Kusangalala ndi Kututa mu India

Monga momwe zasimbidwira ndi F. E. Skinner

KWA ine zinalidi zosakhulupiririka​—misonkhano 21 m’zinenero khumi, opezekapo oposa 15,000 kudzaphunzira tanthauzo la chilungamo chaumulungu, ndipo 545 anabatizidwa kuchitira chithunzi chikondi chawo cha Mulungu wamkulu wachilungamo, Yehova! Kwa Mboni za Yehova 9,000 mu India, ichi chinali chapadera mu 1989. Koma kwa ine chinalidi chochititsa kusangalala. Chifuwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti sindinayerekezepo nkomwe zochitika zazikulu zoterozo pamene ndinaponda choyamba panthaka ya India mu July 1926. Panthaŵiyo panali ofalitsa a uthenga Waufumu ochepera osaposa pa 70 m’dziko lonselo. Ndi ntchito yotani nanga imene mnzanga ndi ine tinalandira zaka zoposa 63 zapitazo!

M’mene Ndinabwerera ku India

Mu May 1926 ndinapezeka pa msonkhano waukulu mu London, England, ndipo mwamsanga pambuyo pake ndinabwerera ku mudzi wanga mu Sheffield. Masiku oŵerengeka pambuyo pake, pamene ndinabwera kuchokera mu utumiki wakumunda, ndinapeza telegilamu ikuyembekezera. Ilo linaŵerengedwa kuti: “Judge Rutherford akufuna kukuwonani.”

Mbale Rutherford, prezidenti wachiŵiri wa Watch Tower Society, anali atabwera kuchokera ku New York kaamba ka msonkhano waposachedwapa, ndipo anali adakali mu London. Mmawa motsatira ndiri pa sitima paulendo wobwerera ku London, ndinkadabwa kuti, ‘Kodi chimenechi chikutanthauzanji?’ Pa ofesi yanthambi, ndinaperekedwa kwa Mbale Rutherford, ndipo iye anandifunsa kuti: “Kodi ziridi kanthu kwa iwe mbali iriyonse yadziko imene ungagwireko ntchito?”

“Ayi,” ndinayankha tero.

“Kodi ungakonde kupita ku India?”

“Ndiliti pamene mukufuna kuti ndikapite?” Ndinayankha tero popanda kuchedwa. Chotero, milungu itatu pambuyo pake, George Wright ndi ine tinali pa bwato lopita ku India. Ndinali ndi zaka 31 zakubadwa, ndipo panalibe chirichonse mmaganizo mwanga ndi mtima ponena za chimene ndinafuna kuchita ndi moyo wanga.

Kusankha Njira Yamoyo

Podzafika 1918 nkhondo yoyamba yadziko inali itatha, ndipo ndinali nditangomaliza zaka zinayi m’gulu lankhondo la ku Britain. Ndinali wosangalatsidwa m’zojambulajambula ndi kuwulutsa kwa pa wailesi, ndipo mwaŵi wabwino watchito unali wotseguka kwa ine. Ndiponso, ndinali kuyembekezera kukwatira. Komabe, panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ndinkayamba kumvetsetsa zinthu zimene zinkasintha moyo wanga wonse.

Atate wanga anali atalandira mpambo wa Studies in the Scriptures, ndipo koputala, monga mmene apainiya ankatchedwera panthaŵiyo, anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndi banja lathu. Mkaziyo adaalipo m’phunzitsi wapasukulu. M’kupita kwanthaŵi, gulu la amuna achichepere a msinkhu wanga ankapita kunyumba kwake Loŵeruka lirilonse kaamba ka kukamwa kapu ya tii ndi phunziro la Baibulo. Iye anatiwuza mobwerezabwereza kuti tikayenera kudzipanga ife eni kukhalapo kwa Yehova, akumati: “Musayese kukana ntchito.” Iye anandilimbikitsanso kukhala mbeta.

Kwa kanthaŵi ndinavutika ponena za zomwe ndikayenera kuchita. Mawu a Yesu kwa wolamulira wachichepere wolemera pa Mateyu 19:21 anandithandiza akuti: “Ngati ufuna kukhala wangwiro, pita, kagulitse zomwe uli nazo, nupatse aumphawi, ndipo udzakhala ndi chuma kumwamba ndipo ukadze kuno, unditsate.” Ndinapereka kalata yanga yolekera ntchito ku kampani imene ndinkagwirako ntchito, ndipo m’miyezi itatu ndinali koputala. Ichi, limodzinso ndi chosankha cha kukhala mbeta, zinandiyeneretsa kulandira ntchito yamtengo ija yopita ku India chifupifupi zaka zinayi pambuyo pake.

Munda Watsopano Wokulira

George Wright ndi ine tinagawiridwa kukayang’anira ntchito yolalikira Ufumu osati kokha mu India komanso mu Burma (tsopano Myanmar) ndi Ceylon (tsopano Sri Lanka). Pambuyo pake, Persia (tsopano Iran) ndi Afghanistan zinawonjezeredwa. Dera la India linali locheperako ku la ku United States, koma chiŵerengero chinali chokulirapo nthaŵi zingapo. Inali dziko lokhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, miyambo, ndi zinenero, lokhala ndi anthu a zikhulupiliro zachipembedzo zosiyanasiyana​—Ahindu, Asilamu, Aparsi, Ajain, Asikh, ndi Abuda, limodzinso ndi Akatolika ndi Aprotestanti.

Ntchito yolalikira inayambika mu India mu 1905, ndipo inalandira chisonkhezero pamene Charles T. Russell, prezidenti woyamba wa Watch Tower Society, anachezera mu 1912. Kufunsana kwa Russell ndi A. J. Joseph, wophunzira Baibulo wachangu wachichepere, kunatsogolera ku makonzedwe okhazikika a ntchito yolalikira yopitirizabe. Joseph anatembenuza mabukhu a Baibulo m’chinenero cha kwawo cha Malayalam ndipo anayendayenda ndi kulankhula nkhani mwakuya, makamaka kumwera kwa India. Lerolino, chifupifupi theka la ofalitsa a ku India amakhala mu dera limeneli kumene chinenero cha Malayalam chimalankhulidwa, ngakhale kuti kokha chifupifupi 3 peresenti ya chiŵerengero cha anthu a ku India ndi amene amakhala kumeneko. Dera limeneli, lomwe kalelo linali Travancore ndi Cochin, linakhala Boma la Kerala mu 1956.

George Wright ndi ine tinasinthanasinthana pakati pa kusamalira ofesi ya ku Bombay ndi kutulukira mmaulendo a ntchito yolalikira yofutukulidwa. Tinagwiritsira ntchito mokwana njira za ku India zapanjanji, akavalo, ndi akochikala okokedwa ndi ng’ombe. Pambuyo pake tinagwiritsira ntchito galimoto. Chomwe chinali lingaliro nthaŵiyo chinali kungosiya kokha mabukhu ndi kuitana anthu kubwera ku malo amsonkhano kaamba ka phunziro la gulu. Tinasumika pa Akristu wamba olankhula Chingelezi.

Poyambirira, ndinapatsidwa maina ndi maadresi a olembetsa Nsanja ya Olonda onse. Kwakukulukulu awa anali anthu ofikiridwa paulendo wapanjanji kapena ndi telegilamu. Ndinachezera aliyense wa iwo kukafunafuna chikondwerero chenicheni. Kwa zaka zambiri ndinakhoza kupita ku Punjab kumpoto kwa India mu January ndi ulendo wochokera ku Lahore kupita ku Karachi. Popeza kuti ochulukira anali oipidwa ndi Baibulo, midzi kumene kunali Akristu wamba inali yoŵerengeka ndi yotalikana.

Mbale akayenera kuyenda nane monga mtembenuzi, ndipo tinakhala ndi kudya ndi anthu. Nzika za mmidzizo zinakhala m’nyumba zomangidwa ndi njerwa zosawotcha, zokhala ndi madenga ofoleredwa ndi udzu kapena mitengo. Iwo ankagona pa charpoys, mibedi ya miyendo inayi yopangidwa ndi mathabwa ndi yokhala ndi zingwe zopingasidwapingasidwa pamwamba pake. Alimiwo kaŵirikaŵiri akakhala pa macharpoy awo ndi Mabaibulo mmanja, akumasuta kaliwo wawo wozizilitsidwa ndi madzi wokhala ndi chogwirira cha utali wochokera pa theka la mita kufika ku imodzi, akumatsegula kuchokera ku lemba iri kupita ku lemba lina pamene tinkalongosola chowonadi cha Mulungu kwa iwo. Misonkhano yapoyera inatsimikizira kukhala yokomera, popeza kuti mbali yokulira ya chaka inali yopanda mvula. Pamene kuli kwakuti Aluya ambiri anadzimva kukhala apamwamba kwenikweni kuti nkupezeka ku misonkhanoyo, Amwenye akakhozadi kusonkhana.

Tinayesera kufalitsa mabukhu m’zinenero zochulukira kumene kunali kothekera. Kabukhu ka World Distress m’chinenero cha Kanarese kanakhala ndi chipambano chokulira. Iko kanasonkhezera mkonzi wa magazine ya chipembedzo yotuluka m’nyengo m’chinenero cha Kanarese kutipempha ife kuti timutumizire nkhani kaamba ka nyuzipepala yake, ndipo kwakanthaŵi, tinafalitsa bukhu la Deliverance monga nkhani zazikulu kwa milungu iŵiri iriyonse.

Zaka kuchokera mu 1926 kufika mu 1938 zinakhala ndi kupambana kokulira kwa kulalikira kochitidwa ndi apainiya otenthedwa maganizo. Tinayenda mamailosi zikwizikwi, ndipo mabukhu ochurukira anagawiridwa koma chiwonjezeko chinali chocheperako. Podzafika mu 1938 panali kokha apainiya 18 ndi ofalitsa 273 m’mipingo 24 yomwazikana mu India monse.

Mkati Mwa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II

Nkhondo Yadziko ya II inawulika mu 1939, komabe tinapitirizabe ndi kulalikira kwathu. M’chenicheni, kuchiyambiyambi kwa 1940 ntchito yochitira umboni m’makhwalala inayambitsidwa. Ngakhale alongo athu Achimwenye anagawanamo, chomwe chinali chodabwitsa mutalingalira miyambo ya kumaloko. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake wophunzira Baibulo anauza Mboni yomwe inamufunsa kugawana m’tchito yoteroyo kuti: “Ine ndine mkazi Wachimwenye, ndipo sindingaziwonedwa ndikulankhula kwa mwamuna m’makhwalala chifukwa chakuti ndikanyazitsidwa ndi anansi onse. Sindingalankhule kwa mwamuna m’khwalala ngakhale ngati ameneyo ndi wachibale.” Mosasamala kanthu za icho, alongo athu Achikristu mu India akhala atumiki apoyera achangu.

M’zaka zoyambirira zimenezo, misonkhano inakonzekeredwanso. M’mawa munaikiziridwa ku utumiki wa kumunda, womwe kwa mbali yaikulu unaphatikizapo kuyenda mamailosi ambirimbiri mukuuza nzika ndi oyenda m’njira ponena za misonkhano yapoyera. Oposa 300 anapezeka pa umodzi wa iyi, magawo a misonkhanoyo akachitidwira mum’thunzi wa zimango zomangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi makhwata a kanjeza. Koma kuika nthaŵi yeniyeni yoyambira sikunachite zabwino zirizonse, popeza kuti panali kokha anthu oŵerengeka amene anali ndi koloko. Iwo anangobwera pamene anaganizira kutero, ndipo misonkhano inkayambika pamene anthu okwanira anasonkhana. Othamangira anapitirizabe kubwera pamene msonkhano unapitirizabe.

Msonkhano unkakhala ukuchitidwa mpaka teni koloko usiku, ndipo pambuyo pake ambiri anafunikira kuyenda mamailosi angapo kubwerera kunyumba. Kutakhala mwezi, zimenezo zinali kukhala bwinopo; kunkakhala kozizira ndi kosangalatsa. Kutakhala kulibe mwezi, anthu ankasonkhanitsa nthambi za kanjeza ndi kuzipeta ndi kuziyatsa moto. Zitayaka, nyalizo zinawala mwa chizimezime. Kuwunika kowonjezereka kutafunidwa, nyalizo zinalozedwa m’mwamba kufikira zitatulutsa malaŵi. Ichi chinapereka kuwunika kokwanira kopezera njira m’malo oipa.

Chifupifupi panthaŵiyi ndi pamene chiletso chaboma chinaikidwa pa kulowetsa mabukhu a Sosaite kuchokera ku maiko akunja kuloŵa mu India ndi Ceylon. Makina yathu yaing’ono yosindikizira mu Travancore inalandidwa, ndipo boma inapereka lamulo loletsa kusindikizidwa kwa mabukhu athu. Pambuyo pake, mu 1944, mmodzi wa abale athu yemwe anali katswiri wa zaudokototala ankachiritsa Wolemekezeka Srivastava, nduna ya boma mu Bungwe la Bwanankubwa, ndipo nkhani ya chiletso inaperekedwa kwa iye.

“Bwanawe, usade nkhaŵa,” anawuzidwa tero mbale wathu. Wolemekezeka Srivastava analongosola kwa iye kuti Bambo Jenkins (nduna yaboma imene sinakonde ntchito yathu) anali pafupi kuleka ntchito ndipo bwenzi labwino la Wolemekezeka Srivastava akamloŵa mmalo iye. “Uzani Bambo Skinner kuti akabwere kuno,” Wolemekezeka Srivastava analimbikitsa tero, “ndipo ndidzamudziŵitsa kwa Wolemekezeka Francis Mudie,” mmloŵa malo wa Jenkins. Pomalizira pake, ndinaitanidwa; ndinalankhula ndi Bambo Mudie, ndipo chiletsocho chinachotsedwa pa December 9, 1944.

Zifukwa Zosangalalira

Chochititsa chachikulu cha kusangalala chinabwera mu 1947 pamene amishonale oyamba ophunzitsidwa ku Gileadi anabwera mu India. Kufika kwawo kunapezana ndi nthaŵi yovutitsitsa mu mbiri ya India, popeza kuti chaka chimenecho, pa August 15, ufulu wodzilamulira unapatsidwa kuchokera ku ulamuliro wa Britain. Pamene mtunduwo unagawanikana kukhala India Wachihindu ndi Pakistan Wachisilamu, kusakaza kokhetsa mwazi kunachitika. Mosasamala kanthu za chimenechi, omaliza maphunziro a ku Gileadi aŵiri anatumizidwa ku Pakistan, yomwe inakhala mtundu wopata ufulu wa kudzilamulira pa August 14. Mosataya nthaŵi amishonale ena khumi owonjezereka ankagwira ntchito mu India mokha, ndipo ena owonjezereka anafika kudzathandiza m’zaka zotsatira.

Chinabweretsa kusangalala kowonjezereka ku mtima kwanga pamene njira za gulu zinayambitsidwa. Ntchito yadera inayambika mu 1955 pamene mbale Dick Cotterill, womaliza maphunziro a ku Gileadi, anaikidwa kukhala woyang’anira woyamba wadera. Iye anatumikira mokhulupirika mpaka imfa yake mu 1988. Kenaka, mu 1960, tinali ndi makonzedwe athu oyamba a woyang’anira wachigawo, chomwe chinachi- ta zochulukira kuthandiza madera. Pambuyo pa 1966 panalibenso amishonale akunja omwe analoledwa kuloŵa m’dziko. Koma mofulumira ntchito ya upainiya wapadera inayambika, ndipo apainiya ofikapo Achimwenye anatumizidwa kumbali zambiri za India. Lerolino, pali chifupifupi 300 m’tchito imeneyi.

Sichinali kufikira 1958 pamene pomalizira pake tinafikira ofalitsa Aufumu 1,000. Koma pambuyo pake liŵiro linawonjezereka, ndipo tsopano tiri ndi oposa 9,000. Kuwonjezerapo, chiŵerengero chathu cha opezeka pa Chikumbutso 24,144 mu 1989 chimasonyeza kuti okondwerera ambiri owonjezereka akufunafuna thandizo. Sri Lanka tsopano ndi nthambi payokha. Ndi chisangalalo chotani nanga kuwona kuti awonjezeka kuchokera pa kokha ofalitsa aŵiri mu 1944 kufika ku oposa 1,000 lerolino, mosasamala kanthu za kumenyana komwe kulipo m’maiko awo.

Kufutukuka mu ofalitsa kwatanthauzanso kufutukuka m’nthambi yathu. Pambuyo pa zaka 52 za Bombay yomakulakula, malikulu athu anasamuka mu 1978 kupita ku tauni yapafupi ya Lonavla. Sindinalingalirepo nkomwe kuti tikakhala ndi chiwiya chocholoŵanacholoŵana chonga ngati makompyuta a MEPS ndi makina yaikulu yosindikiza mitundu iŵiri yosindikizira mabukhu m’zinenero zambiri za ku India. Lerolino, tikutulutsa Nsanja ya Olonda m’zinenero 9 ndi mabukhu ena m’zinenero 20 zosiyanasiyana.

Mosapita m’mbali, masiku a nthambi yathu yokhala ndi anthu aŵiri adapita kale. Tsopano tiri ndi banja la Beteli la ziwalo zoposa 60! Pa msinkhu wa zaka 95, ndidakali wachimwemwebe kukhala mu utumuki wa nthaŵi zonse pa ofesi yanthambi ndi kutumikira monga chiwalo cha Komiti Yanthambi ya ku India. Ndipo ndine wosangalaladi kuchitira umboni ntchito yotuta m’masiku otsirizawa. Zowonadi, iri nkhani yochititsa chisangalalo.