Kupirira Vuto la Kusakhoza Kuphunzira

Nthaŵi imene David wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amakonda kwambiri ndi yomvetsera nthano. Amakondwa pamene Amake akumuŵerengera, ndipo sikumamuvuta kukumbukira zimene wamva. Koma David ali ndi vuto lake. Satha kuŵerenga yekha. Ndipo, ntchito iliyonse yofuna kuti agwiritsire ntchito maso imamgwetsa ulesi.

Sarah wakhala pasukulu zaka zitatu tsopano, koma kulemba kwake nkokhotakhota kwambiri. Zilembo zake nzosalongosoka, ndipo zina amazilemba zikupenya kumbuyo. Zimene zimadetsanso nkhaŵa makolo ake nzakuti dzina lakelo Sarah limamlepheranso kulemba.

Josh, mnyamata wina, amachita bwino m’maphunziro ena onse kusukulu kusiyapo masamu. Malamulo oŵerengera manambala amamsokonezeratu. Josh amakwiya atangoona manambala, ndipo akakhala pansi kuti achite homuweki yake ya masamu, nkhope yake imasintha msanga.

KODI cholakwika nchiyani ndi David, Sarah, ndi Josh? Kodi iwo angokhala aulesi, aliuma, mwina ofasa mutu? Ayi ndithu. Luntha la yense wa ana ameneŵa lili bwino kapena lapakatimpakati. Komabe, vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira limalepheretsa yense wa iwo. David ali ndi dyslexia, liwu lofotokoza mavuto angapo a kuŵerenga. Vuto lalikulu limene Sarah ali nalo polemba limatchedwa dysgraphia. Ndipo kulephera kwa Josh kumvetsa malamulo apafupi a masamu kumatchedwa dyscalculia. Ameneŵa angokhala mavuto atatu chabe a kusakhoza kuphunzira. Alipo ambiri, ndipo akatswiri ena akuti onse pamodzi amakhudza ana osachepera ngati 10 peresenti ku United States.

Kufotokoza Mavuto a Kusakhoza Kuphunzira

Inde, achichepere nthaŵi zina amavutika kuphunzira. Komabe, nthaŵi zambiri zimenezi sizimasonyeza kuti ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira. M’malo mwake, zimangosonyeza kuti ana onse ali ndi nyonga ndi zofooka zawo pakuphunzira. Ena amamvetsa bwino kwambiri; angamvetsetse mfundo bwino lomwe mwa kumvetsera. Ena ali ndi nzeru yogwiritsira ntchito maso kwambiri; amaphunzira bwino mwa kuŵerenga. Komabe, ophunzira kusukulu amakhala m’kalasi limodzi ndipo onse amawayembekezera kuphunzira ngakhale kaphunzitsidwe kake kakhale kotani. Chifukwa chake, ena adzakhalabe ndi mavuto pophunzira.

Komabe, malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri ena, mavuto wamba a kuphunzira amasiyana ndi mavuto a kusakhoza kuphunzira. Iwo amafotokoza kuti mavuto a kuphunzira angagonjetseke mwa kuleza mtima ndi kulimbikira. Komabe, mavuto a kusakhoza kuphunzira amati ngovuta kwambiri. “Ubongo wa mwana wosakhoza kuphunzira uchita ngati umazindikira, kupenda, kapena kukumbukira ntchito zina za maganizo molakwika,” analemba motero Dr. Paul Wender ndi Dr. Esther Wender.a

Koma sikuti vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira limatanthauza kuti mwanayo kwenikweni ali wopunduka maganizo. Pomveketsa zimenezi, banja la a Wender linafanizira zimenezo ndi anthu osatha kuzindikira kusintha m’maliridwe a nyimbo. “Anthu osatha kuzindikira kusintha m’maliridwe a nyimbo saali owonongeka ubongo ndipo palibe cholakwika ndi kumva kwawo,” linalemba motero banja la a Wender. “Kulibe amene anganene kuti kulephera kuzindikira kusintha m’maliridwe a nyimbo ndi ulesi, kusaphunzitsidwa bwino, kapena kusafuna.” Ndi mmenenso alili aja amene ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira, iwo akutero. Kaŵirikaŵiri, amakhala ndi vuto makamaka pambali imodzi.

Zimenezi zikusonyeza chifukwa chake ana ambiri okhala ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira ali ndi luntha labwino kapena lapakatimpakati; inde, ena nganzeru kwambiri. Chothetsa nzeru chimenechi nchimene chimadziŵitsa madokotala kuti mwina mwanayo ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira. Buku lakuti Why Is My Child Having Trouble at School? likuti: “Mwana wokhala ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira amapereŵera pamlingo wofunika pamsinkhu wake ndi pa IQ yake ndi zaka ziŵiri kapena zoposa pochita zinthu.” M’mawu ena, vuto silakuti mwanayo zimangomuvuta kulingana ndi anzake. M’malo mwake, ntchito yake siilingana ndi mphamvu yake.

Kupereka Thandizo Lofunika

Njira imene vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira limakhudzira mtima nthaŵi zambiri imaipitsirako vutolo. Pamene ana okhala ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira sachita bwino kusukulu, aphunzitsi awo ndi anzawo, mwina ngakhale banja lawo, angawaone ngati olephera. Mwachisoni, ana ambiri otero amayamba kudziona molakwa, lingaliro limene angakhalebe nalo pokula. Imeneyi ndi nkhaŵa yomveka, pakuti nthaŵi zambiri mavuto a kusakhoza kuphunzira samatha.b “Mavuto a kusakhoza kuphunzira ali zilema za moyo wonse,” analemba motero Dr. Larry B. Silver. “Zilema zimodzimodzi zimene zimasokoneza kuŵerenga, kulemba, ndi masamu zimasokonezanso maseŵero ndi ntchito zina, moyo wa banja, ndi kumvana ndi mabwenzi.”

Chotero, ana okhala ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira amafunika kwambiri chichirikizo cha makolo awo. “Ana amene adziŵa kuti makolo awo amawachirikiza kwambiri ali ndi maziko okhalira ndi chidaliro ndi kudzilemekeza,” likutero buku lakuti Parenting a Child With a Learning Disability.

Koma kuti makolo awachirikize, poyamba ayenera kupenda malingaliro awo. Makolo ena amadzimva aliwongo, ngati kuti mwanjira ina ndiwo anachititsa khalidwe la mwana wawo. Ena amatekeseka, nathedwa nzeru ndi zovuta zimene zikuwayembekezera. Kuchita mwanjira ziŵirizi nkosathandiza. Kumalepheretsa makolo kuchitapo kanthu ndipo kumaletsa mwana kupeza thandizo limene afunikira.

Chotero ngati katswiri waluso apeza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kuphunzira, musataye mtima. Kumbukirani kuti ana osakhoza kuphunzira amangofuna kuwachirikiza kwambiri kuti aphunzire luso lakutilakuti. Patulani nthaŵi yodziŵira bwino maprogramu alionse omwe angakhaleko kwanuko a ana osakhoza kuphunzira. Sukulu zambiri tsopano zili zokonzeka bwino kusamalira mikhalidwe imeneyo kuposa zaka zambiri zapitazo.

Akatswiri amanenetsa kuti muyenera kumthokoza mwana wanu pazipambano zake zilizonse, ngakhale zichepe motani. Myamikireni mwaufulu. Panthaŵi imodzimodzi, musanyalanyaze chilango. Ana amafunika dongosolo, ndipo zimenezi nzofunika kwambiri kwa aja osakhoza kuphunzira. Dziŵitsani mwana wanu zimene mukufuna, ndipo tsatirani miyezo imene mumaika.

Pomaliza, dziŵani kuona mkhalidwe wanu moona mtima. Buku lakuti Parenting a Child With a Learning Disability likufanizira zimenezo motere: “Tinene kuti mwapita ku lesitiranti yanu yapamtima ndipo mwaitanitsa mzongo wa nyama ya mwana wa ng’ombe. Wokutumikirani ataika mbale patsogolo panu, mupeza kuti ndi nthiti ya mwana wa nkhosa. Nyama ziŵirizo nzokoma, koma inu munali kufuna ya mwana wa ng’ombe. Makolo ambiri afunikira kusintha kaganizidwe kawo. Mwina simunali kufuna mwana wa nkhosa, koma mudzapeza kuti ngwokoma. Zimakhala tero pamene mukulera mwana amene ali ndi zosoŵa zapadera.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]