Peŵani Ulesi wa Kuŵerenga

VUTO latsopano lakuŵerenga likufala kwambiri padziko lathu lapansi. Vutoli ndilo mkhalidwe wakuti munthu adziŵa kuŵerenga koma wosakonda kutero. Inde, kuŵerenga—kumene panthaŵi ina kunakondedwa monga chinthu chosangalatsa—tsopano anthu ambiri amakukana monga ntchito yolimba. “Kuŵerengatu ndi ntchito,” anadandaula motero mtsikana wina wazaka 12, “ndipo zimenezo si maseŵera ayi.”

Ngakhale achikulire ambiri ali ndi ulesi wa kuŵerenga. Mwachitsanzo, United States amadzinenera kukhala ndi 97 peresenti ya odziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba; komabe, pafupifupi theka la chiŵerengero cha Aamereka achikulire samaŵerenga mabuku kapena magazini kaŵirikaŵiri! Moonekera bwino, kukhoza kuŵerenga sikumalingana nthaŵi zonse ndi chikhumbo cha kuŵerenga. Zimenezi nzoona ngakhale pakati pa anthu ophunzira bwino kwambiri. “Pamene ndafika panyumba ndili wotopa ndi ntchito,” akutero womaliza maphunziro ake pa Havard University, “ndimayatsa TV m’malo mwa kutenga buku. Zimenezo nzopepukirapo.”

Kodi nchiyani chachitikira kuŵerenga? M’zaka makumi zapitazi kukondeka kwake kwatha chifukwa cha zoulutsira nkhani zochititsa chidwi. “Popeza tili ndi MTV tsopano—ndi ma VCR ndi Nintendo ndi Walkman—chikhumbo cha kuŵerenga buku mwakhama sichimaonekanso kukhala chopepuka monga mmene chinalili m’nthaŵi pamene kunalibe zocheutsa,” akulemba motero Stratford P. Sherman m’magazini a Fortune. Mwinamwake mdani wodya nthaŵi kwambiri wa kuŵerenga ndiye wailesi yakanema. Indedi, podzafika zaka 65 Mwaamereka aliyense amakhala atathera zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pa kupenyerera TV!

Popeza mapindu a kuŵerenga kaŵirikaŵiri asinthanitsidwa ndi wailesi yakanema, kungakhale bwino kulingalira zotsatirazi.

Mapindu a Kuŵerenga

Kuŵerenga kumasonkhezera kupanga zithunzi m’maganizo. Wailesi yakanema imakuchitirani kuganiza. Zonse zimasonyezedwa bwino: maonekedwe a nkhope, kusinthasintha kwa mawu, ndi maonekedwe a malo.

Komabe, poŵerenga, mumadzipangira anthu ake a m’nkhaniyo, kudzikonzera maonekedwe a malo a chochitikacho, ndi kulamulira zochitika. “Umakhala ndi ufulu wambiri,” akunena motero mnyamata wina wazaka 10. “Umatha kuchititsa munthu aliyense wa m’nkhaniyo kuoneka ndendende ndi mmene ukufunira kuti aoneke. Umakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pamene uŵerenga buku kuposa pamene uona kena kake pa TV.” Monga mmene Dr. Bruno Bettelheim ananenera, “wailesi yakanema imakopa maganizo koma simawamasula. Buku labwino limasonkhezera maganizo panthaŵi yomweyo ndi kuwamasula.”

Kuŵerenga kumakulitsa maluso a kulankhula. “Palibe mwana amene amakhala wopenyerera wailesi yakanema wabwino kwambiri mwa kuipenyerera kwambiri,” akutero Reginald Damerall wa pa University of Massachusetts. “Maluso amene amafunika ngosavuta kwambiri kwakuti sitinamvepo za kusakhoza kupenyerera wailesi yakanema.”

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kuŵerenga kumafuna maluso a kulankhula ndipo kumawakulitsa; nkogwirizana kwambiri ndi kulankhula ndi kulemba. Wophunzitsa Chingelezi wina pasukulu yasekondale akunena kuti: “Palibe chikayiko chakuti chipambano chanu monga wophunzira chimadalira kwambiri pa kudziŵa kwanu mawu, ponse paŵiri pa zimene mungamvetsetse pamene muŵerenga ndi mmene mumalingalirira pamene mukulemba, ndipo palibe njira yokulitsira chidziŵitso chanu cha mawu kusiyapo kuŵerenga—palibiretu.”

Kuŵerenga kumaphunzitsa kudekha. Zithunzithunzi zoposa chikwi chimodzi zingaonekere pa TV mu ola limodzi chabe, zikumasiya nthaŵi yochepa yakuti wopenyerera alingalire pa zimene akuona. “Mchitidwe umenewu umachititsa munthu kukhala ndi nthaŵi yaifupi yosumika maganizo pa chinthu,” akutero Dr. Matthew Dumont. Nchifukwa chake kufufuza kwina kumanena kuti kupenyerera TV kopambanitsa ndiko kumene kumachititsa kupanga zosankha popanda kulingalirapo ndi kusadekha—mwa ana ndi akulu omwe.

Kuŵerenga kumafuna kudekha. “Ziganizo, ndime, ndi masamba zimamvetsetseka pang’onopang’ono, motsatizana, ndipo mwa kulingalira osati kulotera ayi,” akulemba motero katswiri wa njira zolankhulirana Neil Postman. Pa liŵiro la iye yekha, woŵerengayo ayenera kutanthauzira, kusanthula, ndi kusinkhasinkha pa zimene zili patsambalo. Kuŵerenga kuli njira yocholoŵana yotanthauzira mawu imene imafuna—ndipo imakulitsa—kudekha.

Lingaliro Labwino

Mosasamala kanthu za mapindu a kuŵerenga, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti wailesi yakanema ilinso ndi ubwino wake. Ikhoza kupambana kuŵerenga popereka mitundu ina ya chidziŵitso.a Programu yochititsa chidwi ya pa TV ingasonkhezere chifuno cha kuŵerenga. “Zamveka kuti maprogramu a pa TV amene amasonyeza maseŵero a nkhani za ana za m’mabuku ndi sayansi amasonkhezera ana kufunafuna mabuku ankhani zimenezo ndi zina,” ikutero The Encyclopedia Americana.

Lingaliro labwino nlofunika. Mabuku ndi wailesi yakanema zili njira ziŵiri zosiyana zoulutsira nkhani. Iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu yake ndi malire ake. Iliyonse ingagwiritsiridwe bwino ntchito—kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa. Inde, kuŵerenga kopambanitsa kochita kudzilekanitsa ndi ena kungakhale kovulaza monga kupenyerera TV kopambanitsa.—Miyambo 18:1; Mlaliki 12:12.

Komabe, ambiri amakonda kupenyerera kanema kuposa kuŵerenga. Mtolankhani wina wachijapani akudandaula kuti: “Tikusiya kukhala anthu oŵerenga ndipo tikukhala openyerera.” Zimenezi zikuonekera makamaka pakati pa achichepere. Motero chotulukapo chake nchakuti ambiri amakula ali ndi ulesi wa kuŵerenga ndipo pambuyo pake amatuta zotulukapo zake zoipa. Motero, kodi ndi motani mmene makolo angathandizire ana awo kukulitsa chikhumbo cha kuŵerenga?

Mmene Makolo Angathandizire

Perekani chitsanzo. Nkhani ina ya mu Newsweek ya mutu wakuti “Mmene Mungapangire Aŵerengi Abwino” ikupereka uphungu uwu wosapita m’mbali wakuti: “Ngati ndinu munthu amene mumataya nthaŵi yanu yochuluka kupenyerera TV, mwachionekere mwana wanu adzakhalanso chimodzimodzi. Komabe, ngati ana anu amakuonani mutafatsa ndi buku labwino, adzadziŵa kuti simumangolankhula za kuŵerenga, komanso mumakuchita.” Makolo ena amachita ngakhale bwinopo mwa kuŵerengera ana awo mokweza. Mwa kuchita zimenezi, iwo amapanga chomagira chachikondi—chinthu chimene mwachisoni chikusoŵeka m’mabanja ambiri lerolino.

Yambani kupanga laibulale. “Khalani ndi mabuku pafupi—mabuku ambiri,” akulangiza motero Dr. Theodore Isaac Rubin. “Ndikukumbukira kuwaŵerenga chifukwa chakuti analipo ndiponso chifukwa chakuti aliyense anali kuwaŵerenga.” Ana adzaŵerenga mabuku ngati alipo. Chisonkhezero cha kuŵerenga chidzakhala chachikulu makamaka ngati mabukuwo ali m’laibulale yawo yaumwini.

Chititsani kuŵerenga kukhala kosangalatsa. Kwanenedwa kuti ngati mwana amakonda kuŵerenga, ndiye kuti wapambana theka la nkhondo ya kuphunzira. Motero chititsani kuŵerenga kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa kwa mwana wanu. Motani? Choyamba, ikani malire a nthaŵi yopenyerera wailesi yakanema; pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse iyo imayambirira kuŵerenga. Chachiŵiri, pangani malo abwino oŵerengera; nthaŵi ndi malo opanda phokoso, monga laibulale yaumwini yokhala ndi kuunikira kwabwino, zimasonkhezera kuŵerenga. Chachitatu, musakakamize kuŵerenga. Perekani mpata ndi mabuku oŵerenga, koma lolani mwanayo kukulitsa chikhumbo.

Makolo ena amayamba kuŵerengera ana awo akali aang’ono kwambiri. Zimenezi zingakhale zopindulitsa. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti pa usinkhu wa zaka zitatu, mwana amamva mbali yaikulu ya chinenero chimene angagwiritsire ntchito polankhulana ndi akulu—ngakhale kuti sangathebe kutchula mawuwo mwa myaa. “Ana amayamba msanga kuphunzira kumva chinenero ndipo mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mmene amaphunzirira kuchigwiritsira ntchito mwa kulankhula,” likutero buku lotchedwa The First Three Years of Life. Ponena za Timoteo Baibulo limati: “Kuyambira ukhanda wako wadziŵa malembo opatulika.” (2 Timoteo 3:15) Liwu lachingelezi lotembenuzidwa pano kuti khanda linachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti infans, limene kwenikweni limatanthauza “wosalankhula.” Inde, Timoteo anamva mawu a m’malemba nthaŵi yaitali asanayambe kuwalankhula.

Baibulo—Chithandizo Chabwino Koposa

“Baibulo lili mpukutu wochititsa chidwi wopangidwa ndi mabuku ophunzitsa,” likutero buku lakuti The Bible in Its Literary Milieu. Zoonadi, mabuku ake 66 ali ndi malembedwe a ndakatulo, nyimbo, ndi mbiri mmene achichepere ndi akulu omwe angaphunziremo zinthu. (Aroma 15:4) Ndiponso, Baibulo “adaliuzira Mulungu, ndipo lipindulitsa pa chiphunzitso, chitsutsano, chikonzero, chilangizo cha m’chilungamo.”—2 Timoteo 3:16.

Inde, chinthu choŵerenga chofunika koposa chimene chilipo ndicho Mawu a Mulungu, Baibulo. Ndi chifukwa chabwino mfumu iliyonse yachiisrayeli inafunikira kukhala ndi kope lakelake la Malemba ndi ‘kuŵerengamo masiku onse a moyo wake.’ (Deuteronomo 17:18, 19) Ndipo Yoswa analamulidwa kuŵerenga malemba “chamunsi” (NW)—ndiko kunena kuti, kwa iye yekha, ndi mawu otsika—“usana ndi usiku.”—Yoswa 1:8.

Zoonadi, mbali zina za Baibulo si zopepuka kuŵerenga. Izo zingafune kusumika maganizo kwambiri. Kumbukirani, Petro analemba kuti: “Lirani monga makanda alero mkaka [wa mawu, NW], wopanda chinyengo.” (1 Petro 2:2) Mwakuyesayesa, chikhumbo cha “mkaka” wa Mawu a Mulungu chingakhale chachibadwa monga kulirira mkaka wa amayi wake kwachibadwa kwa khanda. Chikondi cha kuŵerenga Baibulo chingakule.b Ndiponso chili ndi phindu lake. “Mawu anu ndiwo nyali ya kumapazi anga, ndi kuunika kwa panjira panga,” analemba motero wamasalmo. (Salmo 119:105) Kodi tonsefe sitimafunikira chitsogozo chotero m’nthaŵi zathu zino zovuta?

[Mawu a M’munsi]