Malifalensi a Ndandanda ya Utumiki Komanso Moyo Wathu Wachikhristu ya June 2018

JUNE 4-10

CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU | MALIKO 15-16

“Yesu Anakwaniritsa Maulosi”

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Maliko 15:24, 29

kugawana malaya ake akunja: Nkhani yomwe yafotokozedwa pa Yohane 19:23, 24 imatchula zinthu zina zimene Mateyu, Maliko ndi Luka sanafotokoze. Yohane analemba kuti asilikali achiroma anachita maere pa zovala za Yesu. Asilikaliwo anadula malaya a Yesu akunja “m’zigawo zinayi, kuti msilikali aliyense atenge chigawo chimodzi.” Koma iwo sanadule malaya amkati choncho anachita maere kuti aone amene angawatenge. Zimene anachitazi zinakwaniritsa ulosi wonena za Mesiya womwe unalembedwa pa Salimo 22:18. Zikuoneka kuti asilikali ankakonda kuwavula zovala anthu amene ankapachikidwa. Zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti kupachikidwa kukhale kochititsa manyazi kwambiri.

kupukusa mitu yawo: Nthawi zambiri munthu ankalankhula mawu achipongwe akamachita zimenezi. Anthu odutsawa sankadziwa kuti akukwaniritsa ulosi womwe unalembedwa pa Salimo 22:7.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Maliko 15:43

Yosefe: Wolemba Uthenga Wabwino aliyense analemba mfundo zosiyana pofotokoza za Yosefe. Mwachitsanzo Mateyu yemwe poyamba anali wokhometsa msonkho analemba kuti Yosefe anali ‘munthu wachuma.’ Maliko, yemwe kwenikweni ankalembera anthu a ku Roma, ananena kuti anali “munthu wodziwika wa m’Bungwe Lalikulu la Ayuda.” Ndipo Luka, yemwe anali dokotala wachifundo, ananena kuti Yosefe anali “munthu wabwino ndi wolungama” yemwe sanagwirizane ndi chigamulo chimene Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda linapereka poweruza mlandu wa Yesu. Ndi Yohane yekha yemwe analemba kuti Yosefe anali “wophunzira wa Yesu koma wamseri chifukwa anali kuopa Ayuda.”—Mat. 27:57-60; Maliko 15:43-46; Luka 23:50-53; Yoh. 19:38-42.

Kufufuza Mfundo Zothandiza

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Maliko 15:25

cha m’ma 9 koloko m’mawa: Anthu ena amaona kuti zimene Maliko ananena palembali zimasiyana ndi zimene zimapezeka pa Yohane 19:14-16, pomwe amati nthawi “inali cha m’ma 12 koloko masana” pamene Pilato anapereka Yesu kuti akapachikidwe. Ngakhale kuti Malemba safotokoza chifukwa chake pali kusiyana kumeneku, pali mfundo zingapo zimene tiyenera kuziganizira. Choyamba, mabuku onse a Uthenga Wabwino amafotokoza mofanana pa nkhani ya nthawi yomwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zinachitika patsiku lomaliza la moyo wa Yesu padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mabuku onse 4 amasonyeza kuti ansembe ndi akulu anakumana m’mawa ndipo kenako anatenga Yesu n’kupita naye kwa bwanamkubwa wachiroma, Pontiyo Pilato. (Mat. 27:1, 2; Maliko 15:1; Luka 22:66–23:1; Yoh. 18:28) Chachiwiri, Mateyu, Maliko ndi Luka ananena kuti Yesu anali atapachikidwa kale pamtengo wozunzikirapo pamene kunkagwa mdima kuyambira “cha m’ma 12 koloko masana . . . mpaka 3 koloko masana.” (Mat. 27:45, 46; Maliko 15:33, 34; Luka 23:44) Chachitatu ndi choti anthu ena amanena kuti kukwapulidwa kunali chiyambi cha kupachikidwa. Nthawi zina munthu ankakwapulidwa mwankhanza kwambiri moti ankatha kumwalira asanapachikidwe n’komwe. Nayenso Yesu ayenera kuti anakwapulidwa kwambiri mpaka asilikali analamula munthu wina kuti amulandire mtengo womwe ananyamula. (Luka 23:26; Yoh. 19:17) Ngati kukwapulidwa kunali chiyambi cha kupachikidwa, payenera kuti panadutsa nthawi kuti Yesu akhomereredwe pamtengo. Zimene zinalembedwa pa Mateyu 27:26 ndi Maliko 15:15, zimatsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Pamalembawa amatchula za kukwapulidwa limodzi ndi kupachikidwa. Choncho n’kutheka kuti anthu akanatchula nthawi zosiyana potengera pamene anayambira kuwerengera nthawi. Zimenezi zingatithandize kumvetsa chifukwa chake Pilato anadabwa atamva kuti Yesu wafa atangokhomereredwa pamtengo chifukwa iyeyo ankaona kuti sipanadutse nthawi yaitali kuchokera pamene anamupereka kuti akaphedwe. (Maliko 15:44) Kuwonjezera pamenepo, olemba Baibulo analemba motsatira mmene anthu panthawiyo ankagawira tsiku m’zigawo 4 zokhala ndi maola atatu ngati mmene ankachitira ndi usiku. Kagawidwe ka nthawi kameneka kangatithandize kumvetsa chifukwa chake ena anatchula nthawi ya 9 koloko m’mawa, 12 koloko masana komanso 3 koloko madzulo. Ankawerengera nthawiyi kuchokera pamene dzuwa latuluka 6 koloko m’mawa. (Mat. 20:1-5; Yoh. 4:6; Mac. 2:15; 3:1; 10:3, 9, 30) Komanso anthu ambiri sankatchula nthawi yeniyeni m’malomwake ankangoti “cha m’ma” ngati mmene zilili pa Yohane 19:14. (Mat. 27:46; Luka 23:44; Yoh. 4:6; Mac. 10:3, 9) Mwachidule tingati Maliko anawerengera nthawi kuchokera pamene Yesu anayamba kukwapulidwa mpaka pamene anapachikidwa pomwe Yohane anangotchula nthawi yomwe Yesu anapachikidwa. Maliko ndi Yohane analemba zofanana chifukwa onse ananena zimene zinachitika pakati pa 9 koloko ndi 12 koloko ndipo Yohane anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “cha m’ma” potchula nthawi yake. N’kutheka kuti zimenezi ndi zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa nthawiku. Komanso kusiyana kwa nthawi kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti Yohane, yemwe analemba buku lakeli patadutsa zaka zambiri Maliko atalemba kale, sanangokopera zimene Maliko analemba.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Maliko 16:8

anagwidwa ndi mantha: Malinga ndi mipukutu yakale kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka, chaputala chomaliza cha buku la Maliko chinathera pa vesi 8. Ena amaona kuti mawu amene ali m’vesili anathera m’malere moti sangakhale omaliza m’bukuli. Komabe mfundo imeneyi si yolondola tikaganizira m’mene Maliko ankalembera nkhani. Kuwonjezera pamenepa zimene akatswiri a maphunziro monga Jerome ndi Eusebius a m’zaka za m’ma 300 C.E., ananena zikutsimikizira kuti buku la Maliko linatha ndi mawu akuti “anagwidwa ndi mantha.”

Pali mipukutu ingapo komanso Mabaibulo ena achigiriki omwe anawonjezera mawu akumapeto aatali komanso mawu akumapeto aafupi pambuyo pavesi 8. Mawu akumapeto aatali (omwe ali ndi mavesi 12 owonjezera) amapezeka mu Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, ndiponso mu Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, omwe onse ndi a m’ma 400 C.E. Amapezekanso mu Latin Vulgate, Curetonian Syriac, komanso mu Syriac Peshitta. Komabe mawuwa sapezeka mu Codex Sinaiticus komanso Codex Vaticanus, mabuku achigiriki a m’ma 300 C.E., omwe ndi akale kwambiri kuposa enawa. Sapezekanso mu Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus (la m’ma 300 kapena 400 C.E.), komanso mpukutu wakale kwambiri wa Maliko wotchedwa Sahidic Coptic (wa m’ma 400 C.E.). Mofanana ndi zimenezi, mipukutu yakale kwambiri ya buku la Maliko ya Chiameniya komanso Chijojiya, imathanso ndi vesi 8.

Mipukutu komanso Mabaibulo ena omwe anamasuliridwa pambuyo pa mabuku tatchula aja, ankakhala ndi mawu akumapeto aafupi (mawuwa anali ndi ziganizo zowerengeka). Mu Codex Regius ya m’ma 700 C.E., munali mawu akumapeto aafupi komanso mawu akumapeto aatali ndipo aafupi anaikidwa koyambirira. Kumayambiriro kwa mawu onsewa, ankalemba kuti mawuwo amapezeka m’mabuku ena, koma sananene kuti analembedwa ndi Maliko.

MAWU OMALIZA AAFUPI

Mawu omaliza aafupi a pambuyo pa Maliko 16:8, omwe si mbali ya Malemba ouziridwa. Mawu ake ndi awa:

Koma zinthu zonse zimene analamula, iwo anazifotokoza mwachidule kwa amene anali pafupi ndi Petulo. Komanso izi zitatha, Yesu mwiniyo anatumiza uthenga woyera ndi wosawonongeka wa chipulumutso chosatha kudzera mwa ophunzira, kuchokera kum’mawa mpaka kumadzulo.

MAWU OMALIZA AATALI

Mawu omaliza aatali a pambuyo pa Maliko 16:8, omwe si mbali ya Malemba ouziridwa. Mawu ake ndi awa:

⁹ Atauka m’mawa tsiku loyamba la mlungu, anaonekera choyamba kwa Mariya Mmagadala, amene anamutulutsa ziwanda 7. ¹⁰ Mayiyu anapita ndi kukauza amene anali kukhala ndi Yesu, pakuti anali achisoni ndipo anali kulira. ¹¹ Koma iwo, pamene anamva kuti ali moyo ndi kuti iye wamuona, sanakhulupirire. ¹² Komanso, izi zitachitika anaonekera mwamtundu wina kwa awiri a iwo pamene anali kuyenda nawo limodzi popita kumidzi. ¹³ Pamenepo iwo anabwerera ndi kukauza enawo. Ndipo nawonso sanakhulupirire zimenezo. ¹⁴ Koma pambuyo pake anaonekera kwa ophunzira 11 aja pamene anali kudya chakudya patebulo. Pamenepo iye anawadzudzula chifukwa chosowa chikhulupiriro ndi kuuma mitima kwawo, pakuti iwo sanakhulupirire anthu amene anamuona atauka kwa akufa. ¹⁵ Iye anawauza kuti: “Pitani m’dziko lonse ndi kukalalikira uthenga wabwino ku cholengedwa chilichonse. ¹⁶ Amene adzakhulupirira ndi kubatizidwa adzapulumuka, koma amene sadzakhulupirira adzaweruzidwa. ¹⁷ Komanso, okhulupirira adzachita zizindikiro izi: M’dzina langa adzatulutsa ziwanda, ndi kulankhula m’malilime. ¹⁸ Adzanyamula njoka ndi manja awo, ndipo akadzamwa chilichonse chakupha sichidzawavulaza ngakhale pang’ono. Adzaika manja awo pa anthu odwala, ndipo adzachira.”

¹⁹ Choncho Ambuye Yesu atatsiriza kulankhula nawo, anatengedwa kupita kumwamba ndi kukakhala kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu. ²⁰ Pamenepo iwo anachoka ndi kupita kukalalikira kwina kulikonse, ndipo Ambuye anagwira nawo ntchito limodzi ndi kutsimikizira uthengawo mwa zizindikiro zimene anali kuchita.

JUNE 11-17

CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU | LUKA 1

Kufufuza Mfundo Zothandiza

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 1:69

nyanga yachipulumutso: Kapena kuti “mpulumutsi wamphamvu.” M’Baibulo, nyanga ya nyama imaimira mphamvu, kugonjetsa ndiponso kupambana. (Onani mawu a m’munsi pa 1 Sam. 2:1; Sal. 75:4, 5, 10; 148:14.) Komanso olamulira ndi maufumu, kaya abwino kapena oipa, amaimiriridwa ndi nyanga ndipo akakhala kuti agonjetsa anthu ena pa nkhondo, amayerekezedwa kuti akankha kapena kugunda ndi nyanga zawo. (Deut. 33:17; Dan. 7:24; 8:2-10, 20-24) Choncho palembali mawu akuti “nyanga yachipulumutso” akunena za Mesiya yemwe anapatsidwa mphamvu zopulumutsa.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 1:76

udzatsogola pamaso pa Yehova: Yohane M’batizi ‘anatsogola pamaso pa Yehova’ m’njira yakuti iyeyo ndi amene anali kalambulabwalo wa Yesu, yemwe ankaimira Atate wake ndipo anabwera m’dzina la Atate wakewo.—Yoh. 5:43; 8:29.

JUNE 18-24

CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU | LUKA 2-3

“Ananu, Kodi Mukuyesetsa Kuti Yehova Akhale Mnzanu Wapamtima?”

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 2:41

makolo ake anali kukonda: Chilamulo sichinkanena kuti akazi azipita ku chikondwerero cha Pasika. Ngakhale zinali choncho Mariya ankapita limodzi ndi Yosefe ku Yerusalemu kukachita nawo chikondwererochi. (Eks. 23:17; 34:23) Chaka chilichonse ankayenda limodzi ndi banja lawo lalikulu, ulendo wa makilomita pafupifupi 150 kupita ku Yerusalemu komanso 150 kubwera.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 2:46, 47

kuwafunsa mafunso: Anthu amene ankamvetsera Yesu anadabwa kwambiri chifukwa mafunso amene ankafunsa sankagwirizana ndi msinkhu wake. Iye sankafunsa mafunso omwe ana ambiri amafunsa n’cholinga choti angodziwa zinthu zimene zawachititsa chidwi. (Luka 2:47) Mawu achigiriki omwe anamasuliridwa kuti “kuwafunsa mafunso” angatanthauze mafunso ofanana ndi amene amafunsidwa kukhoti. (Mat. 27:11; Maliko 14:60, 61; 15:2, 4; Mac. 5:27) Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti atsogoleri olemekezeka achipembedzo, ankakonda kutsalira pakachisi pambuyo pa chikondwererochi ndipo ankaphunzitsa anthu pakhonde lalikulu la kachisi. Anthu ankakhala pansi n’kumawamvetsera komanso kuwafunsa mafunso.

anadabwa kwambiri: Pamenepa mawu achigiriki amene anamasuliridwa kuti “anadabwa” angatanthauze kudabwa mopitirizabe kapena mobwerezabwereza.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 2:51, 52

anapitiriza kuwamvera: Mu vesili, anagwiritsa ntchito mawu achigiriki osonyeza kuchita zinthu mopitiriza. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti Yesu atagometsa atsogoleri achipembedzo aja ndi zimene ankadziwa kuchokera m’Mawu a Mulungu, anapita kwawo ndipo anapitiriza kumvera makolo ake. Yesu ankamvera kwambiri makolo ake kuposa mmene ana ena onse amachitira ndipo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti anakwaniritsa zonse zimene zinalembedwa m’Chilamulo cha Mose.—Eks. 20:12; Agal. 4:4.

Kufufuza Mfundo Zothandiza

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 2:14

ndipo pansi pano mtendere pakati pa anthu amene iye amakondwera nawo: Mabaibulo ena amamasulira mawuwa kuti “ndipo pansi pano mtendere kwa anthu onse.” Koma m’Baibulo la Dziko Latsopano mawuwa anamasuliridwa mosiyanako potengera zimene zili m’mipukutu yoyambirira. Mawu amene angelowa ananena satanthauza kuti mtendere wa Mulungu uyenera kupita kwa anthu onse mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi otani. M’malomwake, mawuwa amatanthauza kuti anthu amene angalandire mtendere wa Mulungu ndi okhawo omwe amamukhulupirira komanso amene amakhala otsatira a Mwana wake.—Onani mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa anthu amene iye amakondwera nawo.

anthu amene iye amakondwera nawo: Mawu achigiriki akuti eu·do·kiʹa angamasuliridwenso kuti “kusangalala, kumva bwino komanso kuvomereza.” Mawu ofanana ndi amenewa akuti eu·do·keʹo anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Mateyu 3:17; Maliko 1:11 komanso pa Luka 3:22, pamene Mulungu ankalankhula ndi Mwana wake atabatizidwa. M’malembawa mawuwo amasonyeza kuti Mulungu “amasangalala naye komanso amamukonda kwambiri.” Choncho mawu amene angelowa ananena amatanthauza kuti anthu amene angalandire mtendere wa Mulungu ndi okhawo omwe amamukhulupirira komanso omwe amakhala otsatira a Mwana wake. Ngakhale kuti mawu achigiriki akuti eu·do·kiʹa nthawi zina angagwiritsidwe ntchito ponena za anthu onse, nthawi zambiri amanena za anthu amene Mulungu amakondwera nawo komanso kuwavomereza (Mat. 11:26; Luka 10:21; Aef. 1:5, 9; Afil. 2:13; 2 Ates. 1:11). Baibulo la Septuagint pa Salimo 51:18 [50:20, LXX], linagwiritsanso ntchito mawu achigirikiwa ponena za mmene Mulungu amasonyezera kuti amakomera mtima anthu.

JUNE 25–JULY 1

CHUMA CHOPEZEKA M’MAWU A MULUNGU | LUKA 4-5

“Muzitsanzira Yesu Pokana Mayesero”

nwtsty zithunzi ndi mavidiyo

Pamwamba pa Khoma la Mpanda wa Kachisi

Satana ayenera kuti anamutengeradi Yesu “pamwamba pa khoma la mpanda wa kachisi” n’kumuuza kuti adziponye pansi. Koma malo enieni omwe Yesu anaima sakudziwika. Popeza mawu akuti kachisi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito palembali, angatanthauze nyumba zonse zimene zinali pamalowo, n’kutheka kuti Yesu anaima pakona pa denga la nyumba ina yomwe inali kum’mwera chakum’mawa (1) kwa kachisi kapena padenga la nyumba ina ya pamalowo. Yesu akanadziponya kuchokera pamalo amenewa akatha kufa kupatulapo ngati Yehova akanalowererapo.

Kufufuza Mfundo Zothandiza

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 4:17

mpukutu wa mneneri Yesaya: Mpukutu wa Yesaya womwe unapezeka ku Nyanja Yakufa unapangidwa ndi zikopa zokwanira 17 ndipo unali wautali mamita 7.3. Mpukutuwu unali ndi madanga okwana 54. N’kutheka kuti mpukutu umene unali kusunagoge wa ku Nazareti unali wofanana ndi umenewu. Pa nthawiyo Malemba anali asanagawidwe m’machaputala komanso m’mavesi, choncho sizinali zophweka kuti Yesu apeze ulosi umene ankafuna kuwerenga. Koma popeza iye sanavutike kupeza ulosiwu, zikusonyeza kuti ankadziwa bwino Mawu a Mulungu.

nwtsty mfundo zimene ndikuphunzira pa Luka 4:25

zaka zitatu ndi miyezi 6: Malinga ndi zimene zinalembedwa pa 1 Mafumu 18:1, Eliya analengeza za kutha kwa chilala “m’chaka chachitatu.” Ena amanena kuti zimene Yesu ananena zikutsutsana ndi zimene zili m’buku la 1 Mafumu. Komatu Malemba achiheberi sasonyeza kuti chilalacho chinachitika kwa zaka zosapitirira zitatu. Mawu akuti “m’chaka chachitatu” amangotchula za nthawi yoyambira pamene Eliya analengeza kwa Ahabu kuti kukhala chilala. (1 Maf. 17:1) N’kutheka kuti Eliya ananena zimenezi m’nyengo yachilimwe yomwe inkatenga miyezi 6 ndipo ziyenera kuti pa nthawiyi nyengoyi inatenga nthawi yaitali moti inali isanafike kumapeto. Komanso chilalacho sichinathe pamene Eliya anakaonekera kwa Ahabu, “m’chaka chachitatu.” Koma chinatha pamene mvula inagwa pambuyo pa zimene zinachitika paphiri la Karimeli. (1 Maf. 18:18-45) Choncho mawu a Yesu a pa Luka 4:25 komanso amene m’bale wake Yakobo analemba pa Yakobo 5:17, amagwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa pa 1 Mafumu 18:1.