Mbiri Yawo Yamakono ndi Mmene Gulu Lawo Lakulira

MBIRI yamakono ya Mboni za Yehova inayamba zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo. Kumayambiriro kwa ma 1870, kagulu kosadziŵika kwambiri ka ophunzira Baibulo kanayambika ku Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., imene tsopano ndi mbali ya Pittsburgh. Charles Taze Russell ndiye anali wotsogolera kaguluko. Mu July 1879, magazini yoyamba yotchedwa Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence (Nsanja ya Olonda ya Ziyoni ndi Kulengeza Kukhalapo kwa Kristu) inatuluka. Pofika mu 1880 mipingo yochuluka kwambiri yochokera m’kagulu ka ophunzira Baibulo kameneko inafalikira m’madera ena oyandikana nawo. Mu 1881, bungwe la Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society linakhazikitsidwa, ndipo mu 1884 linalembetsedwa mwalamulo, Russell anakhala pulezidenti wake. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, dzina la bungwelo linasinthidwa kukhala Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Ambiri ankachitira umboni nyumba ndi nyumba akumagaŵira mabuku ophunzitsa Baibulo. Anthu okwanira 50 anali kugwira ntchito imeneyi nthaŵi zonse mu 1888—koma panopo avareji ya padziko lonse ndi pafupifupi 700,000.

Pofika mu 1909 ntchitoyo inafalikira m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo likulu la Sosaite linasamutsidwira kumene lili tsopano ku Brooklyn, New York. Maulaliki osindikizidwa ankafalitsidwa m’manyuzipepala, ndipo pofika mu 1913 maulalikiwo anali kutuluka m’zinenero zinayi m’manyuzipepala okwanira 3,000 ku United States, Canada, ndi ku Ulaya. Mabuku, timabuku, ndi timapepala tina ta mauthenga zinasindikizidwa mamiliyoni mazanamazana.

Mu 1912 ntchito inayambika yopanga “Seŵero la Pakanema la Chilengedwe.” Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosayenda ndi zoyenda limodzinso ndi mawu ojambula, kanemayo inaonetsa zithunzi zoyambira pa kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ulamuliro wa Kristu wa Zaka 1,000. Kanemayo inayamba kuonetsedwa mu 1914, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 35,000 anaionerera tsiku lililonse. Ndiyo inali kanema yoyamba kukhala ndi zithunzi zoyenda limodzi ndi mawu ojambula.

CHAKA CHA 1914

Nthaŵi yovuta inali kuyandikira. Mu 1876 wophunzira Baibuloyo, Charles Taze Russell, analemba nkhani yakuti “Nthaŵi za Akunja: Kodi Zikutha Liti?” imene inatuluka m’magazini yotchedwa Bible Examiner, yofalitsidwa ku Brooklyn, New York, imene inati patsamba 27 m’kope lake la October, “Nthaŵi zisanu ndi ziŵiri zidzatha mu A.D. 1914.” Nthaŵi za Akunja ndiyo nyengo ya nthaŵi imene Baibulo lina limaitcha “nthaŵi zawo za anthu akunja.” (Luka 21:24) Si kuti zonse zimene ankayembekezera kuti zidzachitika mu 1914 zinachitikadi, koma chakacho chinakhaladi mapeto a Nthaŵi za Akunja komanso chaka chapadera kwambiri. Olemba mbiri ochuluka ndi othirira ndemanga amavomereza kuti 1914 chinali chaka chosinthirapo zinthu m’mbiri ya anthu. Mawu otsatiraŵa amasonyeza zimenezo:

“Chaka ‘chabwinobwino’ chotsirizira m’mbiri ya anthu chinali chaka cha 1913, nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse isanayambe m’chaka chotsatira.”—Nkhani ya akonzi m’nyuzipepala ya Times-Herald, ya ku Washington, D.C., ya pa March 13, 1949.

“Mowonjezerekawonjezereka, olemba mbiri akuona nyengo ya zaka 75 kuyambira mu 1914 mpaka 1989, imene munachitika nkhondo za padziko lonse ziŵiri kuphatikizaponso nkhondo ya mawu, kukhala nyengo imodzi, yapayokha, ndi yapadera, mmene mwachitika nkhondo zochuluka kwambiri padziko, ntchito yochuluka kwambiri yokonza zinthu zowonongedwa ndi nkhondo kapena kukonzekera nkhondo kochuluka kwambiri.”—The New York Times, ya pa May 7, 1995.

“Dziko lonse linangophulika pankhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse ndipo mpaka pano sitikumvetsabe chifukwa chake. Izi zisanachitike, anthu ankaganiza kuti moyo tsopano unali kufika pabwino kwambiri. Panali mtendere ndi chitukuko. Kenako zonse zinangosokonekera mwadzidzidzi. Chiyambireni nthaŵiyo tikungokhala m’malere osadziŵa kuti chichitike maŵa n’chiyani . . . Anthu ambiri aphedwa m’zaka 100 zimenezi kuposa onse ophedwa m’mbiri yonse ya anthu m’mbuyomo.”—Dr. Walker Percy, American Medical News, ya pa November 21, 1977.

Patapita zaka zoposa 50 kuchokera mu 1914, katswiri wa kayendetsedwe ka boma wa ku Germany, Konrad Adenauer, analemba kuti: “Chitetezo ndi bata zathaŵa m’miyoyo ya anthu chiyambire 1914.”—The West Parker, ya ku Cleveland, Ohio, ya pa January 20, 1966.

Pulezidenti woyamba wa Watch Tower Society, C. T. Russell, anamwalira mu 1916 ndipo m’chaka chotsatira Joseph F. Rutherford analoŵa m’malo mwake. Zitatero zinthu zambiri zinasintha. Magazini ina, inzake ya Nsanja ya Olonda, yotchedwa The Golden Age (Nyengo ya Ulemerero), inayamba kufalitsidwa. (Tsopano imatchedwa Galamukani!, ndipo imasindikizidwa pachiŵerengero chopitirira 20,000,000 m’zinenero zoposa 80.) Umboni wa khomo ndi khomo unalimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Pofuna kudzisiyanitsa ndi Matchalitchi Achikristu, mu 1931 Akristu ameneŵa anatenga dzina lakuti Mboni za Yehova. Dzina limeneli limachokera pa Yesaya 43:10-12.

Wailesi inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’ma 1920 ndi m’ma 1930. Pofika mu 1933, Sosaiteyi imagwiritsa ntchito nyumba za wailesi zokwanira 403 kuulutsira nkhani za m’Baibulo. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi kunachepetsedwa kwambiri pamene Mbonizo zinakulitsa kwambiri ntchito yofikira nyumba ndi nyumba poyenda ndi magalamafoni ndi nkhani za m’Baibulo zojambulidwa. Anthu alionse amene anasonyeza chidwi m’choonadi cha Baibulo analikuphunzira nawo Baibulo panyumba zawo.

KUWINA MILANDU M’MAKHOTI

M’ma 1930 ndi m’ma 1940, Mboni zambiri zinamangidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito imeneyi, ndipo m’makhoti zinamenyera nkhondo ufulu wolankhula, ufulu wolemba nkhani, ufulu wosonkhana, ndi ufulu wolambira. Ku United States, Mboni zinkachitira apilo ku Khoti Lapamwamba milandu yoweruzidwa ku makhoti aang’ono, ndipo zinawina milandu yokwanira 43. M’mayiko enanso, makhoti apamwamba agamula milandu moyanja Mboni. Ponena za kuwina milandu kumeneku, Pulofesa C. S. Braden, m’buku lake lakuti These Also Believe (Awanso Amakhulupirira), anati ponena za Mboni: “Anthuŵa agwira ntchito yaikulu kwambiri polimbikitsa demokalase mwa kumenyera nkhondo maufulu awo, pakuti pomenya nkhondo yawoyo apezera maufuluwo ngakhale gulu laling’ono lililonse mu America.”

MAPULOGALAMU A MAPHUNZIRO APADERA

J. F. Rutherford anamwalira mu 1942 ndipo N. H. Knorr ndiye anam’loŵa m’malo monga pulezidenti watsopano. Iye limodzi ndi anzake anayambitsa pulogalamu yatsopano yophunzitsa. Mu 1943 anakhazikitsa sukulu yapadera yophunzitsa amishonale yotchedwa Sukulu ya Gileadi ya Watchtower Yophunzitsa Baibulo. Kuyambira nthaŵi imeneyo, omaliza maphunziro pasukulu imeneyi atumizidwa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Mipingo yatsopano yafalikira m’mayiko mmene kunalibe mpingo ndi umodzi womwe, ndipo maofesi a nthambi omwe akhazikitsidwa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana tsopano akupitirira 100. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, maphunziro apadera akhazikitsidwa ophunzitsa akulu a mpingo, odzipereka kugwira ntchito yosalipidwa pa maofesi anthambi, ndi aja amene ntchito yawo nthaŵi zonse ndi kulalikira (otchedwa apainiya). Maphunziro apadera osiyanasiyana akhala akuperekedwa ku likulu la maphunziro ku Patterson, New York.

N. H. Knorr anamwalira mu 1977. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomalizira kusintha zokhudza kayendetsedwe ka gulu zimene anasintha nawo asanamwalire chinali kuwonjezera mamembala a Bungwe Lolamulira, limene lili ku likulu la dziko lonse ku Brooklyn. Mu 1976 maudindo a uyang’aniro anagaŵidwa ndi kuperekedwa ku makomiti osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi mamembala a Bungwe Lolamulira, amene onse atumikira zaka zambiri.

KUWONJEZERA NYUMBA ZOSINDIKIZIRA

Mbiri yamakono ya Mboni za Yehova ndi yodzaza ndi zochitika zodabwitsa. Kuchokera m’kagulu kakang’ono ka ophunzira Baibulo ku Pennsylvania kalelo mu 1870, podzafika m’chaka cha 2000, Mboni zachuluka moti zimapanga mipingo pafupifupi 90,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Poyamba, mabuku onse ankasindikizidwa ndi makampani ena; kenako, mu 1920, mabuku ena a Mbonizo anali kusindikizidwa m’nyumba zosindikizira zalendi. Koma kuyambira mu 1927, mabuku ambiri zedi anali kusindikizidwa m’nyumba yafakitale yosanjikiza kasanu ndi katatu ku Brooklyn, New York, ya Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. Fakitale imeneyi tsopano aiwonjezera nyumba zina ndi maofesi. Palinso nyumba zina zapafupi ku Brooklyn komweko zokhalamo atumiki odzipereka kugwira ntchito pafakitale yosindikizirayo. Kuwonjezera pa zimenezi, palinso famu, pamene palinso nyumba yosindikizira pafupi ndi Wallkill, kumpoto kwa mzinda wa New York. Kumeneko amasindikiza magazini a Nsanja ya Olonda ndi Galamukani! ndipo amalimanso china mwa chakudya chimene atumiki ogwira ntchito m’malo osiyanasiyana amadya. Wantchito wodzipereka aliyense amapatsidwa kangachepe pamwezi kogulira tizinthu tina taumwini.

MISONKHANO YA MAYIKO

Mu 1893, msonkhano waukulu woyamba unachitikira ku Chicago, ku Illinois, U.S.A. Kunafika anthu okwana 360, ndipo atsopano 70 anabatizidwa. Msonkhano wa mayiko waukulu kwambiri wotsirizira kuchitidwa wokha unachitikira ku New York City mu 1958. Anagwiritsa ntchito bwalo la maseŵero lotchedwa Yankee Stadium ndi linanso lotchedwa Polo Grounds lomwe linaliko panthaŵiyo. Chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha ofikapo chinali 253,922; ndipo atsopano omwe anabatizidwa anali 7,136. Kuchokera nthaŵi imeneyo, misonkhano ya mayiko yachitika motsatizanatsatizana m’mayiko ambiri. Yonse pamodzi, misonkhano yoteroyo nthaŵi zina imafika ngakhale 1,000 m’mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 8]

Anathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu apeze maufulu awo

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

“Nsanja ya Olonda,” kuchokera pa 6,000 m’chinenero chimodzi mpaka kupitirira 22,000,000 m’zinenero zoposa 132

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Posinthira zinthu m’mbiri ya anthu

[Chithunzi chachikulu patsamba 10]