Thambo Lodabwitsa

‘Pakusoŵeka Chinthu China’—Chiyani?

TITAYANG’ANITSITSA nyenyezi kumwamba pausiku wamdima ndi wopanda mitambo, tiloŵa m’nyumba, tili ozizidwa ndi odabwa, tikumasinkhasinkha mozizwa ndi kukongola kwakukuluko ndi mafunso ochuluka. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuli thambo? Kodi linachokera kuti? Kodi likupita kuti? Awa ndiwo mafunso amene ambiri amayesa kuyankha.

Atamaliza zaka zisanu akumafufuza zachilengedwe, kumene kunamfikitsa kumisonkhano ya zasayansi ndi kumalo ofufuzira padziko lonse, mlembi wa zasayansi Dennis Overbye anafotokoza za kukambitsirana kwake ndi katswiri wa physics womveka padziko lonse Stephen Hawking ndiyeno anati: “Pomalizira pake ndinapeza kuti zimene ndinafuna kudziŵa kwa Hawking ndizo zimene nthaŵi zonse ndafuna kudziŵa kwa Hawking: Kumene timapita tikamwalira.”

Ngakhale kuti mawuwo akumveka achilendo, amasonyeza zambiri ponena za nyengo yathu. Mafunso saali kwenikweni pa nyenyezi ndi ziphunzitso ndi malingaliro owombana a openda chilengedwe amene amazifufuza. Anthu lerolino akulakalakabe mayankho pa mafunso wamba amene awavutitsa kwa zaka zikwi zambiri: Nchifukwa ninji tili pano? Kodi kuli Mulungu? Kodi timapita kuti tikamwalira? Kodi mayankho pa mafunso ameneŵa angapezeke kuti? Kodi angapezeke m’nyenyezi?

Mlembi wina wa zasayansi, John Boslough, anati popeza anthu asiya chipembedzo, asayansi monga ngati openda chilengedwe akhala “ansembe angwiro a nyengo yathu yosakhala yachipembedzo. Iwo, osati atsogoleri achipembedzo, akhala anthu amene akhoza kuvumbula zinsinsi za thambo pang’onopang’ono, osati mwa vumbulutso lauzimu lapanthaŵi imodzi koma mwa masamu osadziŵika kwa onse kusiyapo odzozedwawo.” Koma kodi adzavumbula zinsinsi zonse za kuthambo ndi kuyankha mafunso onse amene avutitsa anthu kwa zaka zambiri?

Kodi openda chilengedwe akuvumbula chiyani tsopano? Ochuluka amachirikiza mafotokozedwe a “maphunziro a zaumulungu” a big bang, amene akhala chipembedzo cha osapembedza cha m’nthaŵi yathu, ngakhale kuti amakangana kosaleka pa maumboni ake. “Komabe,” anatero Boslough, “chifukwa cha maumboni atsopano ndiponso owombana, chiphunzitso cha big bang chikuyamba kuoneka ngati mafotokozedwe apafupi kwambiri oyesa kupeza mmene chilengedwe chinakhalirako. Pofika kuchiyambi kwa ma 1990 chiphunzitso cha big bang . . .  chinalephereratu kuyankha mafunso ofunika apafupi kwambiri.” Anawonjezera kuti “aphunzitsi ambiri anena kuti sichidzafika ndi kumapeto a ma 1990.”

Mwina zimene openda chilengedwe akuganizira tsopano zidzakhala zenizeni, mwina sizidzatero—monga momwe mwina mapulaneti angakhale akupangikadi m’cheza chachimbuuzi cha nebula ya Orion, mwina sakutero. Choonadi chosakanika nchakuti palibe aliyense padziko lapansili amene akudziŵadi zenizeni. Pali ziphunzitso zambiri, koma openyerera oona mtima amagwirizana ndi zonena zanzeru za Margaret Geller zakuti mosasamala kanthu za zolankhula zokometsera, chinthu china chofunika chikusoŵeka m’chidziŵitso chamakono cha sayansi chonena za chilengedwe.

Chosoŵeka—Chifuno cha Kulandira Choonadi Chovuta Kuvomereza

Asayansi ambiri—kuphatikizapo openda chilengedwe—amachirikiza nthanthi ya chisinthiko. Iwo samafuna kumva nkhani yakuti luntha ndi chifuno zinali kumbuyo kwa chilengedwe, ndipo kungotchula kuti Mulungu ndiye Mlengi kumawawopsa. Samafuna ndi kuganiza zimenezo, kumene amati ndi mpatuko. Salmo 10:4 limalankhula mosereula munthu wonyada amene “sadzafunsira. Malingaliro ake onse akuti, Palibe Mulungu.” Mulungu wake wa chilengedwe ndi Mwaŵi. Koma pamene chidziŵitso chiwonjezereka ndipo mwaŵi nkufooka chifukwa cha umboni wochuluka, wasayansi mobwerezabwereza amayamba kumakana luntha ndi kulinganiza. Talingalirani zitsanzo zotsatira:

“Mbali ina mwachionekere yakhala ikusoŵeka m’maphunziro a chilengedwe. Chiyambi cha Thambo, mofanana ndi yankho la Rubik cube, chimafuna luntha,” analemba motero katswiri wa astrophysics Fred Hoyle m’buku lake lakuti The Intelligent Universe, tsamba 189.

“Pamene ndipenda kwambiri thambo ndi kufufuza za mpangidwe wake, ndimapeza umboni wambiri wakuti thambo mwanjira ina linadziŵa kuti tinali kubwera.”—Disturbing the Universe, lolembedwa ndi Freeman Dyson, tsamba 250.

“Kodi ndi mbali ziti za Thambo zimene zinali ndi thayo la kukhalako kwa zolengedwa ngati ife, ndipo kodi zinangochitika mwangozi, kapena mwa zifukwa zina zobisika, kuti Thambo lathu likhale ndi mbali zimenezi? . . . Kodi pali mbali ina imene imatsimikizira kuti Thambo linakonzedwera anthu?”—Cosmic Coincidences, lolembedwa ndi John Gribbin ndi Martin Rees, masamba xiv, 4.

Ndiponso Fred Hoyle akuthirira ndemanga pa zinthu zimenezi, patsamba 220 m’buku lake logwidwa mawu pamwambapa kuti: “Zinthu zimenezi zimapezeka kulikonse m’chilengedwe monga mpambo wa ngozi zabwino. Koma zinthu zachilendo zofunika pa moyo zimenezo zongokhalako mwangozi nzambiri kwakuti zifunikira kuzifotokoza mmene zinakhalirako.”

“Sikuti munthu chabe ndiye woyenerera thambo. Thambo limayenerera munthu. Tayerekezerani thambo mmene chimodzi kapena china cha zosasintha zazikulu za physics zosapimika chasinthidwa ndi maperesenti angapo mwa njira iliyonse? Munthu sakanakhalako m’thambo lotero. Imeneyo ndiyo mbali yofunika ya njira imene munthu anakhalirako. Malinga ndi njira imeneyi, mphamvu yopatsa moyo ndiyo magwero a kayendedwe ndi kalinganizidwe ka dziko.”—The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, lolembedwa ndi John Barrow ndi Frank Tipler, tsamba vii.

Mulungu, Kulinganiza, ndi Zosasintha za Physics

Kodi zosasintha zazikulu zimenezi za physics zofunika kuti moyo ukhaleko m’chilengedwe nzotani? Lipoti lina mu The Orange County Register ya January 8, 1995, linandandalika zosasintha zimenezi zingapo. Linasonyeza bwino lomwe mmene mbali zimenezi zilili zolingana bwino, likumati: “Ziŵerengero za unyinji wa zosasintha zazikulu zambiri zachilengedwe zimene zimapanga thambo—mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya electron, kapena liŵiro loikika la kuunika, kapena ratio ya kulimba kwa mphamvu zazikulu m’chilengedwe—nzolondola kwambiri, zina kufika pamalo 120 kuchokera pa decimal point. Kakulidwe ka thambo lopereka moyo kamatsatira kwambiri malangizo ameneŵa. Pakanakhala kusintha kwakung’ono kulikonse—monga nanosecond pano, ndi angstrom apo—chilengedwe chikanakhala chakufa ndi chopanda moyo.”

Ndiyeno mlembi wa lipoti limeneli anatchula zimene sizimatchulidwa nthaŵi zambiri: “Kukuoneka kwanzeru kwambiri kuganiza kuti chisonkhezero china chosadziŵika chili mkati mwa kakulidweko, mwina m’zochita za mphamvu yaluntha ndi yodziŵa imene inalinganiza bwino chilengedwe pokonzekera kufika kwathu.”

George Greenstein, profesa wa sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi chilengedwe, anapereka mpambo wotalikirapo wa zosasintha zachilengedwe zimenezi m’buku lake lakuti The Symbiotic Universe. Pakati pa zondandalikidwazo panali zosasintha zolinganizidwa bwino kwambiri kwakuti ngati zinali zopendeka pang’ono, palibe maatomu, palibe nyenyezi, palibe thambo, limene likanakhalako. Mafotokozedwe ozamirapo a zinthu zimenezi zolingana andandalikidwa m’bokosi limene lili m’nkhani ino. Zimenezo ziyenera kukhalako kuti moyo ukhalepo. Nzovuta ndipo mwina si oŵerenga onse amene angazimve, koma nzodziŵika, limodzi ndi zina zambiri, kwa akatswiri a astrophysics odziŵa za zimenezi.

Pamene mpambowo unatalikirapo, Greenstein anathedwa nzeru. Anati: “Zinthu zongochitika mwangozi zambiri chonchi! Nditaŵerenga kwambiri, ndinakhala wokhutira kwambiri kuti ‘zinthu zongochitika mwangozi’ zotero sizikanakhalako mwangozi ayi. Koma pamene lingaliro limeneli linakula, chinthu chinanso chinakula. Ngakhale tsopano nkovuta kufotokoza ‘chinthucho’ m’mawu. Chinali kuipidwa kwanga kwakukulu, ndipo nthaŵi zina kunatsala pang’ono kuonekera. Ndinali kunthunthumira chifukwa chovutika mtima. . . . Kodi kungakhale kuti mwadzidzidzi, mosafuna, tatulukira umboni wasayansi wakuti Namalenga aliko? Kodi ndi Mulungu amene anabwera napanga bwinobwino chilengedwe chathu kaamba ubwino wathu?”

Poipidwa ndi powopa lingalirolo, Greenstein anabweza mawu msangamsanga, nabwerera pa chikhulupiriro chake chachipembedzo cha sayansi, nati: “Mulungu sindiye yankho.” Si chifukwa chomveka chimenecho—zinangomvuta kwambiri kuvomereza lingalirolo!

Chikhumbo cha Munthu Chachibadwa

Panopa sitikupeputsa ntchito yaikulu imene asayansi oona mtima, kuphatikizapo openda chilengedwe, achita. Makamaka Mboni za Yehova zimayamikira kwambiri zinthu zambiri zimene iwo apeza m’chilengedwe zimene zimasonyeza mphamvu ndi nzeru ndi chikondi cha Mulungu woona, Yehova. Aroma 1:20 amati: “Chilengedwere dziko lapansi zaoneka bwino zosaoneka [“mikhalidwe,” NW] zake ndizo mphamvu yake yosatha ndi umulungu wake; popeza zazindikirika ndi zinthu zolengedwa, kuti iwo adzakhale opanda mawu akuŵiringula.”

Kufufuza ndi zoyesayesa za asayansi zili zochita zaumunthu poyesa kukhutiritsa chikhumbo chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu mofanana ndi chikhumbo cha chakudya, nyumba, ndi zovala. Ndicho chikhumbo chofuna kudziŵa mayankho pa mafunso ena okhudza zamtsogolo ndi chifuno cha moyo. Mulungu “waika umuyaya m’mitima ya anthu; komabe iwo sakhoza kuyesa kuya kwake kwa zimene Mulungu wachita kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka mapeto.”—Mlaliki 3:11, The Holy Bible—New International Version.

Imeneyi si nkhani yoipa. Zimatanthauza kuti anthu sadzadziŵa zonse, komanso sadzasoŵa zinthu zatsopano zoti aphunzire: “Ndinaona ntchito zonse za Mulungu kuti anthu sangalondole ntchito zichitidwa pansi pano; pakuti angakhale munthu ayesetsa kuzifunafuna koma sadzazipeza; indetu ngakhalenso wanzeru akati, ndidziŵa, koma adzalephera kuzilondola.”—Mlaliki 8:17.

Asayansi ena amatsutsa kuti kupanga Mulungu kukhala “yankho” la vutolo kumapha chilakolako cha kufuna kufufuza zambiri. Komabe, munthu amene amazindikira kuti Mulungu ndiye Mlengi wa miyamba ndi dziko lapansi amakhala ndi zinthu zina zochuluka zoti apeze ndi zinsinsi zochititsa chidwi zoti afufuze. Amakhala ngati wapatsidwa chilolezo cha kupitirizabe ndi ntchito yosangalatsa ya kupeza zinthu ndi kuziphunzira!

Kodi ndani angakane pempho la Yesaya 40:26? “Kwezani maso anu kumwamba, muone.” Takweza maso athu kumwamba m’masamba oŵerengeka ameneŵa, ndipo chimene taona ndicho ‘chinthu china chosoŵeka’ chimene chazemba openda chilengedwe. Tapezanso mayankho ofunika pa mafunso obwerezabwereza aja amene avutitsa maganizo munthu m’mbiri yonse.

Mayankhowo Amapezeka m’Buku

Mayankho amenewo akhalapo nthaŵi yonse, koma mofanana ndi anthu achipembedzo m’tsiku la Yesu, anthu ambiri aphimba maso awo, atseka makutu awo, ndipo alimbitsa mitima yawo kuti asamve mayankho osiyana ndi ziphunzitso zawo zaumunthu kapena moyo wawo umene anasankha. (Mateyu 13:14, 15) Yehova watiuza kumene thambo linachokera, mmene dziko lapansi linakhalirako, ndi amene adzakhalapo. Watiuza kuti anthu okhala padziko lapansi ayenera kulima ndi kusamalira mwachikondi zomera ndi zinyama zimene amakhala nazo. Watiuzanso chimene chimachitika anthu akamwalira, kuti akhoza kukhalanso ndi moyo, ndi zimene ayenera kuchita kuti akhale padziko lapansi kosatha.

Ngati mukufuna mayankho operekedwa ndi Mawu ouziridwa a Mulungu, Baibulo, chonde ŵerengani malemba otsatirawa: Genesis 1:1, 26-28; 2:15; Miyambo 12:10; Mateyu 10:29; Yesaya 11:6-9; 45:18; Genesis 3:19; Salmo 146:4; Mlaliki 9:5; Machitidwe 24:15; Yohane 5:28, 29; 17:3; Salmo 37:10, 11; Chivumbulutso 21:3-5.

Bwanji osaŵerenga malembawa ndi banja lanu kapena mnansi kapena mabwenzi m’nyumba mwanu madzulo ena? Tikutsimikizani kuti kukambitsiranako kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri ndi kosangalatsa!

Kodi mumachita chidwi ndi zinsinsi za thambo ndiponso kukhudzidwa mtima ndi kukongola kwake? Bwanji osamdziŵa bwino Iye amene analilenga? Chidwi chathu ndi kuzizwa sizimatanthauza kanthu kwa miyamba yopanda moyoyo, koma Yehova Mulungu, Mlengi wake, alinso Mlengi wathu, ndipo amasamalira ofatsa amene amafuna kuphunzira za iye ndi chilengedwe chake. Tsopano chiitano chotsatirachi chikuperekedwa kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi: “Idzani. Ndipo wakumva anene, Idzani. Ndipo wakumva ludzu adze; iye wofuna, atenge madzi a moyo kwaulere.”—Chivumbulutso 22:17.

Pempho limeneli lochokera kwa Yehova nlosangalatsa kwambiri! M’malo mwa kuphulika kosalingalira ndi kopanda chifuno, thambo linalengedwa ndi Mulungu waluntha lopanda malire ndi wa chifuno chotsimikizirika amene anaganiza za inu kuyambira pachiyambi. Mphamvu zake zosatha amazilamulira bwinobwino ndipo zilipo nthaŵi zonse kuchirikiza atumiki ake. (Yesaya 40:28-31) Mphotho yanu ya kumdziŵa bwino idzakhala yosatha monga thambo lalikululo!

“Zakumwamba zimalalikira ulemerero wa Mulungu; ndipo thambo lionetsa ntchito ya manja ake.”—Salmo 19:1.

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Mpambo wa Zina za Zosasintha Zachilengedwe Zofunika Kuti Moyo Ukhaleko

Mphamvu za electron ndi proton ziyenera kukhala zolingana ndipo ina iyenera kukhala positive ina negative; neutron iyenera kulemera kuposa proton ndi peresenti yaing’ono; payenera kukhala kulingana pakati pa temperecha ya dzuŵa ndi mphamvu ya chlorophyll yotsopa kuunika photosynthesis isanayambe; ngati mphamvu yaikulu inali yocheperapo, dzuŵa silikanatulutsa nyonga ndi nuclear reaction, koma ngati inali yokulirapo, “nkhuni” zofunikira kutulutsa nyongayo zikanakhala zosatetezereka kowopsa; popanda ma resonance aakulu aŵiri osiyana pakati pa ma nucleus m’zithima za nyenyezi za red giant, palibe chinthu china chimene chikanapangika kusiyapo helium; ngati thambo linali losakwanira three dimensions, kulunzana kwa mitsempha yoyendamo mwazi ndi minyewa yopereka uthenga ku ubongo sikukanatheka; ndipo ngati thambo linali loposa three dimensions, mapulaneti sakanazungulira bwino dzuŵa.—The Symbiotic Universe, masamba 256-7.

[Bokosi patsamba 30]

Kodi Aliyense Waonako Msanganizo Wanga Wosoŵa?

Mlalang’amba wa Andromeda, monga milalang’amba yonse yozungulira, umazungulira mwamphamvu mumlengalenga monga ngati mkuntho waukulu. Openda zakuthambo atha kuŵerengera liŵiro la kuzungulira kwa milalang’amba yambiri mwa kuyang’ana kuunika kwake, ndipo akatero, amapeza zodabwitsa. Maliŵiro a kuzungulirako amaoneka kukhala osatheka! Milalang’amba yonse yozungulira imasonyeza kuti imazungulira mofulumira kopambana. Imachita monga ngati nyenyezi zooneka za milalang’ambayo zili mkati mwa ntchintchi yaikulu kwambiri ya msanganizo wakuda, umene telesikopo sitha kuona. “Sitidziŵa mpangidwe wa msanganizo wakudawo,” akuvomereza motero wopenda zakuthambo James Kaler. Openda chilengedwe amayerekeza kuti 90 peresenti ya msanganizo wosoŵawo sudziŵika kumene uli. Akuyesayesa kuupeza, mumpangidwe wa ma neutrino olemera kwambiri kapena msanganizo waukulu kopambana koma wosadziŵika.

Mukaupeza msanganizo wosoŵawo, chonde dziŵitsani openda chilengedwe akwanuko nthaŵi yomweyo!