“Khazikika Numvetsere!”

Kupirira Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo ndi Kukangalikitsa

“Masiku onse, Jim anali kunena kuti Cal anali chabe mwana wopusa ndi kuti ngati ife—kutanthauza ineyo—timlanga adzawongokera. Tsono panali dokotala wina amene anatiuza kuti sichinali chifukwa changa, chathu, cha mphunzitsi wa Cal: panali cholakwika ndithu ndi kamlumbwana kathu.”

CAL ali ndi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo ndi Kukangalikitsa) (ADHD), mkhalidwe wa kusasumika maganizo, kusakhazikika, ndi kukangalikitsa. Akuti ana opita kusukulu okwanira ngati 3 mpaka 5 peresenti ali ndi nthendayi. “Maganizo awo ali ngati TV yokhala ndi mabatani osokonezeka osankhira masiteshoni,” akutero Priscilla L. Vail, katswiri pazakuphunzira. “Malingaliro awo amaloŵana, popanda dongosolo kapena kudziletsa.”

Tiyeni tipende zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu za ADHD.

Kusasumika maganizo: Mwana wa ADHD satha kusankha mfundo zosafunika m’maganizo mwake ndi kuwasumika pankhani imodzi. Chifukwa chake, amachenjeneka msanga ndi zinthu zina zimene waona, kumva, ndi kununkhiza. Amakhala akumvetsera, koma palibe nchimodzi chomwe chimene chimamkopa pamene ali. Satha kusankha chimene ayenera kusumikapo maganizo kwambiri.

Kusakhazikika: Mwana wa ADHD amachita zinthu asanaganize, samalingalira zotsatira zake. Amakhala wosakonzeka ndi wosaganiza bwino, ndipo nthaŵi zina zochita zake zimakhala zangozi. “Amathamangira mumsewu, kukwera mpanda, kukwera mtengo,” akulemba motero Dr. Paul Wender. “Chotero amakhala ndi zilonda zambiri, mikwingwirima, mopereseka mwambiri, ndipo amapitapita kwa dokotala.”

Kukangalikitsa: Ana okangalikitsa amatakataka nthaŵi zonse. Satha kukhazikika. “Ngakhale atakula,” analemba motero Dr. Gordon Serfontein m’buku lakuti The Hidden Handicap, “mudzapeza kuti miyendo, mapazi, mikono, manja, milomo kapena lilime zimayendayenda mwanjira ina yake mutayang’anitsitsa bwino.”

Komabe, ana ena amene alephera kusumika maganizo ndipo ali osakhazikika saali okangalikitsa. Matenda awo nthaŵi zina amangotchedwa Attention Deficit Disorder (Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo), kapena ADD. Dr. Ronald Goldberg akufotokoza kuti ADD “angakhale nayo popandiratu kukangalikitsa. Kapena angakhalenso nayo ndi mlingo uliwonse wakukangalikitsa—kuyambira kosaoneka kwenikweni, ndiyeno kokwiyitsa, mpaka kogwetsa ulesi.”

Kodi Chimachititsa ADHD Nchiyani?

Kwazaka zambiri, kwanenedwa kuti zochititsa mavuto a kusumika maganizo nzambiri, kuyambira kusalera bwino ana ngakhalenso magetsi amachubu. Tsopano akuti chochititsa ADHD ndicho kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zina za ubongo. Mu 1990 National Institute of Mental Health inapima akulu 25 osonyeza zizindikiro za ADHD ndipo inapeza kuti anali kugwiritsira ntchito glucose mochedwa kwambiri m’mbali za ubongo zimene zimatsogoza kayendedwe ndi kusumika maganizo. Mwa amene ali ndi ADHD okwanira ngati 40 peresenti, mpangidwe wa majini a munthu ukuoneka kuti umachititsanso zimenezo. Malinga ndi The Hyperactive Child Book, zina zimene zingachititse ADHD ndizo kumwa zoledzeretsa kapena mankhwala pamene mayi ali ndi mimba, kuloŵedwa mtovu, ndipo, nthaŵi zina, zakudya.

Wazaka za Kusinkhuka Ndiponso Mkulu wa ADHD

Zaka zaposachedwa madokotala apeza kuti ADHD siili chabe nthenda ya paubwana. “Kambiri,” akutero Dr. Larry Silver, “makolo amadza ndi mwana kuti timchiritse ndipo amati, ‘Inenso ndinali tere pamene ndinali wamng’ono.’ Ndiyeno amavomera kuti kumawavuta kuyembekezera mumzere, kukhazikika pamsonkhano wonse, kuchita zinthu.” Tsopano iwo akhulupirira kuti okwanira ngati theka la ana a ADHD amaloŵa nazo zina za zizindikiro zawo m’zaka za kusinkhuka mpaka uchikulire.

Pazaka za kusinkhuka, amene ali ndi ADHD angachoke pakhalidwe langozi nakhala opulupudza. “Ndinali kuda nkhaŵa kuti mwina iye sadzapita kukoleji,” akutero mayi wina wa mwana wazaka za kusinkhuka amene ali ndi ADHD. “Tsopano ndikungopemphera kuti asakaloŵe m’ndende.” Zakuti nkhaŵa yotero njomveka zikusonyezedwa ndi kufufuza koyerekeza anyamata okangalikitsa 103 ndi gulu la ana 100 amene analibe nthendayo. “Atafika kuchiyambi kwa zaka zawo za m’ma 20,” ikutero Newsweek, “ana a m’gulu la okangalikitsa anafika poti angakhale ndi mbiri yogwidwa kaŵiri kuposa enawo, kupezeka ndi milandu yaikulu kasanu ndi kuloŵa m’ndende kasanu ndi kanayi.”

Kwa wamkulu, ADHD imadzetsa mavuto apadera. Dr. Edna Copeland akuti: “Mnyamata wokangalikitsa angadzakhale wachikulire amene amasinthasintha ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito kambiri, kuwonongera nthaŵi pazachabe tsiku lonse ndi wosakhazikika.” Pamene chochititsa sichikudziŵika, zizindikirozo zingasokoneze ukwati. “Pakulankhulana wamba,” akutero mkazi wina wa mwamuna wa ADHD, “sanali kumva zonse zimene ndinali kukamba. Nthaŵi zonse anali kuchita ngati ali kwina.”

Inde, mikhalidwe imeneyi anthu ambiri ali nayo—pamlingo wakutiwakuti ndithu. “Muyenera kufunsa ngati zizindikirozo akhala nazo nthaŵi zonse,” akutero Dr. George Dorry. Mwachitsanzo, iye akuti ngati mwamunayo anayamba kuiŵalaiŵala kungoyambira pamene anamchotsa ntchito kapena pamene mkazi wake anakhala ndi mwana, limenelo si vuto ayi.

Ndiponso, ngati munthu ali nayodi ADHD, zizindikiro zake zimakhudza zonse—ndiko kuti, zimakhudza pafupifupi mbali zonse za moyo wake. Zinali choncho kwa Gary wazaka 38 zakubadwa, mwamuna waluntha, ndi wanyonga amene anali kulephera kumaliza ntchito imodzi popanda kuchenjeneka. Waloŵapo kale ntchito zoposa 120. “Ndinangokhutira ndi lingaliro lakuti sindidzakhoza ayi,” anatero. Koma Gary ndi ena ambiri—ana, azaka za kusinkhuka, ndi akulu—athandizidwa kupirira ADHD. Motani?

Kugonjetsa Vutolo

ZAKA zambiri zapitazi kwanenedwa kuti pali njira zochiritsa ADHD. Njira zina zimenezi zazikidwa pazakudya. Komabe, zofufuza zina zikusonyeza kuti nthaŵi zambiri zokoleretsa chakudya sizimachititsa kukangalikitsa ndi kuti kaŵirikaŵiri machiritso a kadyedwe sathandiza. Njira zina zochiritsa ADHD ndizo mankhwala, behavior modification (kuumba khalidwe), cognitive training (kuphunzitsa kuzindikira).a

Mankhwala. Popeza kuoneka kuti kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ubongo kungachititse ADHD, mankhwala olinganiza bwino makemikolo ake athandiza ambiri.b Komabe, mankhwala samatenga malo a kuphunzira. Amangothandiza mwana kusumika maganizo ake, kumpatsa maziko ophunzirira maluso atsopano.

Akulu ambiri a ADHD athandizidwanso ndi mankhwala. Komabe, kusamala kuli bwino—kwa ana ndi akulu—pakuti mankhwala ena othandiza kuwongokera ochiritsa ADHD angakhale omwerekeretsa.

Kuumba khalidwe. ADHD ya mwana siimalanda makolo thayo la kumlanga. Ngakhale kuti mwana angakhale ndi zosoŵa zapadera pambaliyi, Baibulo limalangiza makolo kuti: “Phunzitsa mwana poyamba njira yake; ndipo angakhale atakalamba sadzachokamo.” (Miyambo 22:6) M’buku lake lakuti Your Hyperactive Child, Barbara Ingersoll akuti: “Kholo limene limangosiya ndi kulekerera ‘kupulupudza’ kwa mwana wake wokangalikitsa silimamthandiza mwanayo ayi. Monga mwana wina aliyense, mwana wokangalikitsayo afunika chilango chopitiriza ndiponso kumlemekeza mwanayo monga munthu. Zimenezi zimafuna malire odziŵika bwino ndi kumpatsa mphotho ndi chilango choyenera.”

Chifukwa chake nkofunika kwambiri kuti makolo akhazikitse dongosolo lolimba. Ndiponso, payenera kukhala programu yokhwima ya zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Makolo angasankhe kupatsako mwanayo ufulu wopanga ndandanda imeneyi, kuphatikizapo nthaŵi ya homuweki, kuŵerenga, kusamba, choncho basi. Ndiyeno itsatireni mosamalitsa. Tsimikizani kuti akuitsatira programu ya tsiku ndi tsiku imeneyo. Phi Delta Kappan ikuti: “Madokotala, akatswiri a zamaganizo, akuluakulu a sukulu, ndi aphunzitsi ali ndi thayo kwa mwanayo ndi kwa makolo a mwanayo lofotokoza kuti kukhala ndi ADD kapena ADHD sikumapereka ufulu wochitira zilizonse, koma m’malo mwake kumakhala chifukwa choperekera thandizo loyenera kwa mwana wokhudzidwayo.”

Kuphunzitsa kuzindikira. Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kuthandiza mwanayo kusintha njira imene amadzionera iye mwini ndi matenda ake. “Anthu amene ali ndi nthenda ya kusasumika maganizo ‘amadziyesa oipa, opusa, ndi osayenera’ ngakhale ngati ali okongola, aluntha, ndi okoma mtima,” akutero Dr. Ronald Goldberg. Chifukwa chake, mwana wa ADD kapena ADHD afunika kukhala ndi lingaliro loyenera paulemu wake, ndipo afunika kudziŵa kuti kuvutika kwake posumika maganizo angakulamulire. Izi nzofunika makamaka pazaka za kusinkhuka. Munthu wa ADHD atafika pazaka zaunyamata, angakhale atamsuliza kwambiri anzake, aphunzitsi, abale ake, ndipo mwina ndi makolo ake. Tsopano afunika kuika zonulirapo zotheka ndi kudzipima bwino iye mwini osati moipa.

Njira zotchulidwazo zochiritsira zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi akulu a ADHD. “Masinthidwe ngofunika malinga ndi msinkhu wa munthu,” akutero Dr. Goldberg, “koma maziko ake a machiritsowo—mankhwala ngati ali ofunika, kuumba khalidwe, ndi kuphunzitsa [kuzindikira]—ndiwo njira zoona pamsinkhu uliwonse.”

Kumchirikiza

John, atate wake a mwana womasinkhuka wa ADHD, akuti kwa makolo amene ali mumkhalidwe wonga wawo: “Phunzirani zonse zomwe mungathe ponena za vutoli. Sankhani zinthu modziŵa. Koposa zonse, mkondeni mwana wanu, mlimbikitseni. Kusadziŵerengera kumawononga mzimu wake.”

Kuti mwana wa ADHD amchirikize mokwanira, makolo onse aŵiri ayenera kugwirizana. Dr. Gordon Serfontein m’buku lake akuti mwana wa ADHD afunika “kudziŵa kuti amamkonda panyumba ndi kuti chikondicho chimachokera pakukondana kwa makolo ake.” (Kanyenye ngwathu.) Mwatsoka lake, chikondi chotero sichimasonyezedwa nthaŵi zina. Dr. Serfontein akupitiriza kuti: “Pali umboni wosakanika wakuti m’banja limene muli [mwana wa ADHD], muli kusokonezeka ndi kunyonyotsoka kwa ukwati kwakukulu kuposa m’banja labwino.” Kuti atate aletse msokonezo umenewo, ayenera kuthandiza kwambiri pakulera mwana wa ADHD. Thayo limenelo siliyenera kukhala la mayi yekha.—Aefeso 6:4; 1 Petro 3:7.

Mabwenzi apamtima, ngakhale sali a m’banjalo, angachirikize kwambiri. Motani? “Khalani okoma mtima,” akutero John, wogwidwa mawu poyamba. “Musazingoona maonekedwe akunja. Fikani pakumdziŵa mwanayo. Lankhulaninso ndi makolo ake. Kodi zinthu zikuwayendera bwanji? Kodi akulimbana ndi zotani tsiku ndi tsiku?”—Miyambo 17:17.

Ziŵalo za mpingo wachikristu zingathandize kwambiri kuchirikiza mwana wa ADHD ndi makolo ake omwe. Motani? Mwa kusafuna zochuluka kwa iwo. (Afilipi 4:5) Nthaŵi zina, mwana wa ADHD angapulupudze. M’malo molankhula mopanda chifundo kuti, “Bwanji simukumlamulira mwana wanu?” kapena kuti “Bwanji osangomlanga?” wokhulupirira mnzawo wozindikira adzadziŵa kuti mwina makolowo angakhale atathedwa kale nzeru ndi ntchito yovuta yolera mwana wa ADHD. Inde, makolo ayenera kuchita zomwe angathe kuti alamulire khalidwe lopulupudza la mwana wawo. Ngakhale ndi tero, m’malo molankhula kwa iwo mwaukali, apabanja la chikhulupiriro ayesetse ‘kuwachitira chifundo’ ndi ‘kuwadalitsa.’ (1 Petro 3:8, 9) Indedi, kaŵirikaŵiri Mulungu “atonthoza odzichepetsa” mwa chifundo cha okhulupirira anzawo.—2 Akorinto 7:5-7.

Ophunzira Baibulo akudziŵa kuti kupanda ungwiro konse kwa munthu, kuphatikizapo mavuto a kusakhoza kuphunzira ndi ADHD, zinachokera kwa munthu woyamba, Adamu. (Aroma 5:12) Akudziŵanso kuti Mlengi, Yehova, adzakwaniritsa lonjezo lake lobweretsa dziko latsopano lolungama limene simudzakhalanso matenda osautsa. (Yesaya 33:24; Chivumbulutso 21:1-4) Lonjezo limeneli limapereka chichirikizo chodalirika kwa okhudzidwa ndi nthenda zonga ADHD. “Msinkhu, kumphunzitsa, ndi zochitika zikumthandiza mwana wathu wamwamuna kumvetsa nthenda yake ndi kuilamulira,” akutero John. “Koma sadzachiriratu m’dongosolo lino la zinthu. Chimene chimatitonthoza tsiku ndi tsiku nchakuti m’dziko latsopano, Yehova adzachiritsa nthenda ya mwana wathu ndi kumtheketsa kusangalala ndi moyo wachimwemwe.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Mawu Ochenjeza Makolo

PAFUPIFUPI ana onse nthaŵi zina amakhala osamvetsera, osakhazikika, ndi okangalikitsa. Sikuti nthaŵi iliyonse imene ali ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi ndiye kuti ali ndi ADHD. M’buku lake lakuti Before It’s Too Late, Dr. Stanton E. Samenow akuti: “Ndaona zikuchitika nthaŵi zambiri kuti mwana amene sakufuna kuchita kanthu amamlekerera chifukwa choganiza kuti ali ndi chilema kapena khalidwe lina limene silili mlandu wake.”

Dr. Richard Bromfield akuonanso kufunika kwake kwa kusamala. “Inde, anthu ena opezeka ndi ADHD ali ndi chilema m’minyewa ya ubongo ndipo afunika mankhwala,” akutero m’buku lake. “Komanso akuti nthendayo ndiyo imachititsa nkhanza zamtundu uliwonse, zinyengo, kunyalanyaza zinthu ndi khalidwe lopanda mwambo zimene nthaŵi zambiri sizigwirizana ndi ADHD. Kwenikweni, kusoŵa mwambo m’moyo wamakono​—⁠chiwawa chopanda tanthauzo, kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa anamgoneka ndiponso, nyumba zopanda dongosolo ndi zachipolowe pang’ono⁠—​kukhoza kusonkhezera kwambiri kusakhazikika konga kwa ADHD kuposa chilema chilichonse cha m’minyewa ya ubongo.”

Chotero Dr. Ronald Goldberg ali ndi chifukwa chabwino potsutsa kugwiritsira ntchito ADHD monga “njira yopulumukira.” Akupereka uphungu wakuti “tsimikizani kuti mwapima zonse zofunikira musanagamule.” Zizindikiro zimene zifanana ndi ADHD zingasonyeze zovuta za m’thupi ndi za mtima zilizonse. Chifukwa chake pafunikira thandizo la dokotala wachidziŵitso pofuna kudziŵa zenizeni.

Ngakhale nthendayo itapezeka, makolo angachite bwino kupenda ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake kwa mankhwala. Ritalin imathetsa zizindikiro zoipa, komanso imakhala ndi ziyambukiro zake zoipanso, monga kusaona tulo, nkhaŵa yaikulu, ndi mantha. Chifukwa chake, Dr. Richard Bromfield akuchenjeza za kufulumira kupatsa mwana mankhwala ongothetsa zizindikiro zake chabe. “Ana ochuluka, ndi akulu ambirimbiri, akupatsidwa Ritalin mosayenera,” akutero. “Malinga ndi zimene ndidziŵa, ntchito ya Ritalin ikuoneka kuti kwenikweni imadalira pa kukhoza kwawo makolo, ndi aphunzitsi kulolera khalidwe la mwana. Pali ana amene ndikudziŵa omwe apatsidwa yambiri kungoti akhazikike m’malo mosamalira zosoŵa zawo.”

Chifukwa chake makolo sayenera kufulumira kwambiri kunena kuti ana awo ali ndi ADHD kapena vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira. M’malo mwake, azipenda umboni bwinobwino, mothandizidwa ndi katswiri waluso. Ngati zapezeka kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira kapena ADHD, makolo ayenera kupatula nthaŵi yodziŵira bwino vutolo kuti athe kuchita zokomera ana awo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 30]

Mwana wa ADHD afunika chilango chokoma mtima komanso chopitiriza

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

Kumthokoza makolo kumathandiza kwambiri