Nchifukwa Ninji Kudalirana Kukuvuta?
‘KODI masiku ano ungakhulupirirenso munthu?’ Mwina mwamvapo anthu ena akufunsa funso lotere ena atawakhumudwitsa. Kapena mwinanso inuyo mwafunsapo mutakhumudwa ndi zimene zinakuchitikirani panthaŵi ina.
Ndithudi, padziko lonse anthu sakukhulupiriranso mabungwe kapena anthu anzawo. Kaŵirikaŵiri, kusadalirana kumeneku nkomveka. Kodi munthu angalingalire kuti atsogoleri ambiri andale adzakwaniritsa malonjezo awo onse amene anapanga pokonzekera chisankho? Kufufuza kochitidwa ku Germany mu 1990 pa ana a sukulu 1,000 kunasonyeza kuti pamene kuli kwakuti 16.5 peresenti ya iwo anali ndi chidaliro chakuti atsogoleri andale angathetse mavuto a dziko lapansi, oŵirikiza kaŵiri a iwo anali kukayikira kwambiri. Ndipo ochuluka a iwo anati sanali kukhulupirira kuti atsogoleri andale angakhale ndi mphamvu yothetsa mavuto ngakhale kukhala ofunitsitsa kutero.
Nyuzipepala ya Stuttgarter Nachrichten inadandaula kuti: “Atsogoleri andale ambiri choyamba amaganizira za zokhumba zawo ndipo kenaka, mwinamwake, za aja amene anawasankha.” Anthu m’maiko ena amavomereza zimenezi. Posimba za dziko lina, nyuzipepala ya The European inati: “Nkoyenerera kuti achinyamata amatsutsa atsogoleri andale ndipo anthu akuluakulu amagwirizana nawo.” Inatinso ‘kaŵirikaŵiri oponya voti sachisankhanso chipani chimene chinali kulamulira.’ Nyuzipepalayo inawonjeza kuti: “Aliyense amene angacheze ndi achinyamata [kumeneko] angazindikire mofulumira kuti iwo alibe chidaliro, ndi kuti akusoŵa potsamira.” Komatu, boma la demokalase lingachite zochepa ngati anthu sakulikhulupirira. Pulezidenti wakale wa ku United States John F. Kennedy ananenapo kuti: “Boma labwino lagona pa kudaliridwa ndi anthu.”
Ponena za chidaliro m’zachuma, kusintha kwa mwadzidzidzi kwa zachuma ndi kulephereka kwa njira zolemerera mwachangu kwapangitsa anthu ambiri kukhala okayikira. Pamene malonda m’misika ikuluikulu ya padziko lonse ankasinthasintha mitengo kwambiri mu October 1997, magazini ina inasimba za “kusadalirana kodabwitsa ndipo nthaŵi zina kosamvetsetseka” ndi za “kufalikira kwa kusadalirana.” Inanenanso kuti “anthu ataya chidaliro chawo [m’dziko lina la ku Asia] kwakuti ulamuliro umene ulipo . . . ukukayikitsa ngati udzapitirira.” Mwachidule, inanena zomwe nzodziŵika bwino kuti: “Chuma chimadalira pa kudalirana.”
Chipembedzo nacho chikulephera kulimbikitsa kudalirana. Magazini yachipembedzo ya ku Germany yotchedwa Christ in der Gegenwart modandaula inati: “Chidaliro chimene anthu anali nacho pa Tchalitchi chikuzirala.” Kuchokera mu 1986 kufikira mu 1992, chiŵerengero cha Ajeremani amene anali ndi chidaliro chachikulu, kapena amene ankasonyezako chidaliro ndithu, pa tchalitchi chinatsika kuchoka pa 40 peresenti kufika pa 33 peresenti. Ndipotu, kumene kale kunali ku East Germany, chinatsika kwambiri moti sichimakwana 20 peresenti. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, chiŵerengero cha anthu amene anali ndi chidaliro chochepa kapena amene analibiretu chidaliro pa tchalitchi chinakwera kuchoka pa 56 peresenti kufika pa 66 peresenti kumene kale kunali ku West Germany ndipo chinafika pa 71 peresenti kumene kale kunali ku East Germany.
Kuzirala kwa chidaliro kukuonekanso m’nkhani zina zosakhudzana ndi ndale, chuma, ndi chipembedzo—mbali zikuluzikulu zitatu zochirikiza anthu. Chitsanzo china ndicho kusungitsa malamulo. Kusatsatira njira zolangira apandu, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo moyenerera, ndi zigamulo za khoti zokayikitsa zapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi chidaliro chogwedera. Malinga ndi magazini ya Time, “kukhumudwa kwa nzika ndiponso apolisi kwawapangitsa kusadaliranso dongosolo limene mobwerezabwereza limamasula apandu oopsa.” Anthu atayanso chidaliro ngakhale mwa apolisi chifukwa cha katangale ndi nkhanza zawo.
Ponena za ndale m’maiko osiyanasiyana, kulekeza zokambirana za mtendere ndi kuswa mapangano oleka nkhondo kwapangitsa kusadalirana. Bill Richardson, kazembe woimira dziko la United States ku bungwe la United Nations, analoza cholepheretsa chachikulu kuti ku Middle East kukhale mtendere mwakungonena kuti: “Pali kusadalirana.”
Pankhaninso zaumwini, anthu ochuluka alibe chidaliro ngakhale mwa achibale ndi mabwenzi awo enieniwo, amene amatithandiza pamavuto ndi kutitonthoza. Nzofanana ndi mkhalidwe umene mneneri wachihebri Mika anaulongosola kuti: “Musakhulupirira bwenzi, musatama bwenzi loyanja; usamtsegulire pakhomo pakamwa pako, ngakhale kwa iye wogona m’fukato mwako.”—Mika 7:5.
Chizindikiro cha Nthaŵi
Katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Germany Arthur Fischer posachedwapa anati: “Chidaliro chakuti anthu adzatukuka ndi cha tsogolo la munthu mwini pankhani iliyonse chazirala. Achinyamata amakayikira ngati mabungwe osiyanasiyana angawathandize. Chidaliro chawo chimafika potheratu, kaya ndi pa zandale, chipembedzo, kapena gulu lina lililonse.” Nzosadabwitsa kuti katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu Ulrich Beck ananena za “mtundu wa anthu okayikira” maulamuliro, mabungwe, ndi akatswiri okhalapo kwanthaŵi yaitali.
Anthu a mtundu wotero, amatsutsa ndipo savomereza ulamuliro uliwonse, amangochita zimene amaganiza. Amapanga zosankha mosagwiritsira ntchito uphungu kapena malangizo a ena. Anthu ena pamene akuchita zinthu ndi amene amawaona kuti sangawakhulupirirenso, amawakayikira kwambiri, mwinanso kumachita zinthu mosawalingalira. Mzimu umenewu umachirikiza mavuto, ngati amene anafotokozedwa m’Baibulo kuti: “Masiku otsiriza zidzafika nthaŵi zoŵaŵitsa. Pakuti anthu adzakhala odzikonda okha, okonda ndalama, odzitamandira, odzikuza, amwano, osamvera akuwabala, osayamika, osayera mtima, opanda chikondi chachibadwidwe, osayanjanitsika, akudyerekeza, osakhoza kudziletsa, aukali, osakonda abwino, achiŵembu, aliuma olimbirira, otukumuka mtima, okonda zokondweretsa munthu, osati okonda Mulungu; akukhala nawo maonekedwe a chipembedzo, koma mphamvu yake adaikana.” (2 Timoteo 3:1-5; Miyambo 18:1) Zoonadi, kusadalirana kumene kulipo lerolino ndi chizindikiro cha nthaŵiyi, chizindikiro cha “masiku otsiriza.”
Moyo sungasangalatse kwenikweni m’dziko limene kudalirana kukuvuta ndi limenenso ladzala ndi anthu onga amene afotokozedwa pamwambawo. Koma kodi nkoyenera kuganiza kuti zinthu zidzasintha? Kodi kusadalirana kwalerolinoku kungathetsedwe? Ngati nzotheka, zingachitike motani ndipo liti?