Datfala Idea Kasem Religion Long East
“Bifor mi tingsay soul wea kanduit dae hem wanfala trufala samting wea evriwan acceptim long world. So mi barava sapraes for learnim hao samfala savvyman long olketa kantri long East and West olketa strong tumas for argue againstim datfala teaching. Distaem mi tingting hao nao idea bilong way for kanduit dae hem kasem olketa Hindu.”—WANFALA UNIVERSITY STUDENT WEA GROW AP OLSEM HINDU.
1. Why nao iumi interest for savvy hao nao teaching bilong soul wea kanduit dae hem start and grow long planti different religion?
HAO nao idea wea man hem garem wanfala soul wea kanduit dae hem start long Hindu religion and narafala religion long East? Datfala kwestin mekem pipol long olketa kantri long West tu for interest wea maet no savvy gud long olketa religion hia, from disfala belief hem affectim tingting bilong evriwan abaotem future. Bikos teaching for say man kanduit dae hem wanfala main teaching long planti religion distaem, way for savvy hao nao datfala idea start savvy mekem way for meanim samting and story tugeta kamap moabeta.
2. Why nao India hem wanfala main ples wea affectim olketa religion long Asia?
2 Ninian Smart, wanfala professor wea studyim religion long University bilong Lancaster long Britain, hem say: “Barava main ples wea affectim religion long Asia hem India. Diswan hem no from samfala different religion start long India—Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh, and samfala religion moa—but bikos wanfala long olketa hia, Buddhist religion, hem affectim olketa kastom bilong East Asia long barava bigfala way.” Planti pipol wea believim diswan “still ting long India olsem spiritual homland bilong olketa,” hem nao samting wea Nikhilananda, Hindu savvyman talem. So, hao nao disfala teaching bilong way for kanduit dae hem go insaed long India and narafala part bilong Asia?
Teaching Bilong Reincarnation Long Hindu Religion
3. Olsem wanfala savvyman bilong history talem, maet hu nao tekem go long India idea abaotem soul wea go long nara body?
3 Long mek-six century B.C.E., taem Pythagoras and olketa follower bilong hem long Greece supportim idea bilong way wea soul go long nara body, olketa Hindu wise man wea stap long saed river Indus and Ganges long India go ahed for mekem grow sem idea. Way wea idea hia kamap semtaem “long Greece and long India hem no savvy happen seleva,” savvyman long history Arnold Toynbee talem. “Wanfala samting wea maet startim,” Toynbee say, “hem nao hafkas Asian pipol wea muv from ples tu ples, wea long mek-8 and mek-7 century B.C., olketa gogo kasem India, South-Western Asia, olketa steppe kantri long north saed long Black Sea, and olketa island bilong Balkan and Anatolia.” Olketa hafkas Asian tribe hia wea muv from ples tu ples olketa tekem go long India datfala idea hao soul go long nara body.
4. Why nao olketa Hindu wise man interest long idea bilong soul wea go long nara body?
4 Hindu religion hem start long India bifor datwan, taem olketa Aryan arrive long 1500 B.C.E. Long start bilong hem, Hindu religion believim soul hem different from body and soul hem go ahed for laef bihaen man dae. So olketa Hindu worshipim laen dadi and putim kaikai for soul bilong olketa wea dae finis for kaikaim. Planti hundred year bihaen taem wea idea hao soul go long nara body hem kasem India, olketa Hindu wise man maet interest long hem from olketa barava ting raonem bigfala problem abaotem badfala fasin and way for suffer midolwan long olketa man. Taem olketa joinim diswan withim law bilong Karma, law wea say evri samting wea happen garem reason, olketa Hindu wise man startim idea bilong reincarnation wea gudfala fasin and nogud fasin bilong wanfala man bae kasem reward or panis long nextfala laef.
5. Long Hindu religion, wanem nao main goal bilong soul?
5 But narafala idea tu affectim teaching bilong Hindu religion abaotem soul. “Luk olsem long semtaem wea idea hao soul wea go long nara body and karma hem start, or maet bifor hem start,” Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics say, “narafala idea . . . hem start for grow midolwan long wanfala smallfala grup bilong olketa savvyman long N. India—idea bilong Brahman-Ātman [Brahman wea nambawan and olowe, datfala barava nambawan goal].” Olketa joinim disfala idea withim teaching bilong reincarnation for explainim main goal bilong olketa Hindu—kamap free from way wea soul go long nara body mekem olketa kasem barava nambawan goal. Olketa Hindu believim man kasem diswan taem hem trae hard for garem gudfala fasin and spesel savvy bilong Hindu religion.
6, 7. Wanem nao belief bilong Hindu religion distaem abaotem laef bihaen dae?
6 Hem nao way wea olketa Hindu wise man changim idea hao soul go long nara body for kamap teaching bilong reincarnation. For duim diswan olketa joinim law bilong Karma and idea bilong Brahman. Octavio Paz, wanfala man wea winim Nobel Prize bilong poetry and wea bifor hem ambassador bilong Mexico for India, hem raet olsem: “Taem Hindu religion kasem moa ples, wanfala idea kamap big tu . . . wea barava important long Brahman, Buddhist, and narafala religion long Asia: way wea planti taem soul go long nara body and kasem different laef.”
7 Teaching bilong reincarnation hem nao faondeson bilong Hindu religion distaem. Hindu savvyman Nikhilananda say: “For kasem way for kanduit dae hem no samting bilong fewfala nomoa wea olketa choosim, but hem samting wea bilong evriwan, datwan nao belief bilong evri faithful Hindu.”
Belief for Born Moa Long Buddhist Religion
8-10. (a) Wanem nao teaching bilong Buddhist religion abaotem laef? (b) Hao nao wanfala savvyman bilong Buddhist religion hem meanim way for born moa?
8 Buddhist religion hem start long India long samting olsem 500 B.C.E. Kastom bilong olketa Buddhist talem hao, wanfala prince bilong India wea nem bilong hem Siddhārtha Gautama, wea kamap Buddha bihaen hem kasem spesel savvy, hem nao startim Buddhist religion. Bikos hem kam from Hindu religion, long samfala way olketa teaching bilong hem klosap semsem withim Hindu religion. Long Buddhist religion, laef hem samting wea go ahed for born moa and dae, and olsem long Hindu religion, position bilong each wan long laef distaem hem depend long wanem hem duim long laef bifor.
9 But Buddhist religion no teachim laef hem olsem wanfala soul wea laef bihaen dae. “[Buddha] tingim soul bilong man olsem planti different kaen feeling nomoa wea fasin for wantim samting nao joinim tugeta,” hem nao Arnold Toynbee talem. But, Buddha believim wanfala samting—wan kaen tingting or paoa—hem muv from wanfala laef go long narawan. Dr. Walpola Rahula, wanfala Buddhist savvyman, meanim diswan olsem:
10 “Samting wea laef hem olketa paoa bilong body and mind nomoa wea join tugeta. Samting iumi kolem dae hem way wea physical body hem barava no work nao. Waswe, evri paoa hia stop evribit taem body hem no work nao? Buddhist religion say ‘Nomoa.’ Feeling for wantim, kavetem, laekem laef, for go ahed, for kamap moa and moa, hem barava strongfala paoa wea muvim full laef bilong pipol, and muvim full world tu. Diswan nao barava strongfala paoa long world winim evri paoa. Buddhist religion teachim disfala paoa no stop taem physical body hem no work taem hem dae; but hem go ahed for showim hemseleva long narafala way, wea mekem laef kamap moa and wea olketa kolem way for born moa.”
11. Wanem nao tingting bilong olketa Buddhist abaotem laef bihaen dae?
11 Tingting bilong olketa Buddhist abaotem laef bihaen dae hem olsem: Way for stap laef hem for olowe sapos man no kasem lastfala goal Nirvana, wea hem way for kamap free from way for born moa. Nirvana hem no laef olowe long paradaes or for kasem barava nambawan goal. Hem meanim way for no stap—datfala “ples wea man no savvy dae” wea winim laef. Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary talemaot meaning bilong “Nirvana” olsem “wanfala ples or taem wea man no savvy care, feelim pain, or luksavvy long eni samting.” Olketa Buddhist no lukaotem way for kanduit dae, olketa kasem encouragement for winim datwan and kasem Nirvana.
12-14. Hao nao olketa different kaen Buddhist religion givim idea bilong way for kanduit dae?
12 Taem Buddhist religion kasem olketa different ples long Asia, teaching bilong hem change for fitim each ples. For example, Mahayana Buddhist religion, wea hem big long China and Japan, believe long olketa bodhisattva or olketa future Buddha. Olketa bodhisattva planti taem delayim way for kasem Nirvana mekem olketa savvy servim narafala pipol and helpem olketa for kasem. So man savvy choose for go ahed for born moa nomata hem kasem Nirvana finis.
13 Narafala change wea kamap big long China and Japan tu hem teaching bilong Klinfala Land long West, wea Buddha Amitabha, or Amida, hem startim. Olketa wea singaot long nem bilong Buddha long faith olketa born moa long Klinfala Land, or paradaes, wea living hem encouragim way for kasem lastfala goal. Wanem nao kamaot from disfala teaching? Professor Smart, wea iumi story abaot firstaem, hem say olsem: “Hem easy for meanim hao, olketa naesfala story bilong paradaes long Mahayana scripture, go-go changim nirvana olsem goal bilong pipol.”
14 Buddhist religion long Tibet hem joinim go narafala different belief wea bilong datfala ples. For example, buk bilong Tibet abaotem pipol wea dae finis storyim future bilong man wea stap long ples for wait bifor hem born moa. Hem say pipol wea dae finis lukim braet laet bilong barava nambawan goal, and olketa wea no savvy face-im datfala laet no kamap free but olketa born moa. Tru nao, olketa different kaen Buddhist religion givim idea bilong way for kanduit dae.
Way for Worshipim Laen Dadi Long Shinto Religion Bilong Japan
15-17. (a) Hao nao way for worshipim spirit bilong laen dadi hem start long Shinto religion? (b) Hao nao belief long way wea soul kanduit dae hem important part bilong Shinto religion?
15 Religion stap long Japan bifor Buddhist religion kasem there long mek-six century C.E. Hem religion wea no garem nem, and hem garem olketa belief wea join withim olketa fasin and kastom bilong pipol. But, taem Buddhist religion hem start, need hem kamap for showim religion bilong Japan hem different from datwan wea just kam. So olketa iusim nem “Shinto,” wea meanim “way bilong olketa god.”
16 Wanem belief nao firstfala Shinto religion hem garem abaotem laef bihaen dae? Taem olketa start for plantim rice, “diswan needim pipol for stap gud tugeta and organize,” Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan hem talem, “and olketa startim olketa ceremony bilong agriculture—wea bihaen garem important part long Shintō religion.” From pipol hia bilong bifor fraetem olketa soul wea dae, olketa startim olketa ceremony for mekem olketa hapi. Go-go diswan kamap way for worshipim spirit bilong laen dadi.
17 Shinto religion believim wanfala soul wea “dae finis” keepim fasin bilong hem but dae mekem hem kamap no klin. Taem olketa wea sorry duim ceremony for rememberim man wea dae, soul hem kamap klin go-go no eni badfala fasin stap nao, and hem kasem gudfala fasin and peace. Go-go, datfala spirit bilong laen dadi hem kasem position olsem wanfala god, or man for guardim. From hem stap tugeta withim Buddhist religion, Shinto religion tekem samfala Buddhist teaching, insaed diswan hem teaching bilong paradaes. Dastawe, belief long way for kanduit dae hem important part bilong Shinto religion.
Way for Kanduit Dae Long Tao Religion, Way for Worshipim Laen Dadi Long Confucian Religion
18. Wanem nao teaching bilong Tao religion abaotem way for kanduit dae?
18 Tao religion hem start withim Lao-tzu, wea olketa say hem stap long China long mek-six century B.C.E. Long Tao religion, goal long laef hem for work bilong man mas wan mind withim Tao—order bilong laef wea raonem man. Main point bilong teaching bilong Tao religion abaotem way for kanduit dae hem olsem: Tao nao olketa rul wea bossim universe. Tao no garem start or end. Taem man live followim Tao, hem share long diswan and hem stap olowe.
19-21. Idea bilong olketa bilong Tao religion leadim olketa for aftarem wanem samting?
19 Taem olketa trae hard for wan mind withim laef wea raonem olketa, go-go olketa bilong Tao religion barava interest long way wea laef hem go ahed and barava strong. Olketa tingsay sapos olketa live followim Tao, or order bilong laef, bae olketa faendem olketa secret bilong laef and no savvy kasem trabel, sik, and dae tu.
20 Olketa bilong Tao religion start for traem way for ting raonem samting, exercisim way for breathe, and spesel kaikai, wea olketa say bae delayim way for body kamap olo and dae. Go-go olketa kastom story start for kamap abaotem pipol wea kanduit dae wea flae long olketa cloud and samfala taem savvy letem man lukim olketa, and wea stap long olketa holy maunten or farawe island for planti year, and stap laef long wata bilong naet or olketa magic fruit. Chinese history say long 219 B.C.E., king Ch’in Shih Huang Ti sendem planti ship withim 3,000 boy and girl for faendem P’eng-lai, wanfala island long kastom story and ples bilong pipol wea kanduit dae, mekem olketa savvy bringim back medicine wea mekem man kanduit dae. But, olketa no bringim back datfala medicine.
21 Way for lukaotem laef olowe hem leadim olketa bilong Tao religion for trae workim samfala kastom medicine for mekem man stap olowe. Long Tao religion, laef hem kamap taem tufala different paoa, yin and yang (woman and man) join tugeta. Dastawe, taem olketa mixim lead (dark, or yin) and mercury (braet, or yang), olketa followim samting wea happen long laef, and olketa tingsay hem bae kamap medicine for mekem man stap olowe.
22. Buddhist religion hem affectim Chinese religion long wanem way?
22 Kasem mek-seven century C.E., Buddhist religion start for join go insaed long religion long China. Samting wea kamaot nao hem wanfala religion wea mixim Buddhist teaching, spiritism, and worship bilong laen dadi. Professor Smart hem say: “Buddhist and Tao religion, storyim moa klia olketa belief abaotem laef bihaen long dae wea no klia tumas long way for worshipim laen dadi long China bifor.”
23. Wanem nao teaching bilong Confucian religion abaotem way for worshipim laen dadi?
23 Confucius, narafala wisefala man bilong China long mek-six century B.C.E., wea teaching bilong hem kamap faondeson bilong Confucian religion, hem no story tumas abaotem laef bihaen dae. Hem strongim way wea hem important for garem gudfala fasin long living. But hem tinghae long way for worshipim laen dadi and barava mekhae long way for keepim olketa ceremony wea join withim olketa spirit bilong laen dadi wea dae finis.
Narafala Religion Long East
24. Wanem nao Jain religion teachim abaotem soul?
24 Jain religion hem start long India long mek-six century B.C.E. Man wea startim, Mahāvīra, teachim hao evri samting garem soul wea laef olowe and salvation bilong soul from way for stap olsem prisoner bilong Karma hem savvy kamap only sapos man strong for no followim samting wea hemseleva wantim and disciplinim seleva and no raf long evri narafala samting. Olketa bilong Jain religion believe olsem kam kasem distaem.
25, 26. Wanem nao olketa Hindu belief wea stap tu long Sikh religion?
25 India tu hem ples wea Sikh religion hem start, wanfala religion wea 19 million pipol followim. Disfala religion hem start long mek-16 century taem Guru Nānak disaed for joinim samfala teaching bilong Hindu and Islam religion for startim wanfala niu religion. Sikh religion followim olketa Hindu belief abaotem soul wea kanduit dae, reincarnation, and Karma.
26 Tru nao, belief abaotem way wea laef go ahed bihaen body dae hem wanfala main part bilong planti religion long East. But, waswe long Kristendom, Jew religion, and Islam?
[Map long page 10]
(For full formatted text, lukim pablikeson.)
CENTRAL ASIA
KASHMIR
TIBET
CHINA
KOREA
JAPAN
Banaras
INDIA
Buddh Gaya
MYANMAR
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
SRI LANKA
JAVA
MEK-3 CENTURY B.C.E.
MEK-1 CENTURY B.C.E.
MEK-1 CENTURY C.E.
MEK-4 CENTURY C.E.
MEK-6 CENTURY C.E.
MEK-7 CENTURY C.E.
Buddhist religion affectim evri part long East Asia
[Piksa long page 9]
Reincarnation hem main teaching bilong Hindu religion
[Piksa long page 11]
Taem olketa stap long wan mind withim laef, olketa bilong Tao religion trae for stap olowe
[Piksa long page 12]
Confucius tinghae long way for worshipim laen dadi