NKHANI YA PACHIKUTO | KODI BAIBULO LIMANENA ZOTANI PA NKHANI YA IMFA?

Kodi Baibulo Limanena Zotani pa Nkhani ya Imfa?

Tikamawerenga m’Baibulo nkhani yonena za zinthu zimene Mulungu analenga, timamva kuti Mulungu anauza munthu woyamba Adamu, kuti: “Zipatso za mtengo uliwonse wa m’mundamu uzidya ndithu. Koma usadye zipatso za mtengo wodziwitsa chabwino ndi choipa. Chifukwa tsiku limene udzadya, udzafa ndithu.” (Genesis 2:16, 17) Mawu amenewa akusonyeza momveka bwino kuti Adamu akanamvera lamulo la Mulungu, si bwenzi atafa. Iye akanakhala m’munda wa Edeni kwamuyaya.

N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti Adamu sanamvere Mulungu ndipo pamene mkazi wake Hava anamupatsa chipatso cha mtengo woletsedwa uja, iye anadya. (Genesis 3:1-6) Panopa anthufe timavutikabe ndi zotsatira za kusamvera kwa Adamuku. Mtumwi Paulo anafotokoza bwino mfundo imeneyi. Anati: “Monga mmene uchimo unalowera m’dziko kudzera mwa munthu mmodzi, ndi imfa kudzera mwa uchimo, imfayo n’kufalikira kwa anthu onse chifukwa onse anachimwa.” (Aroma 5:12) “Munthu mmodzi” amene watchulidwa palembali ndi Adamu. Ndiye kodi uchimo ndi chiyani, nanga n’chifukwa chiyani unabweretsa imfa?

Uchimo ndi zimene Adamu anachita posamvera lamulo la Mulungu mwadala. (1 Yohane 3:4) Ndiye chilango cha uchimowo ndi imfa mogwirizana ndi zimene Mulungu anauza Adamu zija. Adamu ndi ana ake akanakhalabe okhulupirika kwa Mulungu, sakanakhala ochimwa ndiponso sakanafa. Mulungu sanalenge anthu kuti azifa, koma kuti azikhala ndi moyo wosatha.

Palibe amene angatsutse zimene Baibulo limanena zoti ‘imfa inafalikira kwa anthu onse.’ Koma kodi pali chinachake chimene chimakhalabe ndi moyo tikafa? Ambiri angayankhe kuti, ‘Inde chilipo, ndipo ndi mzimu chifukwa mzimu suufa.’ Koma zimenezi zitakhala zoona ndiye kuti Mulungu ananamiza Adamu. N’chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Ngati munthu akamwalira mzimu wake umakakhalabe ndi moyo kwinakwake, ndiye kuti imfa si chilango cha uchimo ngati mmene Mulungu ananenera. Komatu Baibulo limati: “N’zosatheka kuti Mulungu aname.” (Aheberi 6:18) Satana ndi amene ananama pamene anauza Hava kuti: “Kufa simudzafa ayi.”—Genesis 3:4.

Ndiyeno funso ndi lakuti: ‘Ngati chiphunzitso chakuti munthu akafa mzimu wake umapita kwinakwake chili chabodza, kodi kwenikweni n’chiyani chimene chimachitika munthu akamwalira?’

BAIBULO LIMATITHANDIZA KUDZIWA ZOONA PA NKHANIYI

Nkhani ya m’buku la Genesis yonena za zimene Mulungu analenga imati: “Yehova Mulungu anaumba munthu kuchokera kufumbi lapansi, ndipo anauzira mpweya wa moyo m’mphuno mwake, munthuyo n’kukhala wamoyo.” Mawu akuti, ‘munthu wamoyo’ anawamasulira kuchokera ku mawu achiheberi akuti ne’phesh, omwe amatanthauza “chinthu chopuma.”—Genesis 2:7.

Choncho Baibulo limanena momveka bwino kuti anthu alibe mzimu umene suufa. Zoona n’zakuti munthu aliyense ndi “wamoyo,” kutanthauza kuti munthu ndiye moyowo. N’chifukwa chake ngakhale mutafufuza kwambiri m’Baibulo, simungapeze mawu akuti, “mzimu wosafa.”

Popeza Baibulo silinena kuti anthu ali ndi mzimu wosafa, n’chifukwa chiyani zipembedzo zambiri zimaphunzitsa zosiyana ndi zimenezi? Kuti tipeze yankho la funsoli, tiyeni tione zimene anthu ankakhulupirira kale kwambiri ku Iguputo.

CHIPHUNZITSO CHA ANTHU OSALAMBIRA YEHOVA CHINAFALIKIRA

Wolemba mbiri yakale wina wa ku Girisi wa m’zaka za m’ma 400 B.C.E., dzina lake Herodotus, anati Aiguputo ndi amene anali “oyambirira kuphunzitsa kuti mzimu wa munthu suufa.” Anthu enanso amene ankakhulupirira zoti munthu ali ndi mzimu umene suufa anali Ababulo. Pa nthawi imene Alekizanda Wamkulu analanda Middle East mu 332 B.C.E., n’kuti akatswiri a nzeru za anthu a ku Girisi akufalitsa chiphunzitso choti mzimu suufa. Pasanapite nthawi chiphunzitsochi chinafalikira mu Ufumu wonse wa Girisi.

M’Baibulo simungapezemo mawu akuti, “mzimu wosafa”

Pa zaka zoyambira 1 C.E. kukafika 100 C.E., magulu awiri otchuka achiyuda omwe ndi Aesene ndi Afarisi, ankaphunzitsa kuti munthu akamwalira mzimu wake umachoka n’kupita kwina. Buku lina linati: “Ayuda anaphunzira chiphunzitso chakuti mzimu wa munthu suufa kuchokera kwa Agiriki. Katswiri wina wa nzeru za anthu dzina lake Plato ndi amene ankaphunzitsa zimenezi.” (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Ndiponso katswiri wina wa mbiri yakale wa m’nthawi ya atumwi, dzina lake Josephus, ananena kuti chiphunzitso chimenechi si cha m’Malemba koma ndi “cha anthu a ku Girisi.” Iye ankaona kuti ndi chochokera ku nthano za Agirikiwo.

Pamene chiphunzitso cha Agirikichi chinkafalikira, anthu amene ankati ndi Akhristu anayamba kuchikhulupirira. Munthu wina wolemba mbiri yakale dzina lake Jona Lendering anati: “Zimene Plato ankaphunzitsa zakuti mzimu wa munthu poyamba unali kumalo abwino ndipo panopa umakhala m’dziko loipali, zinachititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti Akhristu ayambe kuphatikiza ziphunzitso zawo ndi chiphunzitso cha Plato.” Choncho chiphunzitso cha anthu osalambira Mulungu chakuti mzimu suufa, chinayamba kufalikira m’Matchalitchi Achikhristu ndipo kenako chinakhala mbali yaikulu ya zimene amaphunzitsa.

“CHOONADI CHIDZAKUMASULANI”

M’nthawi ya atumwi, mtumwi Paulo anachenjeza Akhristu kuti: “Mawu ouziridwa amanenadi kuti m’nthawi zam’tsogolo, ena adzagwa pa chikhulupiriro, chifukwa chomvetsera mawu ouziridwa omwe ndi osocheretsa, ndiponso ziphunzitso za ziwanda.” (1 Timoteyo 4:1) Zimene Paulo ananenazi ndi zoona. Chiphunzitso chakuti mzimu wa munthu suufa, ndi chimodzi mwa “ziphunzitso za ziwanda.” Ndi chosiyana ndi zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa ndipo n’chochokera ku ziphunzitso za akatswiri akale a nzeru za anthu komanso ku zipembedzo zachikunja.

N’zosangalatsa kuti Yesu anati: “Mudzadziwa choonadi, ndipo choonadi chidzakumasulani.” (Yohane 8:32) Munthu akaphunzira Baibulo n’kudziwa zolondola, amamasuka ku ziphunzitso zimene Mulungu sasangalala nazo. Komanso amasiya kuchita nawo zinthu zosagwirizana ndi Malemba zimene anthu a m’zipembedzo zambiri amachita. Choonadi cha m’Mawu a Mulungu chimatimasulanso ku miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zokhudza anthu amene anamwalira.—Onani bokosi lakuti, “Kodi Munthu Akamwalira Amapita Kuti?”

Cholinga cha Mlengi wathu sichinali choti anthu azikhala ndi moyo zaka 70 kapena 80 zokha padzikoli kenako n’kupita kudziko la mizimu kapena kumwamba kukakhala kwamuyaya. Cholinga chake chinali chakuti anthu azikhala padzikoli kwamuyaya monga ana ake okhulupirika. Cholinga cha Mulunguchi chidzakwaniritsidwa. (Malaki 3:6) Baibulo limati: “Olungama adzalandira dziko lapansi, ndipo adzakhala mmenemo kwamuyaya.” (Salimo 37:29) Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti Mulungu amakonda kwambiri anthu.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zimene Baibulo limanena pa nkhani ya zimene zimachitika munthu akamwalira, werengani mutu 6 m’buku lakuti, Zimene Baibulo Limaphunzitsa. Bukuli ndi lofalitsidwa ndi a Mboni za Yehova ndipo likupezekanso pawebusaiti yathu ya www.jw.org/ny. Kapena mungapange sikani kachidindo aka.

Kodi Anthu Angakhale Ndi Moyo Kwamuyaya?

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu ananena kuti anapeza udzu wina wapansi pa nyanja womwe wakhalapo zaka masauzande ambiri. Iwo akuona kuti mwina udzuwu ndi zomera zomwe zakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa chamoyo chilichonse. Udzuwu uli m’gulu la zomera zotchedwa Posidonia oceanica ndipo uli pansi pa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Udzu umenewu umapezeka m’dera lalikulu, pakati pa dziko la Spain ndi la Cyprus.

Ngati udzuwu wakhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali chonchi, nanga bwanji anthu? Asayansi ena omwe amafufuza zokhudza ukalamba akuona kuti anthu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Mwachitsanzo, buku lina lonena za nkhaniyi linanena kuti asayansi “apeza njira komanso zinthu zambiri zimene zikuwapangitsa kukhala ndi maganizo amenewa.” Komabe panopa sizikudziwika ngati zimene asayansi apezazi zingathandizedi kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wautali.

Koma chiyembekezo choti anthu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wosatha sichikudalira zimene asayansi angapeze. Baibulo limanena za Yehova Mulungu, yemwe ndi Mlengi wathu kuti: “Inu ndinu kasupe wa moyo.” (Salimo 36:9) Komanso pamene Yesu ankapemphera ananena kuti: “Moyo wosatha adzaupeza akamaphunzira ndi kudziwa za inu, Mulungu yekhayo amene ali woona, ndi za Yesu Khristu, amene inu munamutuma.” (Yohane 17:3) Choncho ngati titaphunzira komanso kudziwa Yehova ndi Mwana wake Yesu, n’kumachita zimene amafuna, tidzakhala ndi moyo kwamuyaya.

Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu amakhulupirira kuti udzu wapansi pa nyanja uwu, wakhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri

N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kukhulupirira Zimene Baibulo Limanena?

Tingakhale ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti zimene Baibulo limanena ndi zoona. N’chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Taganizirani mfundo zotsatirazi:

Ndi Buku Lochokera kwa Mulungu: Baibulo lili ndi mabuku okwana 66. Linalembedwa ndi anthu 40 pa nyengo ya zaka 1,600 kuyambira mu 1513 B.C.E. mpaka mu 98 C.E. ndipo zimene limanena ndi zogwirizana. Umenewutu ndi umboni wakuti Baibulo ndi lochokera kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse. Iye ndi amene anauza anthu amene analemba aja zoti alembe.
Ndi Lolondola pa Nkhani ya Mbiri Yakale: Mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti nkhani zimene zinalembedwa m’Baibulo ndi zoona. Buku lina limati: “Mabuku ambiri safotokoza bwino nthawi komanso malo amene zinthu zinachitikira . . . Koma Baibulo limafotokoza bwinobwino nthawi komanso malo amene zinthu zinachitikira.”—A Lawyer Examines the Bible.
Ndi Lolondola pa Nkhani Zasayansi: Baibulo si buku lasayansi, koma likamanena nkhani zokhudza sayansi zimakhala zolondola. Nkhanizi ndi zoti anthu a pa nthawiyo sankazidziwa. Mwachitsanzo, machaputala 13 ndi 14 a buku la Levitiko ali ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane amene Aisiraeli anapatsidwa. Malamulowa ndi okhudza nkhani za ukhondo komanso kuika kwa okha anthu amene ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Pa nthawiyo n’kuti anthu asanatulukire chilichonse chokhudza majeremusi komanso matenda opatsirana. Baibulo limanenanso kuti dziko lapansili lili m’malere. Pa nthawi imene Baibulo linkalembedwa, asayansi sankadziwa mfundo imeneyi ndipo panatenga zaka mahandiredi ambiri kuti aitulukire.—Yobu 26:7; Yesaya 40:22.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe zosonyeza kuti zimene Baibulo limanena palemba la 2 Timoteyo 3:16 ndi zoona. Lembali limati: ‘Malemba onse anauziridwa ndi Mulungu, ndipo ndi opindulitsa pa kuphunzitsa, kudzudzula ndi kuwongola zinthu.’