Mipukutu ya Kunyanja Yakufa​—Zotumbidwa Zamtengo Wapatali

PAFUPIFUPI makilomita 24 kum’mwera koma chakum’mawa kwa Yerusalemu, kuli Wadi En-Nar, chidikha chouma chopitamo madzi chimene chimatsikira chakum’mawa mpaka ku Nyanja Yakufa. Mtandadza wa materezi umalambalala kumbuyo kwa dambo lolamba m’mphepete mwa gombe. Pa dambo limeneli, m’nyengo yachilimwe yokhala ndi usana wotentha ndi usiku wozizira, anthu otchedwa a Ta‘amireh Bedouin amaweta nkhosa zawo ndi mbuzi.

M’chaka cha 1947, pamene ankaweta nkhosa, mbusa wachichepere Wachibedouin anaponya mwala m’kachiboo kakang’ono kokhala patherezilo. Iye anadzidzimuka ndi phokoso limene mwalawo unapanga, mwachiwonekere mwakuswa nsupa yadongo. Iye anathaŵa pochita mantha, koma pambuyo pamasiku aŵiri anabwerera nakwera pamwamba mamita 100 kuti aloŵe m’chiboo chokulirapo chokhala pamwamba. Pamene maso ake anazoloŵera kupenya mumdimamo, anawona nsupa khumi zazitali zondanda ku zipupa za phangalo, ndi zidutswa za mbiya zophwanyika ziri mbwe pansi pa mathanthwe omwe anagweramo.

Zambiri mwa nsupazo zidali zopanda kanthu, koma imodzi idali ndi mipukutu itatu, iŵiri idakutidwa ndi nsalu. Iye anawatenga malembo apamanjawo nabwerera nawo kumsasa wa Abedouin nawasiya kumeneko pafupifupi kwa mwezi umodzi, akulenjekeka m’thumba pa nsanamira ya hema. Potsirizira pake, Abedouin ena anapereka mipukutuyo ku Betelehemu kukawona kuti ingagulidwe ndalama zingati. Abedouin amenewo anapitikitsidwa mopanda ulemu pamene anafika panyumba ina yachipembedzo, nauzidwa kuti mipukutuyo inali yachabechabe. Wamalonda wina ananena kuti malembo apamanjawo analibe phindu la zofukulidwa m’mabwinja ndipo anakaikira kuti mwina adabedwa ku sunagoge Wachiyuda. Ha, iye anali wolakwa chotani nanga! M’kupita kwanthaŵi, pothandizidwa ndi wonenerera malonda Wachisuri, mtengo wake unakhazikitsidwa moyenerera. Posapita nthaŵi, malembo apamanja ena anaikiridwa mtengo.

Zina za zolembedwa zamakedzana zimenezi zinapereka chidziŵitso chatsopano m’zochita za zipembedzo za Chiyuda pafupifupi m’nthaŵi ya Kristu. Koma anali malembo apamanja a Baibulo a mneneri Yesaya omwe anachititsa chidwi dziko. Chifukwa ninji?

Mphotho Yaikulu

Mpukutu wa Yesaya wotumbidwa chatsopanowo poyambirira udali wautali wa mamita 7.5. Unapangidwa ndi masamba 17 a chikopa chanyama chopunthidwa bwino, chosalazidwa bwino ngati pepala lolimba. Uwo unalinganizidwa mosamalitsa kwenikweni, popeza unali wopangidwa ndi madanga 54 lirilonse lokhala ndi mizera pafupifupi 30. Wolemba waluso analemba m’mizera imeneyi, akuika zolembedwa zake m’ndime.​—Onani chithunzithunzi.

Mpukutuwo sunakulungidwe ku mitengo, ndipo unali wakuda chakapati pamene manja ambiri anagwira powaŵerenga. Unali wong’ambika kwenikweni, ndikusokedwanso mwaukatswiri ndipo misoko yolumikizira ikuwoneka. Kusungika bwino kwake kunali kaamba kobisidwa mosamalitsa m’nsupa. Kodi uwo ngwaphindu motani kwa katswiri wa Baibulo, ndi kwa tonsefe?

Malembo apamanja a mneneri Yesaya ameneŵa ngakale kwa zaka chikwi chimodzi kuposa ena alionse okhalapobe, komabe zamkati mwake sizosiyana kwambiri. Profesa Millar Burrows, mkonzi wa malemba omwe anafalitsidwa mu 1950 anati: “Malemba a Yesaya m’malembo apamanja ameneŵa, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu m’kalembedwe ndi galamala ndi mbali zina zambiri zosiyanasiyana zokondweretsa ndi zofunika mofananamo, ngofanana kwakukulukulu ndi aja operekedwa pambuyo pake mu MT [Masoretic Hebrew Text].”a Chofunikanso kudziŵa ndicho kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kosasintha Zilembo Zinayi, יהוה, dzina loyera la Mulungu, Yehova, m’Chihebri.

Malembo Ena Apamanja Amtengo Wapatali

Dzina la Mulungu limapezekanso m’malembo ena apamanja ochokera m’phanga limodzimodzilo, tsopano lotchedwa Phanga 1. M’ndemanga yoperekedwa pa bukhu la Habakuku, Zilembo Zinayizo zimapezeka kanayi m’zilembo za Zachihebri chakale, kalembedwe kakale kosiyana ndi kalembedwe kozoloŵereka Kachihebri.​—Onani mawu amtsinde pa Habakuku 1:9, Reference Bible.

M’phangamo munapezekanso mbali za mpukutu wina wa Yesaya, limodzi ndi zidutswa zina zachikopa za bukhu la Baibulo la Danieli. Chimodzi cha izi chimasonyezabe kusintha kochokera m’Chihebri kupita m’Chiaramu pa Danieli 2:4, monga momwe inapezekera m’malembo apamanja a zaka chikwi chimodzi pambuyo pake.

Mbali zazing’ono za mipukutuyo zosungidwa bwino tsopano zimasonyezedwa m’Yerusalemu, m’malo osungira zinthu zamakedzana otchedwa Shrine of the Book. Malo osungira zinthu zamakedzana ameneŵa ngapansi, chotero pamene mufikako, mumakhala ndi lingaliro lakuloŵa ku phanga. Mbali yapamwamba ya malo osungira zinthu zamakedzanawo njampangidwe wonga chivundikiro cha nsupa yadongo mmene Mpukutu wa Yesaya wa Kunyanja Yakufa unatumbidwa. Chikhalirechobe, chimene mungowona ndi chitsanzo cha malembo apamanja enieni a Yesaya. Mpukutu weniewi wamtengo wakewo ngwosungika m’chipinda chosungiramo chapafupi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

Mwa chilolezo cha The British Museum

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Israel Antiquities Authority; The Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum; D. Samuel and Jeanne H. Gottesman Center for Biblical Manuscripts