Hao Nao Aeroplane Hem Kam?

HAO nao olketa savvyman win for flaem olketa machine wea hevi winim air? Pipol hia lukluk go back long olketa tru masta bilong way for flae—olketa bird. Long 1889 Otto Lilienthal, wanfala German engineer, kasem idea from way wea olketa stork savvy flae, and hem pablisim disfala buk “Flae Bilong Bird Olsem Faondeson for Way for Flae.” Tufala year bihaen hem buildim firstfala glider. Long 1896, bihaen hem flae for samting olsem 2,000 taem, Lilienthal hem dae taem hem practice long wanfala plane wea garem wanfala wing. Octave Chanute, wanfala American engineer wea born long France, mekem design bilong Lilienthal kamap moabeta and hem workim wanfala glider wea garem tufala wing, wanfala important step long plan for wanfala machine for flae wea hevi winim air.

Then tufala Wright brata kam. Orville and Wilbur Wright ownim wanfala bicycle stoa long Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A., and start long 1900, tufala iusim work bilong Lilienthal and Chanute olsem faondeson for testim way for glide. Tufala Wright brata work slow and mek sure gud long olketa samting insaed next threefala year, and planti taem testim idea bilong tufala for flae long Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Tufala iusim help bilong olketa wind tunnel, workim olketa niu plan, and firstwan wea tufala workim hem from wanfala washing-powder box. For firstaem wea tufala flae withim engine, olketa buildim wanfala foa-cylinder, 12-horsepower engine seleva, and pasim antap long underneath-wing bilong datfala niu plane. Engine hem tanem tufala timber propeller, wea stap long tufala saed long bihaen-rudder bilong plane.

Long December 14, 1903, niu plane wea tufala Wright brata workim hem tek-off for firstaem from timber road bilong hem—and stap long air for three and haf second! Threefala day bihaen tufala brata hia flaem disfala plane moa. Go-go hem savvy stap long air for klosap wanfala full minute and go winim 260 meter. Aeroplane hia win nao.a

But, full world nating ting strong long disfala important niu samting. Taem go-go The New York Times talem story abaotem tufala Wright brata long January 1906, hem say tufala workim “machine for flae” long barava secret way and talem hao “tu-three taem nomoa tufala flae long air” long 1903. But tru samting, Orville sendem wanfala telegram long dadi bilong hem long datfala sem naet wea tufala flae, and askim hem for mas talem olketa niusman. But, threefala niuspepa long United States nomoa talem datfala story long datfala taem.

Nomoa Bisnis Future for Machine Wea Flae?

Long planti way, world hem daotem way for flae taem hem just start. Nomata Chanute, wanfala firstwan long olketa important pipol bilong way for flae, talem olsem long 1910: “Long tingting bilong olketa kleva savvyman, hem iusles for tingsay pipol savvy iusim machine wea flae olsem bisnis. From hem no savvy karim planti pipol, diswan nao bae spoelem way for savvy iusim for karim passenger and kago, long distaem and long future tu.”

Nomata olsem, technology bilong way for flae grow big kwiktaem long olketa year bihaen datfala firstfala flae bilong tufala Wright brata. Insaed faevfala year nomoa tufala brata hia buildim finis wanfala tu-man plane wea speed kasem 71 kilometer wan hour and klaem hae kasem 43 meter. Long 1911 firstfala aeroplane hem krosim U.S.; hem tekem 49 day for datfala gogo from New York go kasem California! Long taem bilong World War I, speed bilong aeroplane go ap from 100 kilometer wan hour kasem 230 kilometer wan hour. No longtaem hae bilong flae hem winim 9,000 meter.

Olketa niu record long way for flae kamap main samting insaed long nius long olketa year bihaen 1920. Long 1923 tufala army officer bilong America nao first for krosim United States and for no stop, tufala go from wansaed go kasem narasaed insaed 27 hour. Fofala year bihaen, Charles A. Lindbergh kasem bigfala nem taem hem flae and no stop from New York go kasem Paris insaed 33 hour and 20 minute.

Long semtaem, olketa niu bisnis airline start for pullim olketa customer. Long end bilong 1939, way for travel long air kamap big, kasem way wea U.S. airline garem three million passenger evri year. Main aeroplane long olketa year bifor 1920 hem DC-3, wea karim 21 passenger nomoa long speed olsem 270 kilometer wan hour; but bihaen World War II, olketa plane for bisnis kamap moa big and garem moa paoa, kasem speed wea winim 480 kilometer wan hour. Olketa British startim jet aeroplane for karim passenger long 1952. And olketa bigfala jet, olsem Boeing 747, wea garem 400 chair, firstaem kamaot long 1970.

Narafala niu samting kamap long 1976 taem wanfala grup bilong engineer from England and France startim Concorde, wanfala jet plane wea garem triangle wing wea savvy karim 100 passenger and speed tu-taem winim speed bilong saond—winim 2,300 kilometer wan hour. But bigfala kost for ranem olketa plane olsem mekem hem no mas staka.

Changim World

Nomata sapos iu no flae long aeroplane yet, maet olketa niu technology wea go ahed for kamap affectim laef bilong iu. Olketa kago plane flae raonem full world; planti taem, kaikai wea iumi kaikaim, kaleko wea iumi wearim, and olketa machine wea iumi iusim long work or long haos maet kam from nara kantri long aeroplane. Olketa leta and parsol flae raon from wan kantri go kasem nara kantri olsem airmail. Olketa bisnis depend tumas long work bilong plane for karim samting for duim bisnis. Way wea man savvy flae hem affectim olketa kago and service wea stap for iumi and price wea iumi peim for olketa.

Way for flae barava changim living tu. Luk olsem, world hem small nao, thankiu nao long way for flae. Insaed tu-three hour nomoa, iu savvy go long eni ples long world—sapos iu fit for peim. Nius hem muv kwiktaem, and pipol tu.

Price Bilong Way for Muv Ahed

But, way for muv ahed hem garem price. From staka aeroplane flae distaem, samfala fraet hao skae hem kamap danger tumas. Evri year olketa accident bilong private and bisnis plane killim dae planti pipol. “From hevi competition, planti airline kampani no checkim plane olsem olketa duim olowe bifor, taem olketa savvy addim extra kost hia go long olketa customer,” Fortune magasin hem talem. Federal Aviation Administration, wea garem work for mek sure hao way for flae hem sef long United States, hem “no garem inaf selen, no inaf workman, and nating go ahed gud,” disfala magasin hem talem.

Long semtaem, planti pipol wea lukluk long environment worry tumas long bigfala problem bilong air and noise pollution wea kamaot from staka jet tumas. Way for deal withim olketa worry from noise problem hem “midolwan long olketa big problem wea kosim way for divaed saed long way for flae,” disfala Aviation Week & Space Technology magasin hem talem.

Olketa problem hia kamap moa big from way wea olketa plane kamap moa old: Long 1990, olketa faendem 1-fala long evri 4-fala U.S. aeroplane hem winim 20 year old, and 1-fala long 3-fala long olketa winim finis date bilong “gudfala laef” wea olketa wea workim markem.

So distaem olketa engineer wea work withim aeroplane face-im bigfala challenge. Olketa mas workim plane wea moa sef and wea no kost tumas for karim planti moa passenger, nomata taem price hem go narawe and worry long environment kamap big.

Samfala idea for katem kost start finis for showaot. Jim Erickson, wea raet long Asiaweek, hem say hao French-British grup bilong Aerospatiale and British Aerospace plan for workim wanfala plane wea savvy karim 300 passenger and speed tu-taem winim speed bilong saond. Kost and haomas fuel hem iusim for wan passenger bae go daon. And from staka airport garem tumas aeroplane, samfala man talem hao maet hem moabeta for garem olketa niu kaen bigfala helicopter—wea savvy karim 100 passenger. Olketa believe-say hao olketa helicopter hia maet wanday tekem staka long olketa short trip wea olketa aeroplane go ahed for tekem distaem.

Waswe, olketa maeti helicopter and speed aeroplane bae satisfyim bigfala need bilong way for flae long olketa year wea bae kam? Future nao savvy, taem man trae hard for ‘openem skae’ for man flae.

[Footnote]

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Otto Lilienthal, samting olsem 1891

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Library of Congress/Corbis

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Charles A. Lindbergh arrive long London bihaen hem flae krosim Atlantic go long Paris, long 1927

[Credit Line]

Corbis-Bettmann

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Sopwith Camel, long 1917

[Credit Line]

Museum of Flight/Corbis

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DC-3, long 1935

[Credit Line]

Photograph courtesy of Boeing Aircraft Company

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Sikorsky S-43 flae boat, long 1937

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Coast Guard rescue helicopter

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Acrobatic Pitts, barava olsem Samson

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Concorde start for tekem passenger long 1976

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Airbus A300

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Taem hem kam back moa, space shuttle kamap olsem wanfala barava-fast glider

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“Rutan VariEze,” 1978