Woba wari ubizi?
Yezu yashaka kuvuga iki igihe yabwira Sauli ngo: “Erega kuguma utera imigere ku mihunda birakugirira nabi”?—Ivyakozwe 26:14.
▪ Mu bihe vya Bibiliya, abarimyi-borozi barakoresha imihunda mu kuyobora ibitungwa baba bariko bararimisha. Umuhunda yari inkoni isongoye, ikaba ishobora kuba yareha n’imetero zibiri n’igice. Umutwe umwe wayo wariko icuma gisongoye. Igitungwa kiramutse cisunikiye kuri uwo muhunda, carikomeretsa. Ku wundi mutwe hariko icuma gikarishe kimeze nk’isinzo cakoreshwa mu gukura umucafu, ibivu, canke ivyatsi ku kirimisho.
Rimwe na rimwe, imihunda yarakoreshwa bwa birwanisho. Shamugari, wa mucamanza wa Isirayeli akaba n’umurwanyi, yarishe Abafilisitiya 600 “akoresheje umuhunda w’inka.”—Abacamanza 3:31.
Bibiliya iravuga kandi ico gikoresho mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Nk’akarorero, Umwami Salomo yanditse yuko amajambo y’umuntu w’inkerebutsi ameze “nk’imihunda y’inka,” kuko ayobora umuntu kugira afate ingingo nziza.—Umusiguzi 12:11.
Yezu amaze kuzuka yarakoresheje imvugo ngereranyo isa n’iyo. Yahanuye Sauli, umwe yahama abakirisu, kureka “[g]utera imigere ku mihunda.” Iyo mvugo ituma tubona mu bwenge igitungwa kigagaza kikanka ko nyeneco akiyobora. Ariko Sauli yaragaragaje ubukerebutsi arumvira impanuro ahawe na Yezu maze arahindura ingendo aba intumwa Paulo.
Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere bamenya gute aho amasaha ageze mw’ijoro?
▪ Igihe izuba ryaba ririko rirarasa, Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere G.C. (G.C. bisobanura mu Gihe Cacu) barashobora kwikora ku gikoresho kigera umwanya (citwa cadran solaire) kugira bamenye aho amasaha ageze. Ariko igihe ibicu vyaba bitangiriye izuba canke igihe bwaba bugorovye, baca bakoresha ico twokwita isaha y’amazi (clepsydre). Abanyamisiri, Abaperesi, Abagiriki n’Abaroma ba kera na bo nyene barakoresha iyo saha.
Twisunze ibivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (The Jewish Encyclopedia), igitabu c’Abayuda citwa Mishna n’icitwa Talimudi vyompi biravuga iyo saha y’amazi “bikoresheje amazina atandukanye, kumbure kugira ngo bitandukanye ubwoko butari bumwe bw’iyo saha bifatiye ku kuntu yaba imeze n’ukuntu yaba ihinguye. Ariko ayo mazina yose asobanura ikintu kimwe, ni ukuvuga ugucoroka buhorobuhoro (canke tubivuze ijambo ku rindi, ukwiyiba) kw’amazi ima ku rindi, iyo ikaba ari na yo nsobanuro y’ijambo ‘clepsydre’ mu kigiriki.”
Uti none iyo saha y’amazi yakora gute? Amazi yava mu gikono kimwe aciye mu gatoboro gatoyi kari munsi yaco, akinjira mu kindi gikono. Umuntu yarashobora kumenya aho amasaha ageze mu kuraba aho amazi ageze mu gikono co hejuru canke co munsi, vyompi bikaba vyarashobora kuba biriko utumenyetso twerekana ingero z’umwanya.
Mu makambi y’abasoda b’Abaroma barakoresha amasaha mwene ayo mu guharura umwanya w’amaterama ane y’ijoro. Iterama rimwe riheze haca havuzwa urumbete. Uwashobora kwumva urwo rumbete wese yarashobora kumenya igihe iterama rimwerimwe ryose ryaba ritanguye n’igihe ryaba rirangiye.—Mariko 13:35.