo. . . . Tingagwiritsire ntchito Dzina lake, koma osati pachabe.” Kufikira posachedwapa, makope osindikizidwa kachiwiri a Die Halleluja (bukhu lanyimbo) nawonso anali ndi dzina la Yehova m’nyimbo zina.

Komabe, matembenuzidwe a du Toit sanali otchuka, ndipo mu 1916 bungwe la Otembenuza Baibulo linasankhidwa kuyang’anira kutulutsidwa kwa Baibulo Lachiafrikaans. Bungweli linali ndi mchitidwe wa kuchotsa dzina la Yehova m’Baibulo. Mu 1971 Bible Society ya ku South Africa inafalitsa matembenuzidwe oyamba “a mabukhu ochepa Abaibulo m’Chiafrikaans. Pamene kuli kwakuti dzina la Mulungu linatchulidwa m’mawu oyambirira, iro silinagwiritsiridwe ntchito m’malemba otembenuzidwawo. Mofananamo, mu 1979 matembenuzidwe atsopano a “Chipangano Chatsopano” ndi Masalmo anatulutsidwa ndipo nawonso anachotsa dzina la Mulungu.

Ndiponso, kuyambira mu 1970 kutchulidwa kwa dzina la Yehova kwachotsedwa mu Die Halleluja. Ndipo masindikizidwe achisanu ndi chimodzi a kope lobwerezedwa la Die Katkisasieboek, lofalisidwa ndi Dutch Reformed Church m’South Africa, tsopano nalonso lachotsa dzinalo.

Kunena zowona, zoyesayesa za kuchotsa matchulidwe akuti Yehova siziri zolekezera m’mabukhu. Tchalitchi cha Dutch Reformed mu Paarl chinali ndi mwala wapangodya pamene panazokotedwa mawu akuti JEHOVAH- JIREH (“Yehova Adzagawira”). Chithunzithunzi chatchalitchi chimenechi ndi mwala wapangodya chinawonekera m’kope la magazini a Galamukani! a October 22, 1974, m’chinenero Chachiafrikaans. Kuyambira panthawiyo, mwala wapangodyawo walowedwa m’malo ndi mawu ena akuti DIE HERE SAL VOORSIEN (“AMBUYE Adzagawira”) Lembalo ndi deti limene mwalawo unalembedwa sizinasinthidwe, koma dzina la Yehova lachotsedwa.

Chifukwa chake, Aafrikaans ambiri lerolino sakudziwa dzina la Mulungu. Ziwalo zatchalitchi zimene zimadziwa dzinali zimachita manyazi kuligwiritsira ntchito. Ena amafikira ngakhale pakutsutsa, akumanena kuti dzina la Mulungu ndilo AMBUYE naimba mlandu Mboni za Yehova wa kupeka dzina lakuti Yehova.

[Zithunzi]

Tchalitchi cha Dutch Reformed m’Paarl, South Africa. Poyambayamba, dzina lakuti Yehova linazokotedwa pangondya (pamwamba kulamanja). Pambuyo pake, iro linalowedwa m’malo (pamwamba kulamanzere)

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Dzina la Mulungu mumpangidwe wakuti Yohoua linawonekera mu 1278 m’bukhu lakuti Pugio fidei monga momwe likuwonekera m’malemba awa (a m’zaka zazana la-13 kapena la-14) kuchokera kulaibulale ya Ste. Geneviève, Paris, Faransa (tsamba 162b)

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

M’matembenuzidwe ake amabukhu asanu oyambirira Abaibulo, ofalitsidwa mu 1530, William Tyndale anaphatikiza dzina la Mulungu pa Eksodo 6:3. Iye analongosola kugwiritsira ntchito kwake dzinali m’ndemanga ya m’matembenuzidwewo

[Mawu a chithunzi]

(Chithunzithunzi chololezedwa ndi American Bible Society Library, New York)