Osauka Akusaukirasaukirabe
“Palibe dziko limene lingakhale lotukuka ndi losangalala, pamene anthu ake ambiri ndi osauka ndi osasangalala.”
KATSWIRI wa zachuma Adam Smith ananena mawu ameneŵa m’zaka za m’ma 1700. Anthu ambiri akuvomereza kuti zimene ananenazo ndi zoona ndipo zimenezi zikuoneka bwino masiku ano. Kusiyana kwa anthu olemera ndi osauka kwakula kwambiri. Ku Philippines, munthu mmodzi mwa anthu atatu alionse amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosakwana dola imodzi patsiku, ndalama zimene nthaŵi zambiri amazipeza m’mphindi zochepa kumayiko olemera. Lipoti la bungwe la United Nations lotchedwa Human Development Report 2002 linati, ‘ndalama zimene anthu 5 mwa anthu 100 alionse olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali nazo n’zoposa kuŵirikiza ka 114 ndalama zimene anthu 5 mwa anthu 100 alionse osauka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali nazo.’
Anthu ochepa amakhala moyo wabwinoko pamene ambiri amakhala pamalo mopanda chilolezo ndipo amamanga zisakasa paliponse pamene angathe. Ndipo ena ndi zimenezo zomwe alibe; amakhala m’misewu ndipo pamene amagona amayalapo katoni kapena pepala lapulasitiki. Ambiri amachita kuvutikira kuti apeze zinthu zofunika pa moyo. Amatoleza m’madzala, kunyamula katundu wolemera, kapena kutolera zinthu pa wilibala zoti akazigwiritsenso ntchito.
Kusiyana pakati pa anthu olemera ndi osauka sikuli m’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene okha. Malinga ndi kunena kwa bungwe la World Bank, “m’mayiko onse mumapezeka anthu osauka.” Kaya anthu ena akhale olemera chotani, zoona zake n’zakuti kuyambira ku Bangladesh mpaka ku United States, kuli anthu amene akuvutika kuti angopeza chakudya chokwanira kapena malo ogona. Magazini ya The New York Times inagwira mawu lipoti la m’chaka cha 2001 la United States Census Bureau losonyeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka ku United States kukuwonjezeka. Lipotilo linati: ‘Pa ndalama zonse zimene anthu anapeza m’chaka cha 2001, zokwana 50 peresenti zinapita kwa anthu 20 mwa anthu 100 alionse olemera kwambiri . . . Pamene anthu 20 mwa anthu 100 alionse osauka kwambiri analandira ndalama zosakwana 4 peresenti mwa ndalama zimenezi.’ Moyo wa anthu ndi wofanana kapena woipa kuposa pamenepa m’mayiko enanso ambiri. Lipoti la World Bank linasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 57 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosakwana madola aŵiri patsiku.
Zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri m’chaka cha 2002 pamene anthu ambiri anasokonezeka ndi malipoti a akuluakulu a makampani amene analemera m’njira zokayikitsa. Ngakhale kuti sanachite kuphwanyiratu malamulo, anthu ambiri anaganiza kuti akuluakulu a makampani ameneŵa, monga mmene inanenera magazini ya Fortune, “ankalemera monyanyira komanso mwadyera.” Poganizira zimene zikuchitika m’dzikoli, ena amadabwa kuti kodi zimatheka bwanji anthu ena kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri zochita kukanika kuŵerenga choterezi pamene anthu ambiri akuvutika ndi umphaŵi.
Kodi Umphaŵi Sudzatha?
Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe amene akuchitapo kanthu pa nkhani ya kuvutika kwa anthu osauka. Anthu akufuna kwabwino ogwira ntchito za boma ndi mabungwe ena othandiza anthu ayesetsa kuti zinthu zisinthe. Koma zimene zikuchitika n’zosalimbikitsabe. Ngakhale kuti anthu ayesetsa mwakhama kuti zinthu zisinthe, lipoti lotchedwa Human Development Report 2002 linati: “Mayiko ambiri ndi osauka kwambiri kuposa mmene analili zaka 10, kapena 20 ndipo nthaŵi zina 30 zapitazo.”
Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti anthu osauka alibe chiyembekezo? Tikukupemphani kuti muŵerenge nkhani yotsatirayi kuti muone nzeru zina zimene zingathandize panopa ndiponso njira zimene mwina munali musanaziganizirepo.