Road—Olketa Vein bilong Living
FROM taem bifor kam, pipol iusim barava staka road, small wan and big wan, for kasem nara pipol. Diswan showimaot hao man laekem tumas for wakabaot and for duim bisnis—and tu for faet long olketa war and buildim olketa rul bilong man. Tru nao, olketa road showimaot nogud saed bilong man tu.
History bilong olketa road, start long taem man and animal baeleg long olketa old bush road kam kasem taem bilong olketa maeti road wea garem staka lane distaem, hem no small samting. Hem showimaot tu fasin bilong man.
Olketa Road Bifor Kam
“Maet olketa long Mesopotamia nao firstfala pipol wea workim gud road,” The New Encyclopædia Britannica hem talem. Olketa pipol hia stap raonem tufala river, Tigris and Euphrates. Olketa road bilong olketa, buk hem say, “olketa kavarem withim brik and ston wea olketa burnim, and olketa iusim tar olsem cement.” Diswan mekem iumi tingim wanem Bible talem abaotem samting wea olketa iusim for workim road bifor: “Brik kamap olsem ston for olketa, but tarseal olsem cement.”—Genesis 11:3.
Olketa Israelite barava needim olketa road for duim samting wea worship bilong olketa askim. Klosap 1,500 year bifor Jesus Kraest hem born, olketa Israelite kasem disfala komand: “Threefala taem long year evri man bilong iufala mas kam front long Jehovah God [for celebratim spiritual festival] long ples wea hem bae choosim.” (Deuteronomy 16:16) Datfala ples hem long Jerusalem, and planti taem full famili nao attendim olketa hapitaem hia. Olketa barava needim gudfala road!
Luk olsem, olketa buildim gud olketa main road. Jew man for raetem history, Flavius Josephus, talem olsem abaotem Solomon wea rul wan thousand year bifor Kraest hem born: “Hem no forget for lukaftarem olketa road, and hem iusim blak ston for mekem olketa road wea go long Jerusalem moa big.”
Israel garem sixfala taon for stap sef, wea olketa wea no mean for killim man dae savvy haed. Olketa keepim gud olketa road wea lead go long olketa taon hia. And kastom bilong olketa Jew showimaot hao long evri ples wea olketa road meet, olketa keepim gud olketa saenpost wea point long road wea go long sef ples wea klosap.—Numbers 35:6, 11-34.
Road hem kamap important for mekem bisnis grow, and samting wea olketa bilong bifor laekem tumas nao hem silk kaleko. Olketa talem hao longfala taem bifor Israel kamap wanfala nation, olketa Chinese faendem way for workim silk kaleko from string wea worm workim, but olketa barava haedem diswan go kasem taem Kraest hem born finis. Nomata taem hem no born yet, pipol long Western world laekem silk kaleko tumas. Wanfala buk, A History of Roads wea Geoffrey Hindley raetem, talem hao olketa mekem samfala law “for stopem olketa man for wearim,” from diswan “hem fitim olketa woman nomoa.”
Road wea olketa iusim for tekem silk kaleko from China, olketa kolem Silk Road. Taem Marco Polo go long disfala road go long China long end bilong mek-13 century C.E., road hia hem 1,400 year old finis. For winim 2,000 year, long bilong disfala Silk Road hem winim evri nara road long world. Disfala road hem 12,800 kilometer long, start from Shanghai long China, ples bilong silk kaleko, go kasem Gades (distaem Cádiz), Spain.
Important for Olketa Army
Barava bigfala way for workim road kam from way for aftarem paoa. Example, kaen road bilong Rul Bilong Rome long taem bilong olketa Caesar, kasem full Europe, North Africa, and Middle East, and kavarem samting olsem 80,000 kilometer. Taem olketa soldia bilong Rome no faet long war, olketa savvy go ahed for workim and fixim road.
Hao olketa road helpem man for win hem showaot tu no longtaem go nomoa. Goal bilong Adolf Hitler for bossim olketa nara pipol barava muv strong from program bilong hem, wea hem startim long 1934, for workim speed road long Germany. Man for raetem history, Hindley, talem hao disfala program mekem Germany kamap “firstfala ples long world for garem staka speed road.”
Workim Road—Wanfala Science
Olketa man bilong Rome for survey, iusim wanfala samting olketa kolem groma, for mekem olketa road barava stret. Olketa workman wea garem savvy, karvem olketa ston for markem long bilong road, and olketa engineer markem hevi wea fitim. Olketa road garem faondeson and top bilong hem strong. But main samting wea mekem road for stap for longfala taem hem kleva way for workim drain, wea work gud from level bilong road hem raon lelebet and tu, from road stap hae winim olketa ples raonem. Dastawe olketa kolem “haeway.” Olketa stoa savvy sellim road map tu.
“Sapos wanfala man for raet lukim olketa road wea olketa bilong Rome workim, hem bae laek for tok hae tumas long olketa, and maet no eni samting wea Pipol workim bifor savvy helpem man distaem olsem road bilong Italy.”
Appian Way, road wea go south from Rome hem “firstfala road long history bilong Western kantri wea olketa workim long brik,” disfala buk A History of Roads hem talem. Waed bilong disfala haeway hem samting olsem 6 meter and olketa iusim ston bilong volkeno olsem brik. Taem aposol Paul go long Rome olsem wanfala prisoner, hem go long disfala road, wea distaem, olketa still iusim samfala part long hem.—Acts 28:15, 16.
Planti pipol sapraes tu long hao olketa South American Indian workim road. Start long year 1200 go kasem 1500, olketa Inca pipol buildim staka road, wea long bilong olketa hem kasem 16,000 kilometer, wea bringim tugeta samting olsem 10,000,000 pipol bilong datfala kantri. Olketa ples wea road hia hem go insaed barava raf narawe nao, thru long desert and big forest, and go akros long Andes tu, olketa maeti maunten bilong Peru!
Abaotem wanfala road, The New Encyclopædia Britannica talem olsem: “Datfala road long Andes hem barava narawe. Olketa katem maunten mekem road hem mas 7.5 meter waed and hem tan and klaem easyeasy nomoa raonem olketa barava hae maunten. Hem garem samfala small road wea kat saedem olketa rock, and samfala ples olketa mas buildimap ston wall wea tu-three hundred feet hae for supportim road. Olketa fulimap olketa valley and deep hol long brik and buildim bridge wea iusim strong rope for go ovarem olketa waed river. Olketa iusim ston antap long road long staka area and staka taem iusim wanfala kaen tarseal.”
Olketa Inca no iusim horse, but staka road tumas stap, wanfala olketa kolem “road for messenger bilong king for ranran.” Wanfala man bilong history talem diswan: “Long evri tu kilometer long full road, olketa haos stap for rest and wea olketa workman for ran withim nius, olketa stand-bae. Evri haos hia stap klosap nomoa mekem olketa man hia savvy resis kwiktaem and olketa stand-bae day and naet. Olketa savvy ran withim nius from main taon long Cuzco go long Quito taon, wea hem 2,000 kilometer farawe, insaed faev day nomoa. Diswan meanim olketa mas ran kasem samting olsem 15 kilometer insaed wan hour long road wea staka taem hem 4,000 meter hae winim sea level—wanfala speed wea olketa messenger long Rome nating savvy kasem!”
Kosim Olketa Big Problem
Olketa vein bilong body savvy ova-load, and diswan savvy kosim big trabel. Road tu savvy olsem, olketa road wea stap for mekem easy lelebet laef bilong man savvy ova-load and mekem laef hard tu. Olketa road wea go insaed long big forest, wilderness, and bush savvy killim dae planti animal. Staka taem olketa native pipol and ples bilong olketa savvy kasem trabel tu. Disfala buk How We Build Roads talem olsem: “Disfala Trans-Amazonian Haeway, nomata olketa mekem olsem part bilong development, hem spoelem big area long olketa forest and spoelem laef bilong olketa wea stap long forest, barava destroyem way bilong living bilong olketa.”
Evri year olketa big taon face-im big problem taem staka niu kar fulimap road. Go-go, sapos selen hem fitim, bae olketa workim speed road moa. But bihaen staka year, olketa road hia bae muvim moa pipol for iusim kar, and diswan spoelem air and mekem planti million pipol sik. And tu, samting olsem 500,000 pipol raonem world dae evri year long olketa road accident, nara 15 million pipol garekil from accident tu. Sapos iumi markem, World War I killim dae samting olsem naen million soldia. But then datfala war hem finis. Long narasaed, dae from road hem go ahed—winim 1,000 pipol dae insaed wanday, evriday!
Tru nao, long staka way road hem wanfala story abaotem iumi—toktok wea talemaot olketa strong and weak saed bilong iumi. Hem talem tu tingting bilong iumi abaotem disfala nambawan planet wea iumi mas care long hem.
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The Appian Way, wea aposol Paul gogo long hem, olketa still iusim distaem
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Evri year samting olsem 500,000 pipol dae from olketa road accident raonem world