Ubuyobozi Bukurikizwa Bwarahindutse, Ubuhemu Buragwira

Ku ngoma y’Umwami Henry wa Mbere w’Ubwongereza (iyatanguye kuva mu 1100 gushika mu 1135), ingero yitwa iyadi yafatwa ko ari “uburebure bwo kuva kw’isonga ry’izuru ry’Umwami gushika kw’isonga ry’urukumu rwiwe ruhagaze.” Umuntu yomenya gute neza na neza ukuntu udukoni tw’iyadi imwe tw’abatwarwa na Henry twareha? Bisa n’uko kugendera uwo mwami ari bwo buryo rudende bwari buhari bwo kubimenya.

INGERO muri iki gihe usanga zisigurwa mu buryo butomoye bishimikije izo bafatirako. Nk’akarorero, bavuga ko imetero ari ugufata uburebure umuco ugenda mu kirere mw’isegonda imwe, ukabugabura na 299.792.458. Iyo abantu baba bafise ibikoresho vyo gupima ingero mfatirwako, ahantu hose boshoboye gusuzuma bakaraba niba ingero z’uburebure bakoresha zisa n’izikoreshwa ahandi hose.

Ingero mfatirwako zihindutse, naho zohinduka gato, zirashobora gutuma abantu batamenya ico bafata n’ico bareka, ari co gituma hariko haragirwa utwigoro dukomeye kugira ngo bazizigame. Nk’akarorero mu Bwongereza, ingero bafatirako mu gupima uburemere, ni ikigegene c’icuma kigizwe n’uruvange rw’ivyitwa platine na iridium gipima ikilo. Ico gisate kibitswe mu Rwego rw’Igihugu Rujejwe Ubushakashatsi mu vy’Ubuhinga bwitwa Fizike. Ugutosekara kw’ikirere bivuye ku ruja n’uruza rw’imiduga be no ku ndege, gutuma urwo rugero bafatirako mu gupima ikilo rwongereza uburemere ku musi ku musi. Ico kigegene c’icuma kimeze nk’ingingo y’umugano, ni ikigegene kimeze neza na neza nk’ingero ifatirwako kw’isi yose ibitswe yubitsweko ibintu bimeze nk’ibibakuri bitatu bigerekeranye, mu cumba co mu kuzimu co ku Biro Mpuzamakungu Bijejwe ivy’Uburemere n’Ingero, ahitwa Sèvres mu Bufaransa. Mugabo, n’uburemere bw’ivyo bintu burahindagurika bivuye ku tuntu inzatsa tuvyihomekako. Ni co gituma gushika ubu, abahinga mu vy’ingero batarigera bashika ku ngero mfatirwako idahindagurika.

Naho mu gihe habaye ihinduka rito cane usanga ataco bitwaye ku muntu asanzwe, ingero mfatirwako ihindutse birashobora gutesha umutwe. Mu Bwongereza, guhindura uburyo umwami yashinze bwo kugera uburemere (mu gukoresha ivyo bita livre canke once) bagakoresha izindi ngero zishingiye ku kilo (ku bilo no ku magarama) vyatumye abantu batizigira na gato uburyo bwo gupima, kandi birumvikana. Abacuruza mu mamangazini bamwebamwe ataco bibanga, barungukiye ku karyo k’uko abantu muri rusangi batari bazi ubwo buryo bushasha bwo gupima, barazimba abaza kubashorera mu kugabanya gato ibipimo bakoresha mu kubapimira.

Ubuyobozi Bukurikizwa mu Muryango no mu vy’Ukwigenza Runtu

Tuvuge iki ku vyerekeye ukuntu ubuyobozi bukurikizwa mu muryango no mu vy’ukwigenza runtu buguma buhinduka? Ingaruka y’amahinduka nk’ayo irashobora kwonona ibintu kuruta. Amaraporo yo muri kino gihe yerekeye isambuka ry’imiryango, ubushegabo bwimonogoje, be n’ukugirira nabi abana ku mubiri gukwiye hose mu kubonona no mu kubaturubika, atuma benshi bakubitwa n’inkuba bikongera bikemeza yuko tubaho mu kiringo ubuyobozi bukurikizwa buriko buratituka. Imiryango igizwe n’umuvyeyi umwe, abana barerwa n’abantu babiri babana basangiye igitsina biyita ngo ni “abavyeyi,” be n’ukugirira nabi abana babungabungwa n’abajejwe intwaro, ivyo vyose ni ingaruka z’uko abantu batera ibitugu ingingo mfatirwako zemewe. Abantu barushiriza kuba benshi baguma bacika “abikunda gusa . . . badakunda n’ababo . . . badakunda ivyiza . . . bakunda ibibahimbara bakarirutisha Imana,” nk’uko Bibiliya yabibuye ubu hakaba haciye nk’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri.​—2 Timoteyo 3:1-4.

Ugutituka kw’ingingo mfatirwako z’ivy’ukwigenza runtu kujana n’ukugwira kw’ubuhemu. Mu misi iheze, uguta ingingo mfatirwako mu mwuga w’ubuvuzi kwaraserutse mu buryo bwibonekeje i Hyde, igisagara co mu buraruko bw’Ubwongereza, aho abahaba bama bitura abavuzi babo “bubahwa kandi b’abizigirwa.” Ariko barahemukiwe bimwe bibi. Gute? Raporo y’urubanza yahishuye yuko hari umuvuzi koko yagandaguye n’imiburiburi abarwayi b’abakenyezi 15 bahoze baza kumwivuzako. Ku bwa ngingo, igipolisi categerejwe kwihweza ivy’abandi barenga 130 bapfiriye mu maboko y’uwo muvuzi. Urugero ubwo buhemu bwashitseko rwarashimitsweko igihe uwo muvuzi yagirwa n’icaha maze agacirwa umunyororo. Abakozi babiri bakora kw’ibohero, abo ba nyina bashobora kuba bagandaguwe n’uwo muvuzi, barahawe ibindi bikorwa kugira ngo ntibashirwe aho bobwirizwa kubungabunga iyo mbohe y’inkorabara. Ntibitangaje rero kubona raporo yerekeye urwo rubanza yo mu kinyamakuru kimwe (The Daily Telegraph), yadondoye uwo muvuzi yagirwa n’ico caha ko ari “‘Ishetani’ y’umuganga.”

Kubera ingingo mfatirwako zihinduka kandi zitituka mu mice myinshi y’ubuzima, ushobora none kwizigira nde udakekeranya? Ni hehe ushobora kuronka ubuyobozi budahinduka, bushigikiwe n’umukuru afise ububasha bwo gutuma bukurikizwa? Ikiganiro gikurikira kiraza guca irya n’ino ivyo bibazo.