Bukhu Lamakedzana la Bezae—Malembo Apamanja Apadera
THÉODORE DE BÈZE, katswiri wotchuka Wachifrenchi wa Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki, anali bwenzi la ponda apa mpondepo ndi woloŵa mmalo wa wokonzanso Wachiprotestant John Calvin. M’chaka cha 1562, Beza, monga momwe iye akudziwikira ndi onse, anavumbulula malembo apamanja akale ndi achilendo. Iye adanena kuti adawapeza m’nyumba ya “Woyera mtima” Irenaeus mu Lyons, Faransa, pambuyo pa kupululutsidwa kwa mzindawo ndi Ahuguenot. Magwero a malo kumene analembedwera ngosadziwika, koma Kumpoto kwa Afirika kapena Igupto ndiwo amene akuwonekera kukhale magwero ake.
Bukhu lamakedzanalo nlaukulu wokwanira masentimitala 25 muutali ndi 20 muufupi ndipo mwachisawawa likuvomerezedwa kukhala litalembedwa m’zaka za zana lachisanu C.E., pambuyo pang’ono malembo apamanja a Sinaitic, Vatican, ndi Alexandrine atalembedwa. Liri ndi masamba 406 ndipo liri ndi Mauthenga Abwino anayi ndi Machitidwe a Atumwi, lokhala ndi mipata. Koma poyambirirapo Bukhu Lamakedzanalo la Bezae lingakhale lidaphatikizapo makalata ena, popeza kuti pali chidutswa cha kalata yachitatu ya Yohane. Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu ndi wa Yohane umatsatiridwa ndi wa Luka ndi Marko.
Malemba apamanjawo ali chitsanzo choyambirira cha Malembo okhala ndi zinenero ziŵiri, Chigiriki kutsamba lamanzere ndi Chilatini kulamanja. Iro mwinamwake ndikope la gumbwa la malembo apamanja lokhala ndi malemba oyambirira, lofanana ndi gumbwa la m’zaka za zana lachitatu kapena chinayi lodziwika kukhala P29, P38, ndi P48.
Pokhala lolembedwa m’zilembo zodera, zosavuta kuwerenga (zazikuluzikulu), Bukhu Lamakedzana la Bezae silimapitirira tsamba lina. Iro lapangidwa m’mizere yosatalika molingana, kotero kuti mapeto a mzere uliwonse amaimira kupuma powerenga. Chilatini chalembedwa mwanjira yachilendo m’kalembedwe Kachigiriki, ndipo malembawo asinthidwira kukhala ngati mabukhu Achigiriki m’zochitika zambiri. Kumbali ina, Malemba Achigiriki, ngowonekera bwino lomwe ndipo awongoleredwa ndi anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo alembi oyambilira.
Bukhu Lamakedzana la Bezae liri ndi chizindikiro chalamulo cha “D.” Iro nlosiyana kwambiri ndi losadalira kwambiri malemba ena apamanja onse aakulu. Monga momwe mawu a mtsinde mu New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures akusonyezera, nthaŵi zina bukhu lamakedzanalo limavomerezana ndipo nthawi zina silimavomerezana ndi mabukhu amakedzana a Sinaitic (א), Vatican (B), ndi Alexandrine (A). Phindu lalikulu la bukhu la makedzanali ndilo kutsimikizira kwake malembo ena apamanja ofunika koposa ndi kukhala kwake lachilendo m’kuchotsa ndi kuwonjezera.—Wonani mawu amtsinde a New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, pa Mateyu 23:14; 24:36; 27:49; Marko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; Luka 15:21; Yohane 5:4.
Mosasamala kanthu za kukhala kwake bukhu lachilendo ndi losiyana, Bukhu Lamakedzana la Bezae liri umboni wina wabwino kwambiri wa kutetezeredwa kwa Baibulo kufikira m’tsiku lathu.
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 24]
Pamwamba: Mwa chilolezo cha Syndics of Cambridge University Library
Kumanzere: Mwa chilolezo cha Trustees of the British Museum