Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga
Ndikudziŵa kuti liwu lachigiriki lakuti “toʹte” (pamenepo) limagwiritsiridwa ntchito kudziŵikitsa zimene zikutsatira. Chotero nchifukwa ninji Mateyu 24:9 amati: “Pamenepo [“toʹte”] adzakuperekani kunsautso,” pamene nkhani imodzimodziyo pa Luka 21:12 imati: ‘Koma zisanachitike izi, anthu adzakuthirani manja, nadzakuzunzani’?
Nzoona kuti toʹte angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kudziŵikitsa chimene chikutsatira, chimene chili pakati pa zinthu zotsatizana, titero kunena kwake. Koma tisaganize kuti imeneyi ndiyo njira yokha imene Baibulo limagwiritsira ntchito liwulo.
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, yolembedwa ndi Bauer, Arndt, ndi Gingrich, imasonyeza kuti liwulo toʹte limagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi matanthauzo aakulu aŵiri m’Malemba.
Loyamba ndilo “panthaŵiyo.” Zimenezi zingatanthauze “pomwepo wa nthaŵi yapita.” Chitsanzo chake chikupezeka pa Mateyu 2:17: “Pomwepo chinachitidwa chonenedwa ndi Yeremiya mneneri.” Izi sizikunena za chinthu chimene chili pakati pa zochitika zotsatizana koma zikusonyeza nthaŵi yakutiyakuti yakale, panthaŵiyo. Momwemonso, toʹte angagwiritsiridwe ntchito ponena za “pomwepo wamtsogolo.” Chitsanzo chimodzi chikupezeka pa 1 Akorinto 13:12: ‘Pakuti tsopano tipenya m’kalirole, ngati chimbuuzi; koma pomwepo maso ndi maso. Tsopano ndizindikira mderamdera; koma pomwepo ndidzazindikiratu, monganso ndazindikiridwa.’ Panopo Paulo anagwiritsira ntchito toʹte ndi tanthauzo la ‘panthaŵiyo ya mtsogolo.’
Malinga ndi dikishonale imeneyi, ntchito ina ya toʹte ndiyo “kudziŵikitsa chimene chikutsatira nthaŵiyo.” Dikishonale imeneyi imapereka zitsanzo zambiri zopezeka m’nkhani zitatu zonena za yankho la Yesu pa funso la atumwi lonena za chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwake.a Monga zitsanzo za ntchito ya toʹte ya “kudziŵikitsa chimene chikutsatira nthaŵiyo,” dikishonaleyo inasonyeza Mateyu 24:10, 14, 16, 30; Marko 13:14, 21; ndi Luka 21:20, 27. Kupenda nkhani yakeyo kumasonyeza chifukwa chimene tanthauzo lakuti chinthu chotsatira nthaŵiyo lilili lolondola. Ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kumvetsa ulosi wa Yesu wonena za mmene zinthu zamtsogolo zinali kudzachitikira.
Komabe, sitiyenera kuganiza kuti paliponse pamene toʹte akupezeka m’nkhani zimenezi ndiye kuti akudziŵikitsa chimene chikutsatira nthaŵiyo. Mwachitsanzo, pa Mateyu 24:7, 8, timaŵerenga kuti Yesu analosera kuti mtundu umodzi udzaukirana ndi mtundu wina ndi kuti kudzakhala njala ndi zivomezi. Vesi 9 likupitiriza kuti: ‘Pamenepo adzakuperekani kunsautso, nadzakuphani; ndipo anthu a mitundu yonse adzadana nanu, chifukwa cha dzina langa.’ Kodi kuli kwanzeru kuganiza kuti nkhondo zoloseredwa, njala, ndi zivomezi ziyenera kuchitika zonse, ndipo mwinamwake kulekeka, chizunzo chisanayambe?
Zimenezo sizili zanzeru, ndipo zimenezo sizikuchirikizidwa ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwake kwa m’zaka za zana loyamba komwe tikudziŵa. Nkhani ya m’buku la Machitidwe imasonyeza kuti ziŵalo za mpingo watsopano wachikristu zitangoyamba kulalikira, zinatsutsidwa kowopsa. (Machitidwe 4:5-21; 5:17-40) Sitinganene konse kuti nkhondo zonse, njala, ndi zivomezi zimene Yesu ananena zinachitika chizunzo choyambiriracho chisanayambe. Komabe, chitsutso chimenecho chinadza zinthu zina zambiri zoloseredwa “zisanachitike,” zimene zikugwirizana ndi njira imene Luka anafotokozera nkhaniyo: ‘Koma zisanachitike izi, anthu adzakuthirani manja, nadzakuzunzani.’ (Luka 21:12) Zimenezo zikusonyeza kuti pa Mateyu 24:9, toʹte wagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwenikweni ndi tanthauzo la “panthaŵiyo.” Mkati mwa nyengo ya nkhondo, njala, ndi zivomezi, kapena panthaŵiyo, otsatira a Yesu adzazunzidwa.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Nkhani zimenezi zofanana m’Mateyu, Marko, ndi Luka zinaikidwa m’madanga pamasamba 14 ndi 15 mu Nsanja ya Olonda ya February 15, 1994. Mawu omasulira toʹte kukhala “pomwepo,” anali m’zilembo zakuda zazikulu.